Foreign Object Research Articles

A robust FOD acoustic detection method for rocket tank final assembly process

The presence of Foreign Object Debris (FOD) during the assembly of rocket tanks poses a significant risk to the success of rocket launches. The current manual listening method which relies on the human ear for detecting FOD in rocket tanks is limited by its low level of automation and poor robustness. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a Robust Foreign Object Debris Detection (RFODD) method that utilizes an Adaptive Wiener Filter (EDAWF) based on energy variation and an Adaptive Forgetting Factor Gaussian Mixture Model (AFFGMM). EDAWF improves the input signal quality, while AFFGMM addresses the challenge of updating parameters under time-varying signals. FOD detection is then performed through a multi-segment counting method and a criterion based on the anomaly percentage index. The proposed RFODD method was evaluated through an experimental study on a rocket tank and was found to offer a more robust and automated solution for FOD detection with engineering applications.

A Spectral Enhancement Method Based on Remote-Sensing Images for High-Speed Railways

This paper proposes a pansharpening model in order to obtain remote-sensing images with high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. Based on a generic component substitution (CS) fusion framework, the model utilizes the difference between the high-frequency component of the panchromatic (PAN) image and the high-frequency component of the luminance (L) image to express the missing spatial detail information of the ideal high-resolution multispectral (HRMS) image. A rolling guidance filter (RGF) is used in this framework to achieve the effective extraction of high-frequency information from remote-sensing images while reducing the spectral distortion of subsequent operations. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values of the sensor are also applied to the selection of adaptive weighting coefficients to further improve the spectral fidelity of the fused images. At the same time, the choice of suitable interpolation and gain coefficients improves the generalizability of the model while reducing spectral and spatial distortions. Finally, the use of a guided filter (GF) also greatly improves the quality of the fused image. The experimental results show that the model can effectively improve the spatial resolution for foreign objects at the perimeter of high-speed railways, while also ensuring the color fidelity of foreign objects such as colored steel tiles.

Root causes and preventability of unintentionally retained foreign objects after surgery: a national expert survey from Switzerland

BackgroundRetained foreign objects (RFO) after surgery are rare, serious patient safety events. In international comparisons based on routine data, Switzerland had remarkably high RFO rates. The objectives of this study were to 1) explore national key stakeholders’ views on RFO as a safety problem, its preventability and need for action in Switzerland; and 2) to assess their interpretation of Switzerland’s RFO incidence compared to other countries.MethodsA semi-structured expert survey was conducted among national key representatives, including clinician experts, patient advocates, health administration representatives and other relevant stakeholders (n = 21). Data were coded and analyzed to generate themes related to the study questions following a deductive approach.ResultsExperts in this study unequivocally emphasized the tragedy for individual patients affected by RFOs. Productivity pressure and the strong economization of operating rooms were perceived as detrimental to safety culture, which was seen as essential for RFO prevention, specifically by those working in the OR. RFOs were seen as “maximally minimizable” but not completely preventable. There was strong agreement that within country differences in RFO risk between Swiss hospitals existed. On the systems level and compared to other safety issues, RFO were having less urgency for most experts. The international comparison of RFO incidences raised serious skepticism across all groups of experts. The validity of the data was questioned and the dominant interpretation of Switzerland’s high RFO incidence compared to other countries was a “reporting artifact” based on high coding quality in Swiss hospitals. While most experts thought that the published RFO incidence warrants in-depth analysis of the data, there was little agreement about who’s role it was to initiate any further activities.ConclusionsThis investigation offers valuable insights into the perspectives of significant stakeholders concerning RFOs, their root causes, and preventability. The findings demonstrate how international comparative safety data are perceived, interpreted, and utilized by national experts to derive conclusive insights.

Case Report: Management Penetrating Brain Injury Across Middle Third of Superior Sagittal Sinus

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Penetrating cranial injuries are rarely reported on thick parietal bone. Goal of its management include removal of the foreign object while minimizing furher damage to the brain and associated neurovascular structures, also prevent further complications.</p><p><strong>Case </strong><strong>Description</strong>: We report a case of a 22-year-old male presented with machete stucked in his head following an accidentally fell down of the weapon from a coconut tree. The cranial location affected were midparietal. He was disoriented on admission, with neither neurological focal signs nor seizure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed that the object penetrate middle superior sagittal sinus. After emergency craniotomy to remove the objects, debridement, dural sinus repair were performed. Recovery was complete without sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Laceration of the middle thirds of the superior sagittal sinus require special handling and care during surgery. Operative approach and treatment strategies are among the most important considerations to achieve the best patient outcomes. </p>

Collecting Cyclic Garbage across Foreign Function Interfaces: Who Takes the Last Piece of Cake?

