Foreign Grants Research Articles

Shifting Paradigms: Exploring the Tapestry of Global Assistance and Its Resonance within Nigeria's Fiscal Framework"

This study critically explores the Tapestry of Global Assistance and Its Resonance within Nigeria's Fiscal Framework from 1981 to 2021, the study objectively explored the degree to which various forms of foreign aid—such as official development assistance, foreign grants, and technical aid—impact public expenditure growth within a shifting economic paradigm. Employing statistical measures such as the Coefficient of Determination (R²), F-statistics, and the Durbin-Watson statistic. Incorporating variables such as foreign technical cooperation (FTECH), foreign grants (FGRANT), official development assistance (FODA), multilateral foreign aids (MFAID), and exchange rates (EXR), the study employs time-series data from the World Bank Development Indicators and a modified regression approach. The analysis seeks to delineate the complex dynamics between external financial inputs and internal fiscal outcomes over the period from 1981 to 2021. The findings reveal a nuanced landscape where foreign aid, though impactful, does not singularly dictate fiscal changes, suggesting a need for broader, more inclusive economic strategies that leverage both external and internal resources. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests confirm the stationarity of these variables, validating their reliability in modeling economic impacts. The ARDL bound test results indicate no long-term sustainable relationship between foreign aid components and public expenditure growth, pointing to a more nuanced interaction between foreign aid inflows and Nigeria’s fiscal strategies, whether expansive or restrictive.

Overseas Capital Streams and Economic Growth Nexus: Pragmatic Insights from Nepal

The objective of the present research is to ascertain the impact of foreign capital inflows, including grants, loans, remittances, and income from tourism, on the economic growth of Nepal. This study utilizes secondary data acquired from several Nepalese economic surveys and World Bank reports. The data consists of 35 data points spanning from the fiscal years 1987/88 to 2021/22. The link between foreign capital inflows and GDP growth in Nepal is examined using fundamental statistical approaches like quantile regression, trace and Max-Eigen cointegration tests, and descriptive statistics. The results show that Nepal's grants, debt, foreign remittances, tourism earnings, and GDP growth co-integrate over the long term. Notably, 80.5 percent of Nepal's GDP growth fluctuation is accredited to foreign grants, loans, remittances, and tourism income. While foreign loans and grants are not statistically significant in and of themselves to measure GDP growth, foreign remittances and tourism income are. For every percentage increase in the median value of remittance and tourism income, the GDP grows by 0.251 and 0.816 percent, respectively. More revenue from tourism than from remittances goes towards Nepal's economic growth. Legislators can, therefore, enact suitable measures to encourage the expansion of the tourism industry

Effect of Tax Revenue and Foreign Grants on Government Activities: A Study in Nepalese Perspective

This study aims to examine the impact of previous years’ government expenditure, tax revenue, and foreign grants on determining Nepal's government activities or expenditures. The secondary data from used in the analysis. It includes 48 data points from 1974/75 to 2021/22, collected from the publication of Nepal Rastra Bank and economic surveys of Nepal. The descriptive and exploratory research designs are used in this study. Some statistical and econometric tools like descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and residual analysis are used in this study. The previous expenditure determines the present government activities. Tax revenue, foreign grants, and previous years’ government expenditures are individually and jointly significant in determining the government expenditure. One unit increase in tax revenue and foreign grants resulted in a 0.177 and 0.046 unit increase in government expenditure in Nepal, respectively. 86.5 percent variation in government activities is determined by the previous year's government expenditure, tax revenue, and foreign grants. The positive impact of tax revenue is more than foreign grants on spending government activities. So, the policymakers must prioritize measures that increase domestic tax revenue.

Protection of lands in Ukraine: scientific and management solutions in the conditions of military actions

The research by the authors reveals that after the legislative definition of land protection content in Ukraine, neither scientific nor managerial support for the implementation of the defined tasks has been organized. To date, land protection standards have not been developed, and neither land planning nor economic instruments are being implemented. Furthermore, the situation concerning land protection has deteriorated due to ongoing military actions on Ukraine's territory. During research, the authors calculated the amount of damage from soil pollution according to the Methodology proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine dated 04.04.2022 No. 167. According to the calculations, the amount of damage to 1 hectare of arable land contaminated with petroleum products will be 506 thousand UAH/ha, while the norm for the Kyiv region as of December 18, 2023 is 2,362 thousand UAH/ha, which is 4.66 times higher. The authors proposed approach to assessing the damage caused to land resources that were damaged by military actions on the regional territories and for territorial communities. Furthermore, it has been observed that for carrying out restoration works to eliminate the consequences of armed aggression and combat actions in the respective territories of Ukraine, there remains an important task of scientifically substantiated development and adoption of relevant regulatory and methodological documents. It is proposed to determine pilot projects and foreign grants for their development.

