Foreign-funded Enterprises Research Articles

Reform of Business English Practice Teaching System Based on OBE Teaching Concept

The practical teaching and theoretical teaching of business English are complementary to each other. It is a teaching mode focusing on cultivating students' comprehensive vocational skills. It not only integrates and connects the basic knowledge of students' majors, and promotes and enhances the comprehensive development of students' various skills. The necessary way to achieve the goal of training professional talents is also the key. In the business English major, 3 English teachers and 70 students were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey, to understand the reality of the school's business English major practical teaching, to find out the problems of the practical teaching and to analyze the causes of the problems. After graduation, 12 students work in self-employed units, accounting for 17.14% of the total; 18 students working in private enterprises, accounting for 25.71% of the total, and 40 students working in foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 57.14% of the total. By constructing an effective practical teaching system, the employability and sustainable development ability of students can be enhanced to achieve the training goals of higher vocational education.

Export of foreign enterprises and quality of domestic enterprises’ export products

Based on the matching data of industrial enterprise database and customs database, this paper investigates the impact of foreign enterprises' export on the quality of domestic enterprises' export products from the perspective of industrial association. The results show that: (1) the export of foreign-funded enterprises can significantly promote the export product quality of domestic enterprises through the horizontal spillover of the same industry and the vertical spillover of inter industry correlation. (2) after further distinguishing domestic enterprises with different ownership and industrial technology levels, it is found that the export of foreign-funded enterprises has a more significant promotion effect on domestic enterprises in private and low-tech industries. Therefore, how to better identify and utilize the export spillover effect of foreign-funded enterprises is of far-reaching significance to promote the quality upgrading of domestic enterprises' export products.

An Analysis of the Demand for Business English Talents in the Context of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ——Based on a Survey of Export-oriented Enterprises in Guangdong

Based on the background of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the questionnaire data was collected from 239 export-oriented enterprises in Guangdong with a view to analyze the demand structure for business English talents through SPSS17.0. The demand structure for business English talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area includes the flowing dimensions: “professional knowledge”, “external communication”, “professional competence” and “professional ethics”. In the city with higher economic level, there is a higher demand for the “professional ethics” of business English talents. State-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises (including Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises, wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have higher requirements for the “professional ethics” dimension of business English talents, while private enterprises have higher requirements for the “external communication” dimension of business English talents. Large enterprises and small and micro enterprises have higher requirements for the “external communication” dimension of business English talents, while medium-sized enterprises have higher requirements for the “professional ethics” of business English talents. Finally this paper puts forward suggestions to the colleges and universities on business English talents’ cultivating.

Learning Effect and Productivity Convergence of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

The main purpose of this paper is to test the production efficiency of different Chinese property industrial enterprises. Based on the large sample panel data of industrial enterprises of the National Bureau of Statistics, we found that although the production efficiency of China-funded enterprises is generally weaker than foreign-funded enterprises, some China-funded enterprises have better learning ability. On the one hand, dynamic analysis found that private enterprises have significant learning ability. On the other hand, the results of convergence analysis show that China’s private enterprises have the potential to gradually catch up with the frontier level of world production efficiency and have better learning ability to catch up potential. And state-owned enterprises tend to be more efficient at the beginning of their establishment, but their productivity is fairly slow to improve, especially for state-owned enterprises with high efficiency sub-samples, so that it’s hard for them to continue improving their efficiency. Institutional analysis found that the marketization process helped the China enterprises to improve their learning ability and China should continue to strengthen the reform of property rights and promote the marketization process.

Resource misallocation, production efficiency and outward foreign direct investment decisions of Chinese enterprises

Resource misallocation, as an essential characteristic of China’s “progressive reform,” has become a significant factor restricting high-quality outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Using the Database of Chinese Industrial Enterprises (2009–2013), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of resource misallocation on OFDI and its heterogeneous characteristics via the Heckman two-stage selection model. This study finds that total factor productivity has a positive influence on expanding investment quantity. In addition, from the perspective of resource misallocation, factor price distortion inhibits the role of productivity in increasing investment propensity. A mechanism analysis indicates that there is no “productivity paradox” in the decision-making process of OFDI in China as a whole; but there may be an investment productivity paradox in foreign-funded enterprises, enterprises in coastal areas, and large-scale enterprises. After controlling for factor price distortions, the productivity paradox disappears. Thus, total factor productivity (TFP) becomes an important factor in promoting OFDI propensity of overseas-funded enterprises, enterprises in coastal areas and large-scale enterprises.

