Foreign Non-governmental Organizations Research Articles

Information Services of Fundraising Organisations’ Internet Portals

The purpose of the research is to make an information and analytical review and characterise the typical information services of Internet portals used by fundraising organisations in Ukraine and abroad. Research methods. The following general scientific methods were used: systematisation (in the process of selecting the necessary sources of information), generalisation (in the process of defining general concepts that highlight the main features), formal-logical method (in the process of studying the structure and classification of portals), method of systematic analysis of information (in the process of reviewing Ukrainian and foreign experience of the functioning of typical web portals), descriptive method. The scientific novelty of the research is to determine the differences between a website and a web portal; to generalise (based on the results of the analytical monitoring) and to highlight typical information services of fundraising web portals and their functional features that are actively used by domestic and foreign fundraising organisations. Conclusions. The results of the study conclude that Ukrainian fundraising organisations, using benchmarking methods, are actively studying the experience of foreign institutions working in the social sphere and gradually introducing and developing fundraising in the Ukrainian Internet segment. Today, domestic and foreign fundraising activities are carried out through a large number of relevant Internet portals. The relevance of utilizing Internet portals is driven by the fact that an informational web portal contributes to greater transparency of processes occurring within civil society. Moreover, the functional capabilities of Internet technologies help to establish joint work and highlight the activities of both domestic and foreign non-governmental organisations in the digital environment. The research results indicate that the development of the Internet portal market and the constant demand for such services are driving developers to expand the functionality of typical information services and tools that help organisations create user-oriented digital content management capabilities, mobile support, etc. In general, the ratio of the number of foreign and Ukrainian fundraising web portals shows that domestic fundraising is becoming more active and popular in the form of patronage, sponsorship and support through grants, donations, material and information resources, etc. through online portals. It is digital tools and technologies that make it possible for such organisations to remain relevant, with a range of information services and services that are constantly growing and becoming more customer-oriented.

Factors Influencing Climate Information Access of the Farmers in Hiran Region, Somalia

Purpose: Like other poor states and post-conflict countries, Somalia faces significant challenges in achieving the SDGs, particularly concerning food security. Because agricultural productivity is compromised, it immediately and significantly jeopardizes the nation's food security. Adapting to climate change can maximize its benefits and lessen many of its horrendous side effects. However, Somalia does not address or cover farmers' access to climatic information, which is important when organizing policy responses. This study's goal was to assess the variables that affect farmers in Somalia's Hiran region's ability to obtain climate information.
 Methodology: The target population of this study was smallholder farmers in the Hiran region, particularly in the Baladweyn and Bulaburte districts. Both purposive and random sampling were utilized. A questionnaire was used to gather data from 222 randomly chosen smallholder farmers as part of a survey research design. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to test the data using STATA and SPSS. The data was presented using tables and figures.
 Findings: Most farmers (78%) had access to climate information. The most common sources of information on climate crises were radio (95%), agricultural extension agents (80%), and firsthand observation (75%). Gender (p = 0.020), marital status (p = 0.036), education level (p = 0.047), farm size (p = 0.000), distance to the market (p = 0.000), and support from local and international agencies (p = 0.013) had a significant correlation with farmers access to climate information. The report advised Somalia's federal government and regional and foreign non-governmental organizations to proceed with intervention plans, focusing particularly on variables that were identified.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: Study outcomes contribute significant information to policymakers, professionals, and the federal government of Somalia to develop policies and regulations that are relevant to the farmer's needs to adapt to the negative impacts of climate crises. It will also lead to necessary coordination among different climate actors, stakeholders, and farming communities in the region to fill any climate information gap. This will finally allow farmers to access well-timed and dependable information regarding climate disasters.

To the definition of the concept of «public formation»