Cultural Values and Behaviors of the Dayak and Malay Communities in the Social Forestry Program in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan

This article explores the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities in supporting the Social Forestry Program in the Northern Kapuas Hulu Forest Management Unit (FMU), Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. The research aims to understand the cultural values and behaviors of the Dayak and Malay communities that can significantly contribute to the success of the social forestry program. The research method involves literature review and in-depth interviews with traditional community figures and experts in community engagement. The study was conducted under the Foreign Grant Project from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Data for the research was collected from 2021 to 2022. The main findings of this research include the necessity of high respect for the Dayak community's ancestors and an understanding of the key role of traditional figures in determining the program's success. The results of the social forestry program applications in three villages in Northern Kapuas Hulu FMU, including three schemes: Customary Forest, Village Forest, and Conservation Partnership, were approved covering a total of 16,031 Ha and benefiting 729 indigenous family households, including 228 women. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of aligning social forestry schemes with community preferences and gaining full support from the Chief of the Adat. Intensive consultation processes are required to obtain community support, while a deep understanding of local culture and interaction with forest resources is crucial for success.

Improving the publication activity of Ukrainian scientists: problems, solutions, the use of mathematical and statistical methods

Many Ukrainian and foreign scholars have been studying the problems of financing scientific activities for a long time. Moreover, such issues are even raised in the works of scholars from developed Western countries. The range of such studies is extremely wide: from analysing problems and violations of the above-mentioned principles of law to modelling innovative grant support systems, including those that model an equal and fair system. Foreign scientists mostly focus on the specifics of grant provision and its impact, improvement and innovation of the financial resource allocation system in the field of science, etc. In Ukraine, the vast majority of research is concerned with the comparative characteristics of the share of the gross domestic product allocated to science funding, general problems of international cooperation with foreign grant providers, improvement of the system of financial resources allocation in the field of science, etc. Unfortunately, no attention has been paid to specific mechanisms of rewarding publications in leading foreign scientific journals. This issue is no less important, since individual support for publication activity is a powerful “lever of encouragement” for researchers and academic staff, which directly affects the results of a particular institution in the chain of international and national rankings. In addition, such support contributes to the development of science, scientific and technological progress, and raises the country’s rating in the international arena.
 The article is devoted to the formulation of possible ways of solving the problem of proper State support and funding for publications of Ukrainian scholars in leading foreign professional journals in accordance with the following criteria: equal rights and opportunities to receive funding for publications in foreign professional journals from the State, regardless of age, gender, race, nationality, religious beliefs, social and property status, place of work, research topic, etc. funding for foreign professional publications is provided only to the scientist personally without the mediation of the institution where he/she works or third parties in order to increase his/her scientific efficiency and quality, to popularize Ukrainian science and to attract competitive international professionals to science; the funding of foreign professional publications should be set transparently.
 The mechanism for calculating the relevant funding has been formed. The definitions of the concepts “mechanism of state support and financing of publications of Ukrainian scientists in foreign professional journals included in leading international databases”, “leading international databases” and “foreign professional journal” have been proposed. The article analyses the publication activity (1996–2022) of Ukrainian scientists in scientific journals indexed in the international scientometric database Scopus.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EASTERN STATES OF INDIA

This study examines a comparative analysis of the trend and pattern of healthcare expenditure in four major eastern states of India. The study is completely built on secondary sources of data from 1991 to 2020 taken from the RBI Database, the World Bank Database and various governmental reports. The study has used descriptive statistics, Log-linear regression, least square trend and graphical methods for analysis. This study shows the percentage share of total health expenditure to GSDP has an increasing trend. According to the regression analysis, health spending has a strong favourable effect on GSDP in the four eastern states of India. A rise in the state of health helps to accomplish the maximum productive capacity of human capital and thereby increase the productivity of market structure. So, sound health plays an significant role in the economic growth and development of a nation. This paper makes the case that governments should take immediate steps to produce alternative income from different sources including foreign grants and alternative tax revenue. KEY WORDS: Economic growth, Health- Expenditure, Regression, Time series