A growing number of libraries written in managed languages, such as Python and JavaScript, are bringing about new demand for a foreign language interface (FFI) between two managed languages. Such an FFI allows a host-language program to seamlessly call a library function written in a foreign language and exchange objects. It is often implemented by a user-level library but such implementation cannot reclaim cyclic garbage, or a group of objects with circular references, across the language boundary. This paper proposes Refgraph GC , which enables FFI implementation that can reclaim cyclic garbage. Refgraph GC coordinates the garbage collectors of two languages and it needs to modify the managed runtime of one language only. It does not modify that of the other language. This paper discusses the soundness and completeness of the proposed algorithm and also shows the results of the experiments with our implementation of FFI with Refgraph GC. This FFI allows a Ruby program to access a JavaScript library.

A digital engineering framework to facilitate automated data exchange between geometric inspection and structural analysis

Digital engineering relies on continuous and interoperable flow of data across the various stages within the product lifecycle, which permits engineers to make more-informed downstream decisions in the lifecycle. A model-based feature information network (MFIN) was developed to enable storing, tracking, and retrieving externally stored metadata in the context of the geometric features of the corresponding computer aided-design (CAD) model. In this paper, we use the MFIN framework to dynamically capture deviations in the part geometry via physical measurements, and to create a new instance of the CAD model and the associated structural analysis. The contribution of this work is the creation of automated workflow software, which enables engineers to improve decision making by assessing (i) as-manufactured part geometries that fall out of specifications during the materials review board or (ii) in-service damages in parts during the maintenance, repair, or overhaul stages of the lifecycle. We demonstrate a use case to assess the structural integrity of a turbofan blade that had experienced foreign object damages during service. The automated flow of information from geometric inspection within structural analysis, enabled by MFIN, presents opportunities for effectively assessing products by utilizing their current geometries and improving decision making during the product lifecycle.

Mining belt foreign body detection method based on YOLOv4_GECA model

In the process of mining belt transportation, various foreign objects may appear, which will have a great impact on the crusher and belt, thus affecting production progress and causing serious safety accidents. Therefore, it is important to detect foreign objects in the early stages of intrusion in mining belt conveyor systems. To solve this problem, the YOLOv4_GECA method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the GECA attention module is added to establish the YOLOv4_GECA foreign object detection model in the mineral belt to enhance the foreign object feature extraction capability. Secondly, based on this model, the learning rate decay of restart cosine annealing is used to improve the foreign object image detection performance of the model. Finally, we collected belt transport image information from the Pai Shan Lou gold mine site in Shenyang and established a belt foreign body detection dataset. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of the YOLOv4_GECA method proposed in this paper is 90.1%, the recall rate is 90.7%, and the average detection time is 30 ms, which meets the requirements for detection accuracy and real-time performance at the mine belt transportation site.

Optimization of Monitoring of Apron Cleanliness from Foreign Object Debris (FOD) by the Apron Movement Control Unit (AMC) at Supadio Pontianak International Airport

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is an object or foreign object that is alive or not living in the apron area (aircraft parking area), taxiway and runway (runway) which can cause damage to aircraft and has the potential to pose a hazard to the safety and security of aircraft operations fly. The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts, constraints, and solutions of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers in monitoring the cleanliness of aprons from Foreign Object Debris (FOD) at Supadio Pontianak International Airport. This study used a qualitative research method using primary and secondary data which was conducted in March 2023 at Supadio Pontianak International Airport. This research was conducted in the Apron Movement Control and Ground Handling units using data collection and retrieval techniques through interviews conducted with 1 resource person from the Apron Movement Control Coordinator, 1 marshaller from PT. Mulio Citra Angkasa as the Ground Handling Agent, through observation, documentation and library research. To test the validity of the data, researchers used credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. As for data analysis that researchers use, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that AMC officers make efforts to monitor the cleanliness of the apron by carrying out scheduled inspections, outside of the scheduled ones, and coordinating with related stake holders such as ground handling, bukaka, and Pertamina. The obstacle faced by AMC officers is the number of officers who are only 2 to 3 people per shift makes it difficult for officers to carry out supervision on the apron, the condition of the apron is cracked, and the construction of new corridors so that it is feared that it can cause FOD to enter the apron. The solution to deal with these obstacles is to carry out routine inspections at least 2 times per shift and additional inspections if the weather is bad, conduct socialization to increase awareness of all stakeholders at the airport, conduct FOD Walks when AMC officers want to operate garbarata.