The article is devoted to the legal nature of public formation and the problem of determining the appropriate definition. The essence of public formation as an independent institution of public society is analyzed. A comparison and comparison of the concepts «participant in civil relations» and «public formation» was carried out. The definition of public formation and types of public formations given in the sectoral regulatory legal act: the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Formations» – political parties, public associations, professional unions and their associations – is characterized, creative unions, permanent arbitration courts, employers’ organizations and their associations, separate divisions of foreign non-governmental organizations, representative offices, branches of foreign charitable organizations. A conclusion was drawn on the division of public formations into those that have the status of a legal entity, and public formations that do not have the status of a legal entity. It is noted that there are such terms synonymous by their legal nature in the field of accounting of public entities as «state registration», «legalization» and «accreditation». The information on the types of public formations that must be entered into the Unified register of public formations – an electronic database containing information on the relevant legalization (registration) – has been analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that we are talking about political parties; NGOs; trade unions, trade union organizations; employers’ organizations, associations of employers’ organizations; all-Ukrainian, local associations of credit unions; charitable organizations: all-Ukrainian, international, local charitable organizations, branches, branches, representative offices of all-Ukrainian, international charitable organizations; creative unions; Chambers of Commerce and Industry: Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regional Chambers of Commerce and Industry; permanent arbitration courts; associations of local self-government bodies. Since the current national legislation does not contain a definition of public formation, based on the results of the research, such a definition of public formation is proposed as an organization that is created and functions in order to satisfy various public rights and interests.

Transcending Space, Time and Culture through Intercultural Musical Dialogue

In recent years, the creative industry in Kenya has seen a rise in consumption of art from other countries. This is due to the influence of global and modern trends on local media and the Kenyan audience. Consequently, various stakeholders in the artistic domain have taken personal initiatives to advocate for the production, performance and airing of local art to promote Kenyan content. They strive to appeal to the public’s taste, create demand for Kenyan art, and influence the media as well as government broadcasting policies. Musicians in Nairobi (Kenya’s capital city) for instance, elevate Kenyan music by collaborating with local and foreign bars, restaurants, government and non-governmental organisations which sponsor musical events and provide platforms for them to exhibit their music, and that of other artists. They also redefine the country’s urban sound by localising genres from other countries, incorporating indigenous styles from Kenyan ethnic groups, and reworking Kenyan oldies. By doing that, they interact with individuals from different generations, cultures, and geographical spaces, traversing musical and cultural boundaries, and acquiring new audiences. Using in-depth interviews, I explore how these musicians and other stakeholders in Nairobi’s music scene, manage to promote and create demand for Kenyan styles both locally and internationally. Additionally, observing performances, and interacting with some of the audience members aid in interrogating urban genres that transcend time and space, linking and appealing to various cultures while gaining new audiences.

Task-shifting for point-of-care cervical cancer prevention in low- and middle-income countries: a case study from Uganda.

Cervical cancer remains the leading cause of female cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. This is despite cervical cancer being both preventable and curable if detected early and treated adequately. This paper reports on a series of action-research 'cycles' designed to progressively integrate a comprehensive, task-shifted, point-of-care, prevention program in a community-based public health facility in Uganda. The work has been undertaken through a UK-Ugandan Health Partnership coordinated by Knowledge for Change, a UK-registered Charity. The intervention demonstrates the effectiveness of task-shifting responsibility to Community Health Workers combined with the use of Geographic Information Systems to strategically guide health awareness-raising and the deployment of medical devices supporting respectful and sustainable point-of-care screen-and-treat services. The integration of this with public human immunodeficiency virus services demonstrates the ability to engage hard-to-reach 'key populations' at greatest risk of cervical cancer. The findings also demonstrate the impact of external influences including the Results Based Financing approach, adopted by many foreign Non-Governmental Organizations. The model presents opportunities for policy transfer to other areas of health promotion and prevention with important lessons for international Health partnership engagement. The paper concludes by outlining plans for a subsequent action-research cycle embracing and evaluating the potential of Artificial Intelligence to enhance service efficacy.

Divestment Movements over Environmental Issues: The Brazilian Amazon Case

Devastating forest fires in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, one of the most important biomes for Earth’s climate balance, have captured the world’s attention in 2019 and 2020. Foreign governments, non-governmental organizations, and institutional investors pressured Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to act and control the situation. Within this context, institutional investors threatened to divest from companies potentially linked to the wildfires and to sell government bonds, creating a divestment movement. Against this background, this article shows that Bolsonaro’s responses varied for each of the groups criticizing the handling of the environmental situation. It is argued that the Brazilian government adopted a more conciliatory tone and took more concrete actions when responding to institutional investors’ demands, compared to the responses for foreign governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Based on fifteen in-depth interviews conducted in 2021 with professionals involved in this divestment case, the paper concludes that institutional investors played a key role in Bolsonaro’s winning coalition and electoral aspirations. Moreover, the shortage of financial capital due to the COVID-19 pandemic created further incentives for Bolsonaro to avoid conflicts with institutional investors. KEYWORDS: Divestment; Amazon Rainforest; Wildfires; Investors; Climate Change; Brazil; Politics