Assessment of Government Policies, Farm Subsidies, and Agriculture Growth

Political ideology serves as the nexus that intertwines various aspects of farming policy formulation, subsidy distribution, foreign grants, and the growth rate of the agricultural sector. This article takes a comprehensive look at the intricate relationship between People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD) and the development of farmer-centric policy formulation, the different types of farm subsidies, and their allocation. This examination is conducted by evaluating the various categories of agricultural funding projects and their outcomes, as well as analyzing the performance of the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP). The descriptive findings of this study illuminate the direct influence of PMPD in shaping pro-farmer policy formulations. Farmers have been benefiting from moderate-level input subsidies designed to facilitate the acquisition of capital assets for the promotion of agricultural technology. These subsidies are sourced from both regular government funds and donor-supported initiatives that have been executed over varying periods. The average subsidy rate remains below 50%, contingent upon its intended purpose. Despite the positive political support, the AGDP has consistently hovered around the 3% mark throughout different development plans. It’s worth noting that not only PMPD but also other political paradigms such as the Panchayat system or multi-party democracy have significantly propelled economic growth. This underscores the need for renewed endeavors to leverage farmer’s equity funds, the government’s routine budget, loans, and grant funds. This study recommends the establishment of a collaborative platform involving farmers, the government, financial institutions, and donors, to successfully execute a growth-oriented business plan. Additionally, the study strongly advocates for three major investments: the establishment of fertilizer manufacturing facilities, hybrid seed production projects, and the creation of a resource center. These investments are crucial for the enhancement of key agricultural value chains.

ВИКОНАННЯ МІСЦЕВИХ БЮДЖЕТІВ У ПЕРІОД ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: НОВІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТА ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ

Local budgets are one of the important components of the national budget system and the country as a whole. They have a significant impact on the solution of national tasks of an economic and social nature, including: financing of industry, energy, agro-industrial complex, infrastructure development, as well as the spheres of health care, education and social protection. The full-scale Russian invasion became a global challenge of modern times for Ukraine, which affected all economic processes of both the country and each individual component. Due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation, local budgets faced the problem of not receiving planned revenues, which became a threat to the implementation of the powers defined by the law. The article is devoted to the topical issues of determining the current state and peculiarities of the implementation of local budgets in the period of economic challenges. Implementation of the state budget for 2022 was analyzed. The growth of incomes, expenses and deficit is determined. The reason for this was military aggression, because foreign grants played a significant role in the formation of budget revenues in 2022, and the largest percentage of financial resources was directed to protection and defense. On the example of Lviv Oblast, the structure of local budget revenues and expenditures was analyzed, and changes in their volumes were considered. Attention is focused on the items of income and expenses that have experienced the greatest reduction and the reasons for the negative dynamics are investigated. Expenditures of local budgets most vividly reflect their importance in the functioning of the local economy, the maintenance of social and cultural objects, the implementation of investment policy, the implementation of social protection of the population, and environmental protection. They reflect the same socio-economic relations as the State budget expenditures, but at the local level and taking into account regional features. It is also highlighted that, despite difficult forecasted circumstances, local self-government bodies are working to attract and increase financial resources, create new jobs, and grow revenues to the budget. This, in turn, will make it possible to quickly adapt to new challenges and ensure the proper level of performance of assigned powers.

The Effectiveness of the Support to Development of the Islamic Higher Education Project in Improving the Quality of Education

This study aims to explore the Support to Development of the Islamic Higher Education Project (SDIHE) in an effort to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Higher Educations (PTKIs). This research is a policy research conducted at UIN Sumatera Utara, UIN Raden Fatah, UIN Walisongo and UIN Mataram. It employs exploratory descriptive analysis which explains the SDIHE phenomenon. The results show that SDIHE which is run by PTKIs (UIN Sumatera Utara, UIN Raden Fatah, UIN Walisongo and UIN Mataram) through curriculum development and expert training programs is effective in improving the quality of PTKIs. SDIHE has an impact on increasing the ranking of these universities globally and locally. This shows an increase in the performance of PTKIs. There has been no research on the effectiveness and impact of projects from foreign grants in Higher Education that comprehensively discusses quality from the perspective of curriculum development and expert training programs.

Do Foreign Grants and Capital Formation Indeed Impact Economic Growth? An Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

The paper examined how the growth of the foreign grants and the growth of gross fixed capital formation impact the growth of GDP in Bangladesh. We studied the relationships between those variables for a period spanning between 1983 and 2017. The Johansen cointegration test indicated that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. Therefore, by employing a vector error correction model (VECM), we found that previous year’s divergence between the variables adjusted by 69% in the following year. The study also found that both foreign grants, and the gross fixed capital formation had a positive impact on GDP growth in Bangladesh.