The impact of government environmental information disclosure on enterprise location choices: Heterogeneity and threshold effect test

This paper examines the impact of GEID on enterprise location choices. Based on the quasi natural experiment of pollution source information disclosure in 2008, this paper uses difference in difference model (DID) method. The results show that GEID can attract the location choices of enterprises, which is more attractive to clean enterprises, and has inhibition to polluting enterprises. GEID has a more significant impact on the enterprise location choices in the first and second tier cities and the eastern region, and the attraction of GEID to foreign-funded enterprises is greater. GEID can reduce the location choices by increasing labor cost and public environmental supervision, while GEID can attract enterprises to settle down by improving the business environment and ecological quality. The further threshold test results show that GEID can attract enterprise location as the score of GEID exceeds 23.45, GEID can reduce the location choices of polluting enterprises as the score exceeds 18.29, and GEID will have a higher attraction for clean enterprises as the score exceeds 38.02.

Foreign-Funded Enterprises and Pollution Halo Hypothesis: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Thirty Chinese Regions

China is one of the world’s major environmental polluters, therefore, Chinese environmental efficiency is an issue of global importance. In this study, we aim to identify economic factors affecting environmental efficiency scores in different regions of China from a spatial econometric perspective. We measure environmental efficiency scores, relative to the theoretically consistent production possibilities frontier estimated, according to a novel iterative methodology. As expected, we find that environmental efficiency scores are negatively affected by the prevalence of heavy industry sector in the economy, with a higher share of coal as a source of energy exacerbating the problem. We also find evidence that strongly support the pollution halo hypothesis, which credits foreign-funded enterprises with producing in a more environmentally-friendly way. Surprisingly, we find a negative association between the share of tertiary sectors in a regional economy and environmental efficiency—emphasizing the need to address the indirect effects produced on the environment by the seemingly innocuous sectors, such as the hotel sector. We encourage the creation of foreign-funded enterprises, and support formulating environmental protection policies that consider the indirect effects various economic sectors have on the environment.

Prices, Investment and Energy Efficiency: Evidence from China’s Industrial Firms

By incorporating energy-saving through both technology-embodied investment and embodied investment-specific technical change, as well as disembodied factor-neutral technical change into a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with heterogeneous investment, this paper deepens our understanding of the avenues through which firms adjust to rising energy prices. Using Chinese firm-level data from 1997-2004, we estimate a set of stylized facts regarding how firms of various ownership types respond to energy price changes. Through indirect inference, we then use these stylized facts to recover the key parameters in the DSGE model. The results show that within Chinese industry, in response to rising energy prices, state-owned enterprises, domestic non-state enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises employ significantly different means to achieve their energy efficiency. Such differences can be substantially explained by government policy affecting energy pricing and the cost of investment finance across firms of different ownership types.

Brand communication of intangible elements delivery

ABSTRACT Mission, vision, and purpose are the core intangible elements of a brand, and their delivery plays an important role in shaping a strong and competitive corporate image and reputation. However, how to successfully transmit these elements through written content and a commitment to company stakeholders has been unclear until now. From the perspective of brand image delivery and using a content analysis methodology, this study performs an initial inquiry. By comparing two subsamples on two types of enterprises in the direct selling industry in China and keyword counting in five dimensions, it is found that domestic-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises differ not only in their marketing organization of these brand intangible elements but also in their orientation of transmission. Although the study revealed that these intangible elements are mainly aimed toward employees and recruits, the sharpness of the wording in the content and the degree of keyword focus are different. This paper’s objective was to find the difference in these areas. The findings also show that foreign-funded companies achieve high correlation between the keyword and sales rates as a whole compared with domestic-funded companies.