Issues of international legal regulation of the use of landmine weapons in domestic and foreign literature

The subject of the study is the generalization and analysis of domestic and foreign literature on international humanitarian law, which examines the international legal regulation of the use of landmine weapons, established restrictions and prohibitions on their use, in order to prepare motivated proposals on the possibility of improving the legal mechanism for solving the mine problem in modern conditions. In general, there are a considerable number of publications on the subject under consideration, the subject of which are various aspects of the mine problem. At the same time, the characteristic of the international legal regulation of the use of landmine weapons is often reduced to stating the provisions of Protocol II to the Convention on "Conventional" Weapons and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention). Mainly, there is an opposition of these documents in favor of the Ottawa Convention. With regard to the latter, there are also studies, mostly foreign, very complimentary describing the process of preparation and adoption of the Ottawa Convention, the participation of foreign non-governmental organizations in it. The author's position on this and other issues is stated in the study. For the purposes of generalization and analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors, formal-legal, formal-logical, comparative-legal research methods are used. The novelty of the study is due to its subject. Proposals on the availability of potential, the possibility of further development of international legal regulation of the turnover of landmine weapons are based on the generalization and analysis of the studies presented in the work on two main areas of solving the mine problem - humanitarian demining and the actual regulatory regulation of the turnover of landmine weapons. In the first case, we are talking mainly about using the achievements of scientific and technological progress, the latest developments. The development of the existing regulatory framework for regulating the turnover of mine weapons is associated with a prerequisite for ensuring the complementary nature of the two main treaties – the use of basic definitions in them that have identical content. At the same time, the fact is emphasized that overcoming the crisis of international humanitarian law in general, the implementation, in particular, of relevant initiatives to solve the mine problem, are conditioned by the presence of a real, equivalent alternative to the collective West.

Exclusion by Design: Locating Power in Mansbridge’s Account of Descriptive Representation

A much-circulated image during the Donald Trump administration showed Vice President Mike Pence and members of the Republican House Freedom Caucus discussing the removal of maternity coverage from the Affordable Care Act—with not a single woman or person of color among them. In another image, white men watched approvingly as Trump signed an executive order reinstating the global gag rule, which bans foreign nongovernmental organizations that receive American aid from supporting abortion access. These images contrast with one from early in Joe Biden’s presidency. In his first address to Congress, Biden was backed by two women occupying the second- and third-most-powerful positions in the country, Vice President Kamala Harris and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, respectively. After acknowledging “Madame Speaker, Madame Vice President,” Biden said, “No president ever said those words and it is about time.”

Cultural and Geopolitical Conflicts between the West and Russia: Western NGOs and LGBT Activism

Gender norms and sexuality have become a part of cultural and geopolitical tensions between Russia and the West. In the early 1990s, Russia was ready to embrace Western liberal values welcoming foreign and international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to work in the country. In the last two decades, the Kremlin has started to perceive the promotion of Western liberal ideals across the globe as a sign of imperialism. Putin’s Russia presents itself as an advocate of “traditional values” and a defender of “traditional family”. The rejection of LGBT rights is part of Putin’s narrative of resisting Western liberal dominance. The Kremlin views Western NGOs promoting liberal agenda as actors working to undermine the county’s sovereignty and security. The paper analyses the role of foreign and international (Western) NGOs in Russian LGBT activism. It discusses how changes in geopolitical orientation and foreign policy that Russia has experienced in the post-Soviet period affected the connections between Russian LGBT activists and Western donors.

Prospective areas of improvement of forensic expert activity based on international experience