Virgin territory

Abstract The British Virgin Islands has recently introduced a substantial number of reforms in relation to trusts and estates. These have been made in addition to those innovations relating to variation, reservation of powers and the jurisdiction’s firewall offering, which are considered in earlier articles in this periodical.1 These further reforms include those enabling foreign grants of representation to be resealed in the jurisdiction, the reintroduction of ‘the old rule in Hastings–Bass’ and refinements to the territory’s highly popular private trust company offering.

KEY ASPECTS AND PRIORITIES OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT FOR UKRAINE

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of affairs of the Ukrainian economy, the legal system, as well as the position on the world political arena, in order to determine the priority steps that should be taken in the post-war period as a priority, as well as the main provisions that should be taken into account already today. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the fundamental provisions of modern science. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: induction and deduction – at the stage of collecting, systematizing and processing the necessary information; analysis and comparison – in the process of identifying the reflection of the current state of affairs of the Ukrainian economy; graphic – for visualization of research results; abstract and logical – for the formation of theoretical conclusions. Results. An analysis of the current state of development of the Ukrainian economy was carried out. The functioning of the legal system of Ukraine in the context of European integration is substantiated. Ukraine's priority steps on the way to post-war reconstruction are outlined. The theoretical foundations were considered and the essential characteristics of the country's reforms on the way to EU membership were systematized: law enforcement agencies, the judicial system, decentralization, the introduction of the Prozorro online public procurement system, etc. The list of necessary procedures for obtaining the status of a candidate for Ukraine in the EU was revealed. Originality. The essence of the implementation of Ukraine's obligations to obtain the status of EU membership has been scientifically substantiated. For the successful post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy, it is proposed to increase the share of foreign grants to 40-50% in 2024‒2026 in the structure of external official financing of the government of Ukraine, which, unlike the existing one, will make it possible to diversify sources of financing. Practical value. Conclusions and proposals based on the results of the research can be used in determining the strategic vector of Ukraine on the way to EU membership. Key words: reforms, reconstruction, post-war period, EU, state policy, institutions, budget

ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

This study attempts to empirically explore the possible relationships of multiple forms of foreign capital inflow i.e., foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign debt, worker remittances, foreign grants, and foreign aid on domestic investment in order to quantify the degree of effectiveness of each form of capital inflow. The context of study is the economic development of Pakistan whilst utilizing the time series data (secondary) over the period of 1980-2020. In order to the association among multiple variables used, correlational research design is used. Granger's causality test was applied in order to check the causal impact of the variables. Hence, to examine the degree of effectiveness of each form of foreign capital inflow on domestic investment, ordinary least square regression model technique is applied. The results of the study reveal that the foreign direct investment is the most contributing factor, as it stimulates the domestic investment in Pakistan. Besides, worker remittances followed by external debt are also significant and positively augments the domestic investment. On the contrary, foreign grants and foreign aid does not facilitate the recipient country in the enhancement of domestic investment but not significant though. However, the policy makers in Pakistan should ensure the conductive and supportive environment in order to attract the foreign direct investment to facilitate foreign investors in a more befitting and appropriate manner.

Financing the SDGs: How Bangladesh May Reshape Its Strategies in the Post-COVID Era?

COVID-19 has acutely arrested the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Internal mobilization of resources got slimmed as the government's expenditure on health and social safety nets have increased. External sources are also constricted owing to the uncertainties over the cross-border investment and economic recovery process of the countries. A government study in 2017 projected that Bangladesh, on average, would need an additional USD 68.83 billion from internal sources and USD 11.03 billion from external sources since 2021 to accomplish its SDGs by 2030. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)forecasting techniques, this paper re-estimated future flows of all SDGs funding sources, e.g., fiscal revenues, private sector investment, non-government organizations (NGOs), public–private partnerships, foreign direct investments, and foreign grant still 2030 under the purview of the COVID-19. Revised allocation estimated by this study reveals that private investment and NGOs would need to contribute higher than the 2017 estimation during 2021–2025 while only private investment needs to be higher during 2026–2030.

Management of Grants in The World of Education

Grants are the provision of money/goods or services from the regional government to other governments, regional companies, the community, and community organizations, whose designations have specifically been determined, are not mandatory and are not binding, and are not continuously aimed at supporting the administration of business affairs. government, or support the achievement of program targets and local government activities in mandatory and optional affairs. While the source of grant funds itself comes from the source of grants. Grants to local governments can be sourced from: a. Government; b. Other local governments; c. Domestic private agency/institution/organization; and D. Domestic community groups/individuals. Grants from the Government can be sourced from: a. APBN revenue; b. Foreign Loans; and/or c. Foreign Grants. Grants from Foreign Loans and Foreign Grants can be sourced from foreign government governments, foreign agencies/institutions, international agencies/institutions, and/or other donors. Grant funds can be a useful additional resource for educational purposes. District/city schools and schools are advised to develop skills in seeking and obtaining grants. But caution is needed so that grant applications are made wisely and strategically. Grants also have obligations to their recipients and these should be considered before applying. The best approach to establishing the grant-seeking process is to ensure that the grant program considered aligns with and supports the school's strategy or school district plan.