Sino-US trade war, the principle of competitive neutrality and the reform of China’s state-owned enterprises

The Sino-US trade war has rendered the principle of competitive neutrality a problem essential to solve in China’s current reform. For state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the principle of competitive neutrality is quite a challenging policy and law. Empirical research shows that China’s SOEs have long been in a dominant position in market access and market competition. However, excluding government subsidies and protection, the overall productivity of SOEs is significantly lower than that of foreign-funded enterprises (FFEs) and private enterprises. Fortunately, in the export industry, the general competitiveness of state-owned export enterprises is higher than that of private enterprises, and is almost the same as that of FFEs. Therefore, in order to effectively enhance the competitiveness of SOEs, we must centre on the reform of SOEs and spare no efforts to construct the institutional and social environment of the principle of competitive neutrality.

Composition of motivation profiles at work using latent analysis: theory and evidence.

PurposeDrawing from self-determination theory, the present study aims to identify the structures and functions of work motivation profiles by using a person-centered approach and to explore the relationships between work motivations and different work performances in the workplace.Materials and methodsThe participants in this research are from different provinces in China, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Hebei. The participants work in state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, and public institutions. We contacted the head of the human resources department of the company where the employee was located, and then the human resources supervisor sent the questionnaire to the relevant employees for data collection. In Study 1, we obtained a total of 842 valid questionnaires. In Study 2, employee work performance was assessed by immediate supervisors, and we obtained a total of 630 valid matched data. This study identified the structure and function of work motivation profiles using a person-centered approach, ie, latent profile analysis. The analysis of variance approach was used to explore the relationship between work motivations and different work performances in the workplace.ResultsUsing latent profile analysis, we found 5 work motivation profiles: dominant, high-midrange, low-midrange, intrinsic motivation-minor and intrinsic motivation-dominant. The five different profiles varied in the level (quantitative differences: dominant, high-midrange, and low-midrange) and shape (qualitative differences: intrinsic motivation-minor and intrinsic motivation-dominant) of the profile indicators. We found that these profiles differentially predicted employee performance. Our results reveal new insights into work motivations and how different work motivation profiles affect work performance.ConclusionWe employed a new perspective to better understand the relations between motivations and work performance under the framework of self-determination theory. We were able to demonstrate that (1) different motivation strategies at work do consistently exist and (2) latent profile membership differentiates employee work performance. Our results show that high performance can be exhibited when an employee’s motivation is the dominant type. High-dominant employees with high intrinsic motivation and low extrinsic motivation exhibit worse task performance. The results of this research show that a person-centered approach can better clarify the complexity of the process regarding how work motivations interact within an employee. The major theoretical contribution of this research is the use of latent profile analysis (LPA) to demonstrate five different subpopulations that can exhibit different combinations of work motivations in the emerging market of China. Second, our results show that identified regulation is important in predicting work performance. Third, we advanced the self-determination theory (SDT) research by exploring the relations between different motivation profiles and work performance.

Opportunities, challenges and Countermeasures for the development of China’s sports industry in the era of big data

Opportunities faced by China’s sports industry in the era of big data are as follows: the mining and analysis of big data creates more value for the sports industry; promotes the coordinated innovation and development of sports industry clusters; and accelerates the technological progress of the sports industry. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for the sports industry. At present, the following problems still exist in sports industry: lack of human resources to complete advanced data management and development in sports industry; difficulties in data storage in sports industry; inadequate depth of data mining in sports industry; difficulty in guaranteeing user information and privacy; strong competitiveness of foreign-funded enterprises to domestic enterprises. Some countermeasures are put forward, such as solving the problem of sports big data storage, improving the ability of big data processing and service, introducing advanced data processing manpower, building scientific research team, protecting personal privacy, and doing a good job of sports industry collaborative innovation research.

FDI and Improvements in the Quality of Export Products in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry

ABSTRACT This paper proposes theoretically that FDI(Foreign Direct Investment) not only increases the share of high-quality export products in China’s manufacturing industry but it also exerts an effect of demonstration and competition on local enterprises, thus facilitating local enterprises to improve the quality of their export products. We empirically test this theory by using the customs database, which confirms that FDI has a positive impact on the quality of Chinese export products. On the one hand, the export products of foreign-funded enterprises, making up more than 50% of the share of China’s exports, are of a higher quality than those of China’s local enterprises. On the other hand, FDI strengthens the market competition of local enterprises and promotes the TFP (Total Factor Productivity) of Chinese enterprises, thereby positively affecting the quality of their export products.