The article identifies the main promising directions for the improvement of forensic expert activity based on the analysis of current criminal procedural legislation, scientific sources, as well as the practical performance of this activity in foreign countries. It is highlighted that the European integration of Ukraine necessitates the adoption of world standards in the field of forensic examination.
 In the modern world there is a fairly large number of specialised international organisations, whose work is related to international cooperation in the field of activities of forensic institutions, conducting certain types of expert research. Among them the European Network of Forensic Institutes (ENFSI) has significant importance. In addition to the general work in the field of quality and competence management, research and development, education and training, 17 different expert working groups deal with various forensic researches. It includes 54 expert institutions, 41 of which are located in the member states of the European Union. Therefore, the European Commission has recognised ENFSI as a monopoly organisation in the field of forensic examination.
 Recently, Ukrainian forensic expert institutions have been closely cooperating with ENFSI. This can be seen in the example of the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (KNDISE), which maintains close international relations with scientific establishments, educational institutions of foreign countries, international and non-governmental organisations. KNDISE became a member of ENFSI in 2017.
 It was concluded that the task of an expert in any country is the same - to conduct a certain type of examination that will help resolve a legal dispute or simply a conflict situation using his special knowledge. Of course, each state has its own legal system, historically developed legal traditions, but forensic expert activity is based on common, first of all, scientific principles and methods. What is important in this activity is the establishment of cooperation and the exchange of acquired experience and technologies, the search for new ways and approaches to interaction.

KORRUPSIYA VA MANFAATLAR TO‘QNASHUVINING OLDINI OLISHDA KOMPLAENS NAZORAT TIZIMINING O‘RNI (DAVLAT VA XUSUSIY SEKTOR MISOLIDA)

This article discusses the positive achievements and mechanisms for overcoming corruption and conflicts of interest-based on the requirements for modern civil servants and provides a detailed analysis of the implementation of internal control systems. The system of complex control and its capabilities, its historical development and its role in preventing corruption and conflicts of interest are scientifically investigated. The positive experience and opportunities for the implementation of the complex control system in foreign countries, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations have been analyzed through national and foreign literature. Through the analysis of normative and legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the tasks set for the introduction of a comprehensive control system, the current situation and legal gaps are studied on the example of the public and private sectors. The external factors to be taken into account in the implementation of the complex control system, and the possible risks have been studied on the basis of scientific sources. Based on national and foreign experience, scientific proposals and conclusions of scientists, opinions, suggestions, and recommendations on the effective organization of a comprehensive control system in the prevention of corruption and conflicts of interest in the country were put forward.

The (un)intended Effects of Regulatory Burden on Policy Effectiveness: The Case of Regulations Targeting NGOs

Existing studies see foreign donors as (a) brokers between sustainable development goals (SDGs) and aid-recipient countries’ needs, or (b) intruders into aid-recipient countries’ internal affairs. The intruder view has triggered regulations of NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) in aid-recipient countries. However, little is known, empirically, about how foreign donors respond to regulatory burden. We suggest regulatory burden adds uncertainty and turbulence to the operating context, negatively affecting government effectiveness in securing aid. This negative effect is moderated by the number of foreign donors operating in a jurisdiction. Propositions are tested in a data set derived from the 221 Ecuadorian municipalities during 2007-2018. Findings suggest regulations of NGOs have decreased municipalities’ ability to secure international cooperation. This negative effect is larger in municipalities with a higher presence of donor supply. These results encourage policy makers to consider counterproductive costs of overregulating foreign NGOs and other civil society organizations when designing regulatory tools.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ УГРОЗ ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

The article analyzes the main sources of threats of extremism in modern Russia. Research methods: analytical method, survey method, induction. The relevance of the topic under study is based on the need for a systematic analysis of the main sources of threats to extremist activity due to its constant transformation and modification. The article also discusses approaches to the definition of extremism. The issue of the current state of the struggle and counteraction to extremism in modern conditions in the Russian Federation is investigated. Practical examples of the implementation of the fight against extremism on the example of the Donbass and other precedents are presented. A detailed analysis of the popularization of extremism through the ISIL terrorist group banned in the Russian Federation has been carried out. Conclusions are drawn regarding the possible directions of threats to the RF from extremist groups as a source of undermining national security. The results of the article are based on the fact that a major threat to Russia and its population is the activities of some foreign non-profit non-governmental organizations that, under the guise of public activities and solving social problems by such organizations, spread extremist ideology.