Simulation and Research of Railway Foreign Body Invasion System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

With the accelerating growth of railway operating mileage in China, ensuring the safety of railway operations has become a critical problem. According to some previous studies, the railway foreign body invasion limit is a major threat to the safe operation of the railway. As the current stage mainly adopts the combination of manual inspection and video monitoring, it has some disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and inefficient. Meanwhile, it cannot timely detect potential danger. Therefore, the research on the simulation of railway foreign body intrusion systems based on single-chip microcomputers is carried out. The program is compiled in C language and uses the microcontroller to achieve real-time foreign object detection and alarm for encroachment. This paper mainly introduces the principle of the system and uses Proteus software to design and simulate the circuit. Last but not least, welding is carried out according to the circuit diagram, and the physical test is carried out to verify the feasibility of the design.

Identifying a list of healthcare ‘never events’ to effect system change: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

BackgroundNever events (NEs) are patient safety incidents that are preventable and so serious they should never happen. To reduce NEs, several frameworks have been introduced over the past two decades;...

Foreign Objects in Stool

A pathology consult was initiated regarding a 75-year-old female with a chief complaint of pea-sized yellow balls in her stool (Fig. 1). Her medical history included irritable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and trigeminal neuralgia with prescriptions for extended-release carbamazepine, atenolol, buspirone, and gabapentin. The patient noted that the ball-shaped objects retrieved from the stool contained white fluid when opened. Her physician placed an order for “stool microscopic.” ... Potential foreign objects in stool include parasite structures (1), dietary plant material (2), illicit drug packing, accidentally ingested foreign bodies, capsule endoscopy, and undigested coatings of modified-release (-ER/-XR/-EC/-SR/-CR) medication (3, 4). While the patient and clinician claimed no changes to diet or medication, the carbamazepine prescription had recently changed to Tegretol-XR (extended-release) (see online Supplemental Fig. 1). The medication package insert states: “…tablet coating is not absorbed and is excreted in the feces…” (5). Supplementary material is available at Clinical Chemistry online.

The Pitfalls Medical Radiological Technologists Should Consider in Bone Densitometry

Bone densitometry is a disease in which bones are easily broken due to metabolic bone disease, and DXA is used as a clinical standard test. Although DXA is a good method with good accuracy and reproducibility, it is frequently subject to test errors in testing and result analysis and analysis. Therefore, it is important to recognize the error issues that radiologists should basically be aware of when performing bone density tests, prevent erroneous diagnoses and treatments resulting from the results, and reduce the unnecessary costs associated with them. aim. The inspection must be carried out if the quality control of the equipment is basically continuously performed well before the inspection. Before starting the examination, the patient's age, sex, race, weight, pregnancy status, and any foreign objects that can be removed should be checked, and the examination should be performed in the correct posture. In addition, it is important to analyze results consistently. Radiologists, who play the most important role in ensuring accurate examinations, need to be aware of the potential for errors in advance and develop the ability to deal with the potential for errors in each examination. For that reason, regular education is considered essential.

Material Recognition of Foreign Object Debris using Deep Learning

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is defined as one of the major problems in the airline maintenance industry, reducing the levels of safety. A foreign object which may result in causing serious damage to an airplane, including engine problems and personal safety risks. Therefore, it is critical to detect FOD in place to guarantee the safety of airplanes flying. FOD detection systems in the past lacked an effective method for automatic material recognition as well as high speed and accuracy in detecting materials. This paper proposes the FOD model using a variety of feature extraction approaches like Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to extract features and Deep Learning (DL) for classification. The data for this research was taken from the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport runways. FOD has been done via utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network Classifier (CNN) with 27 layers. Those layers are distributed as follows: nine convolutional layers of type 1D; eight leaky ReLU layers; seven maxpooling 1D layers; two fully connected layers that are represented by the (Dense); and one flattening layer. The performance measures utilized in the system are precision, accuracy, F-score, and recall. The experimental results obtained after implementation and testing are of accuracy 99.8%, precision 100%, recall 100%, and F1-score is 100%. Experiments show that the proposed method has good performance in detection accuracy.