AKUNTANSI DAN AKUNTABILITAS NGO: IMPLEMENTASI GLOBAL FUND, BUDAYA MENOLONG, DAN PENGETAHUAN AKADEMISI

Research Purposes. This study aims to produce research on the development of new products of NGO accountability. This study describes the implementation and accounting treatment of foreign grants The Global Fund AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) in Sub Recipient TB Care ‘Aisyiyah Jatim (SR). Research Methods. This study uses qualitative methods with data triangulation instruments. Research Result and Findings. The results showed that GFATM grant accounting process and accountability is very systematic, structured, complete and strict. Accountability can be realized from a helping behavior and providing NGO accounting education from the academic level. The implementation of foreign grant accounting and NGO accountability in this study is very important both empirically and theoretically as a reference for NGO managers, foreign grant activists and new knowledge from academics. Beneficiaries can prepare accounting and accountability of non-profit organizations properly and correctly.

The Effect of Fiscal Policy on the Economic Growth: An Analytical Study, Evidence from Jordan (2005-2020)

The Jordanian economy faces a set of economic challenges, represented by the rise in unemployment rates, the decline in the rates of gross domestic product, and the rise in the general level of prices, which are the most important indicators of economic development. Jordan is considered one of the developing countries with limited resources, and it depends greatly on tax revenues, grants, and foreign subsidies to cover public expenditures. Because of the importance of fiscal policy to correct the economic path, and Jordan's need for an effective fiscal policy to achieve acceptable economic growth and find successful solutions to address poverty, unemployment, declining investment, adjusting public spending levels, and setting tax rates, this study aimed to examine the impact of fiscal policy tools (Tax Revenue, Domestic Revenue, External Debt, Foreign Grants and Total expenditure), on indicators of economic growth in Jordan (GDP, Inflation, and Unemployment), during the period 2005-2020. The study followed the analytical and descriptive approach using statistical programs through a multiple regression model based on historical quarterly data obtained from the statistical database of the Central Bank of Jordan and the Jordanian Department of Statistics during the study period. The most important findings of the analytical results of the study's hypotheses are a statistically significant effect of fiscal policy tools on GDP, inflation, and unemployment with explanatory power (94%, 97%, and 86.6%). Consecutively. This study contributed to finding a model capable of explaining the impact of public financial policy tools on the most important indicators of development in Jordan, by taking into account most of the financial policy tools, so it is expected that the results of this study will contribute to improving the quality of fiscal policy decisions in Jordan.

Pengaruh pendanaan investasi pada proyek konstruksi

The state budget has limitations to meet all infrastructure needs from Sabang to Merauke. As an illustration, based on previous projections by measuring the ability of the 2020-2024 APBN, the government is estimated to be only able to meet 30 percent or around Rp. 623 trillion of the total budget requirement for infrastructure provision of Rp. 2,058 trillion. The remaining 70 percent or IDR 1,435 trillion is then a gap that must be funded from outside the budget, in this case funding from government cooperation with business entities (private investors), BUMN / BUMD, or funding from loans (loans) and foreign grants. The assessment is carried out with the problem approach used, namely an inventory of existing infrastructure project plan data with ongoing project data using investment and loan funding with a qualitative analysis method by producing a description of the data in the form of sentences that are arranged regularly. The results of this study indicate that the source of investment funding and foreign loans (loans) have a large effect and become an alternative to the acceleration of infrastructure development in Indonesia so that the Medium or Long Term Development Plan can be achieved.

Fiscal Responses to Foreign Aid: Does the Permanence of Aid Matter?

Abstract This paper shows that failing to distinguish between permanent (low frequency) and temporary (high frequency) aid results in misleading estimates of the fiscal responses to aid. I focus on foreign grants received by sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1990–2016, and I separately identify the fiscal responses to permanent and temporary foreign aid. Permanent and temporary aid generates fiscal responses that are meaningfully different on the components of expenditure and domestic borrowing. Temporary aid is associated with fiscal adjustments, such as lower domestic borrowing and increasing recurrent expenditure, while permanent aid is associated with higher public investments. Results provide important policy implications regarding the macroeconomic effects of foreign aid and the design of aid programs to developing countries.