«Non -governmental organization» vs. «social organizations»: to the issue of the ratio

The article raises the question of the correlation between the concepts of « non-governmental organization » and « social organization » . The development of civil society, which has taken place in Ukraine since 2014, as well as its mobilization, which has become a response to the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, demonstrates that it is effective and gives big support to the state in difficult times. Social organizations in Ukraine and foreign non-governmental organizations make a significant contribution, both to combat aggression and to combat its consequences. It is clear that after the victory, taking into account the process of integration into the European Union, many participants in the social and political life of the world will be involved in the process of rebuilding Ukraine, including non-governmental organizations. That is why the issue of them and their activities have a significant relevance nowadays because we need to work today on the development of effective mechanisms for mobilizing as many participants in the world’s social and political life as possible to restore the country. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to resolve the issue of the correlation between non-governmental organizations and social organizations, as well as to put forward ideas for further improvement of Ukrainian legislation in the field. It seems that their resource and opportunities can be used in the post-war restoration of Ukraine, and therefore it is necessary to review national legislation on the issue. It is seen that the starting point in this process is to revise the points of view about non-governmental organizations and how they correlate with similar Ukrainian entities of social organizations. Through the study of the provisions of the Council of Europe and the Law of Ukraine « On Social Associations » , through the prism of the features of non-governmental organizations and social organizations, which are specified in these normative acts, the author concludes that they are equal. Despite the existence of some differences, the most important features such as voluntariness, self-government, and non-commerciality are peculiar to each of them. Therefore, it is possible to conditionally put a sign of equality between non-governmental organizations and social organizations. The author also emphasizes that under modern conditions there is a need to review the current Ukrainian legislation, which regulates the specified area in order to develop new mechanisms of cooperation of social organizations with the state, which should be the subject of further scientific developments.

Permanently Repealing the Global Gag Rule Will Internationally Advance Reproductive and Sexual Health

The Global Gag Rule bans foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that receive U.S. global health assistance funding from providing abortion services and referrals, advocating for abortion rights, or funding other organizations that provide abortion-related services. The rule presents a double bind: if NGOs elect to continue providing abortion-related care, they must forgo U.S. funding, requiring them to roll back services across the board. This reduces access to contraceptives, family planning resources, and maternal and child healthcare. The alternate option is to shut down abortion-related care to retain U.S. funding. Thus, the rule is ineffective in its purpose as it creates barriers to comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare, leading to increases in unintended pregnancies, abortions, and newborn and maternal death rates. In addition, restricted funding has negative implications for HIV/AIDS and reproductive cancer screening and treatment. The rule is currently implemented and repealed by each incoming president using executive orders. The United States Congress should pass the Global Health, Empowerment, and Rights Act and repeal the Helms Amendment. This will permanently revoke the Global Gag Rule and reduce unintended pregnancies, abortions, and child and maternal mortality rates across the world.

An economic model to assess the effectiveness of economic cooperation between Ukraine and international non-government organization

This study aimed to develop an econometric model for assessing the effectiveness of economic international cooperation between Ukraine and international non-governmental organizations. Based on the cognitive modeling method, the key indicators of the model influencing the socio-economic development of Ukraine were determined. With the cognitive map's help, the links' qualitative characteristics have been identified and argued between the socio-economic indicators of the country's development and the amount of funding attracted from foreign non-governmental organizations. The direction of influence between the indicators of socio-economic development and the volume of investment was determined using economic laws and expert assessments with the involvement of 35 professional experts. The scenario analysis made it possible to analyze the changes in the country's socio-economic development due to changes in the size and structure of investment funds receiving from international non-governmental organizations.

ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE INDEPENDENCE YEARS: OBSTACLES, EXPERIENCE, AND ACTIVITIES

In Uzbekistan, at present, there are more than 9,000 non-governmental non-profit organizations in the country, as well as branches and representative offices of 29 international and foreign non-governmental organizations. In 2017, non-governmental non-profit organizations such as the Nuroniy Foundation, the Youth Union, the Council of Farmers, Dehkan Farms and Landowners of Uzbekistan, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Republican Council for Coordination of Self-Government Bodies Special decrees and resolutions were adopted to improve the activities of organizations and support them1. While helping to ensure a balance of interests in society, non-governmental organizations play a worthy role in governing the state and society. Currently, significant work is being done in Uzbekistan to develop civil society. It should be noted that the activity of civil society institutions in all spheres of public life is growing. The author tried to investigate the field training in the Surkhandarya region, the south part of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The “Culture Wars” go global: Three cases of religious conflict in foreign policy

Religious identities based on both religious tradition and religious commitment have been increasingly influential in domestic U.S. politics for several decades, but the assumption remains that such identities are mostly unrelated to foreign policy. The authors suggest that domestic political incentives to expand the culture wars have combined with other trends, including the increasing use of unilateral executive power in foreign policy, to create an environment in which policymakers increasingly are tempted to make foreign policy based on domestic political incentives. Three case studies are highlighted: the “Mexico City” policy requiring foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) receiving U.S. aid money to pledge not to provide or educate about abortion, moving the U.S. embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, and efforts in the Trump administration to ban travel to the United States from majority-Muslim nations.