Non-destructive testing technology for intelligent identification of foreign objects in cosmetics based on BP algorithm

To solve the problem that the presence of foreign matters in cosmetics will affect the safety and health of consumers and is not conducive to the development of the cosmetics industry, an intelligent identification system for foreign matters in cosmetics is established using the improved BP algorithm. Scan cosmetic samples to identify foreign matters and extract foreign matter features, so as to achieve non-destructive detection of foreign matters in cosmetics. Comparing the traditional BP algorithm, Faster R-CNN algorithm and the improved BP algorithm, the results show that the convergence time of the improved BP algorithm is 60 s and 30 s earlier than that of the traditional BP algorithm and Faster R-CNN algorithm respectively; Whether there is noise or not, the recognition rate of the improved BP algorithm is always higher than that of the traditional BP algorithm and Faster R-CNN algorithm. The accuracy rate of the improved BP algorithm is between 0.88 and 0.96, the accuracy rate of the traditional BP algorithm is between 0.57 and 0.75, and the accuracy rate of the Faster R-CNN algorithm is between 0.76 and 0.81. This shows that the improved BP algorithm can realize the nondestructive detection of foreign matters in cosmetics, ensure a high accuracy and fast speed, and provide consumers with a sense of safe use of cosmetics, it can also improve consumers’ satisfaction with the use of cosmetic products.

Experimental investigation of metasurface-based resonator for one-to-many wireless power transfer systems in the presence of foreign objects

The wireless charging of multiple devices simultaneously is on a high demand. Metasurface-based resonators with a uniform magnetic field distribution over a large area have been recently proposed as a transmitting resonator for one-to-many WPT systems. However, the problem of the influence of foreign objects on a one-to-many WPT system characteristics has not been deeply studied. Herein, we explore the influence of different foreign objects such as a metal screen, ferrites, coins, and a smartphone on the input impedance of the WPT system utilizing a metasurface-based resonator. We experimentally investigate the impact of foreign objects on the WPT system parameters and define the most destructive foreign objects. To avoid this parasitic impact, we modify the metasurface-based resonator design by shielding the magnetic field. We numerically demonstrate that the modified design does not provide any magnetic field beneath the metasurface-based resonator.

Hierarchical Neural Network and Simulation Based Structural Defect Identification and Classification

A vibration data-driven structural defect identification and classification technique is developed using frequency response under random excitation and a hierarchical neural network. A system of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is trained using finite element simulation-based synthetic data to reduce the need for many sensor measurements required otherwise. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to compress the high dimensionality of the vibration response data and eliminate the noise effect in the training and testing. Frequency responses data dimension for the structure with defects such a crack from stress concentration, rivet hole expansion, and attached foreign object mass such as ice accumulation in aircraft wing or fuselage are reduced using PCA and fed to a classifier network. The probabilistic decision output from the classifier network and the compressed data are then fed to the next levels of estimator networks, where each network is dedicated to the individual type of defect for the estimation of the defect parameters corresponding to that class of defect. The methodology is applied to a stiffened panel structure. The cracks and rivet hole expansions are introduced in the rivet line of the stiffener, and the foreign object mass is attached to the panel surface. The results show that it is possible to classify the defects and further estimate the defect parameters with good accuracy and reliability. It was observed that the damage classification network had an accuracy of roughly 95%. The damage localization network for crack as well as rivet expansion had average absolute error of around 2. The damage severity network was also able to perform well with a mean absolute error of about 0.34 for crack length detection and 0.22 for expanded rivet damage. However, the damage localization and severity prediction networks were quite challenging to train in the presence of multiple damages and need further development in the network architecture.