La producción del espacio social en la Amazonía brasileña a través de las represas hidroeléctricas: El caso del conflicto de Belo Monte

Durante las últimas décadas en Brasil se ha producido un incremento significativo de los conflictos hidrosociales a causa de la construcción de grandes complejos hidroeléctricos. Esta extensión de grandes proyectos de carácter extractivista en la región amazónica, sobre todo a partir de finales de la década de los años ochenta del siglo pasado, han conllevado todo un conjunto de transformaciones en las relaciones sociales, productivas y reproductivas, de cara avanzar en mecanismos para la integración regional y nacional, así como para la superación de crisis de acumulación propias de la escala global. Entre todos, por su trascendencia y dilatación en el tiempo, probablemente el que más destaca es el de la represa de Belo Monte en el río Xingú, próximo a la ciudad de Altamira. En él se ven involucrados una multiplicidad de actores (comunidades indígenas, campesinos, pescadores, el estado, Eletrobras, constructoras, instituciones supranacionales, etc) cuya disputa por el acceso a los recursos hídricos supone una modificación de la configuración de las relaciones de poder que se dan en el territorio. Este artículo, además de analizar el recorrido espacio-temporal de dicho conflicto, se propone dos objetivos adicionales. Por un lado la elaboración de un marco teórico, que conjugue las perspectivas de la producción de la naturaleza, la producción del espacio y la construcción de la escala, que pueda ser aplicado al análisis de conflictos ambientales que tienen lugar en el Sur Global. Por otro lado, y en consecuencia, a través de su empleo en el estudio de este caso particular, determinar las fortalezas y debilidades que presenta para su uso en futuros trabajos similares. De cara a ello se plantea una metodología basada en la revisión bibliográfica y el uso tanto de fuentes primarias como secundarias, mediante las cuales se puedan extraer y analizar el conjunto de prácticas, representaciones y relaciones que dan forma al conflicto en sí mismo. A su vez, el artículo se divide en cuatro partes principales: el planteamiento de articulación entre las distintas categorías y aspectos de los planteamientos teóricos para su uso en el estudio de caso; el análisis del desarrollo espacio-temporal del conflicto, desde el inicio de la planificación del proyecto hasta día de hoy; en tercer lugar se explica y detalla el papel de los actores hegemónicos en el avance de la construcción del complejo hidroeléctrico; y en última instancia se lleva a cabo la misma operación pero con los actores subalternos implicados. De entre los resultados obtenidos, destaca cómo este proyecto a nivel particular, y los macroproyectos hidroeléctricos en general en la región, han sido fundamentales para la integración económica en el marco de la extensión de las relaciones de producción capitalistas y los mecanismos para la acumulación a través de la realización del plusvalor, derivando resistencias ante este proceso de extracción. Así mismo, la perspectiva interescalar y la de la producción del espacio muestran potencialidades como marco para el estudio de conflictos ambientales, mientras que el de la producción de la naturaleza lo hace de manera parcial.

Foreign ideology vs. national priority: impacts of the US Global Gag Rule on Nepal’s sexual and reproductive healthcare system

In recent decades, bold steps taken by the government of Nepal to liberalise its abortion law and increase the affordability and accessibility of safe abortion and family planning have contributed to significant improvements in maternal mortality and other sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. The Trump administration’s Global Gag Rule (GGR) – which prohibits foreign non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from receiving US global health assistance unless they certify that they will not use funding from any source to engage in service delivery, counselling, referral, or advocacy related to abortion – threatens this progress. This paper examines the impact of the GGR on civil society, NGOs, and SRH service delivery in Nepal. We conducted 205 semi-structured in-depth interviews in 2 phases (August–September 2018, and June–September 2019), and across 22 districts. Interview participants included NGO programme managers, government employees, facility managers and service providers in the NGO and private sectors, and service providers in public sector facilities. This large, two-phased study complements existing anecdotal research by capturing impacts of the GGR as they evolved over the course of a year, and by surfacing pathways through which this policy affects SRH outcomes. We found that low policy awareness and a considerable chilling effect cut across levels of the Nepali health system and exacerbated impacts caused by routine implementation of the GGR, undermining the ecology of SRH service delivery in Nepal as well as national sovereignty.