(094) Sexual Emergencies in Women

Abstract Introduction Sexual emergencies in female patients are more common than people think. They represent medical curiosities more than pathologies for which we should be prepared to treat. This review and the presentation of our cases shows how extensive and important is this area in the medical practice and why every single physician should be prepared to confront them. Gynecologist, surgeons, sexologists, and ER physicians are familiarized with some of the sexual emergencies in women that called the attention of the medical community. However, the broad spectrum of those disorders is not well-known. Objective 1. Show the magnitude of sexual emergencies in women nationally and internationally. 2. Describe how they can vary according with the place, culture, and societies. 3. To learn the methods of diagnosis and treatment of these ample variety of conditions. Methods Based on the multiple cases seen in the ER of our facility, an extensive review of the literature was done, and the cases are presented to show the magnitude, variety, and diversity of cases in the different areas of the medical field. Results The review includes: I. The common coital emergencies in neurology (benign coital headache, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral bleeding, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral vascular accidents), urology (ureterovesical foreign bodies, obstructive uropathies), cardiology (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction), gynecology (vaginal lacerations and/or evisceration and death with/without previous gynecological surgeries), obstetrical (postpartum dyspareunia secondary or not to episiotomy or vaginal lacerations; postcoital preterm labor), immunological (local or systemic, anaphylactic allergic reactions). II. Common autoerotic emergencies in gastroenterology (foreign objects in rectum, vagina, oropharyngeal/mandibular lesions), as well as “body packers” cases (swallowed latex balloons for smuggling in the GI tract, rectum, or vagina). III. Sexual assault IV. Sexual dysfunction: Hyperactive arousal disorders (compulsive hunt for orgasms with/without attempt or real suicide, hypersexuality related to SSRI use). V. Sociosexual issues: Killings for jealousy during sex, infidelity, castration like Lorena Bobbitt case. Conclusions The epidemiology of these pathologies varies from country to country, and state to state, and includes women of any age, race, religion, and culture. Finally, a review of these diagnostic methods and treatment are presented. Disclosure No

Feline urethral obstruction secondary to a ballistic foreign object

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, male neutered, domestic shorthair cat was presented for stranguria, abnormal behaviour and azotaemia. A diagnosis of urethral obstruction was made based on a firm and painful urinary bladder that could not be expressed. Diagnostic workup, inclusive of bloodwork, urinalysis, urine culture and abdominal radiographs, revealed an intraluminal ballistic foreign object. A urinary tract infection was also diagnosed, suspected to be secondary to the ballistic foreign object. A cystotomy was performed and a metallic pellet was removed from the bladder lumen, with no overt signs of a penetrating injury appreciated on evaluation of the body wall and urinary bladder. Clinical signs resolved after surgical intervention, with normal urination appreciated at home after discharge. Urinary obstruction and infection secondary to an intraluminal foreign body is an unusual aetiology for a common feline presenting complaint, and diagnostic imaging should be strongly considered for any patient with a urinary obstruction.

(448) Sexual Emergencies

Abstract Introduction Urologist, gynecologist, surgeons, sexologists, and ER physicians are familiarized with some of the sexual emergencies that called the attention of everybody. However, the broad spectrum of those disorders is not well-known. Objective 1. Show the magnitude of sexual emergencies in an important hospital of South Florida. 2. Show the magnitude of sexual emergencies nationally and internationally. 3. Describe how they can vary according with the place, culture, and societies. 4. To learn the methods of diagnosis and treatment of these ample variety of conditions. Methods Based on the multiple cases seen in our ER in Hialeah Hospital in Miami, Florida, extensive review of the literature was done, and the cases are presented to show the magnitude, variety, and diversity of cases in the different areas of the medical field. Results The review includes: I. The common coital emergencies in neurology (benign coital headache, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral bleeding, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral vascular accidents), urology (penile fracture, priapism, preputial tears, penile vessel rupture, penile strangulation, penile necrosis, ureterovesical foreign bodies, epididymitis., obstructive uropathies), cardiology (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction), gynecology (vaginal laceration and/or evisceration with/without previous gynecological surgeries), obstetrical (postpartum dyspareunia secondary or not to episiotomy or vaginal lacerations; postcoital preterm labor), immunological (local or systemic, anaphylactic allergic reactions). II. Common autoerotic emergencies in gastroenterology (foreign objects in rectum, vagina, oropharyngeal/mandibular lesions), as well as “body packers” cases (swallowed latex balloons for smuggling in the GI tract, rectum, or vagina). III. Sexual assault IV. Sexual dysfunction: Hyperactive arousal disorders (compulsive hunt for orgasms with/without attempt or real suicide, hypersexuality related to SSRI use). V. Sociosexual issues: Killings for jealousy during sex, infidelity, castration like Lorena Bobbitt case. gynecologicalgynecological Conclusions The epidemiology of these pathologies varies from country to country and includes subjects of any age, sex, race, religion, and culture. Finally, a review of these diagnostic methods and treatment are presented. Disclosure No

"The Contact Zone": Power relations in visual representation of foreign lands, people and objects

"The Contact Zone": Power relations in visual representation of foreign lands, people and objects