Chinese MBA Students’ Perceptions of Business English Writing: Needs Analysis and Student Self-Reflections

Despite the steady growth in the recruitment and education of MBA students in China, there is a dearth of research on MBA students’ perceptions of Business English Writing (BEW) in this context. This paper conducts a qualitative inquiry into Chinese MBA students’ perceptions of BEW in English as a foreign language context in China. Forty-four MBA students of a ten-week BEW course participated in this study. An open-ended questionnaire was used near the end of the course to elicit their work-related writing needs, self-reflections on BEW abilities, and perceptions of the BEW course. A focus group was conducted with six students to provide insights into the students’ work-related writing experience. The results showed that the students’ work-related writing needs differed in terms of their respective job positions, with those working in foreign-funded enterprises or joint ventures having more job-related demands to write in English than those working at state-owned enterprises. Moreover, the students generally regarded their BEW abilities as moderately good or low, with distinct expectations of the BEW course raised. Pedagogic implications were drawn for improving BEW course in the Chinese context.

Duopoly, Optimal Proportion of State-Owned Shares and International Cross-Ownership

This paper constructs a duopoly model to study the optimal international cross-ownership and state-owned shares proportion when domestic state-owned enterprise competes with foreign-funded enterprise in home market or against local enterprise in foreign market under Cournot competition. The results indicate that whether to implement international cross-ownership or not and the proportion of state-owned depend on the implementing subject of cross-ownership, competitive environment, the efficiencies of state-owned and private capitals, and so on. The proportion of state-owned shares may influence the action of international cross-ownership in some cases. Complete nationalization is optimal choice under specified condition. These conclusions have certain significance for the formulation of privatization policies in various countries and the merger and reorganization of enterprises in the international scope.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of PM2.5 Concentration and its Socioeconomic Influence Factors in Chinese Cities in 2014–2017

PM2.5 is a main source of China’s frequent air pollution. Using real-time monitoring of PM2.5 data in 338 Chinese cities during 2014–2017, this study employed multi-temporal and multi-spatial scale statistical analysis to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 patterns and a spatial econometric model to quantify the socio-economic driving factors of PM2.5 concentration changes. The results are as follows: (1) The annual average value of PM2.5 concentration decreased year by year and the monthly average showed a U-shaped curve from January to December. The daily mean value of PM2.5 concentration had the characteristics of pulse-type fluctuation and the hourly variation presented a bimodal curve. (2) During 2014–2017, the overall PM2.5 pollution reduced significantly, but that of more than two-thirds of cities still exceeded the standard value (35 μg/m3) regulated by Chinese government. PM2.5 pollution patterns showed high values in central and eastern Chinese cities and low values in peripheral areas, with the distinction evident along the same line that delineates China’s uneven population distribution. (3) Population agglomeration, industrial development, foreign investment, transportation, and pollution emissions contributed to the increase of PM2.5 concentration. Urban population density contributed most significantly while economic development and technological progress reduced PM2.5 concentration. The results also suggest that China in general remains a “pollution shelter” for foreign-funded enterprises.

The Impact of Financing Capacity on R & D Investment <br/>—Empirical Analysis Based on Micro Data of Manufacturing Enterprises in Guangdong

Under the background of the rapid expansion of R & D investment of industrial enterprises in China, this paper based on the 2005-2007 China Industrial Enterprise Database, conducted research on manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province, and used the micro-data at the enterprise level to empirically study the impact of financing capacity on R & D investment. It is found that the financing ability of enterprises has a significant positive effect on their R & D investment. Among them, with the expansion of the scale of enterprises, the promotion of corporate financing capacity to its R & D investment has gradually increased; the financing capacity has also significantly affected the R & D investment of all types of enterprises, and for state-owned enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwanese investment enterprises. The impact is significantly stronger than that of the private sector. Its promoting effect is not affected by regional differences. Finally, based on the results of the quantitative analysis and the actual situation in Guangdong Province, the author has put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

Analysis of judicial cooperation in practical terms between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan

««Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Право» — международный научно-теоретический рецензируемый журнал, публикующий материалы в следующих рубриках: Публичное и частное право: прикладные исследования Криминология Криминалистика Судебная экспертиза Исследования права с позиций социальных и гуманитарных (неюридических) наук Правовая жизнь: научно-практические заключения, комментарии и обзоры Сравнительное право Зарубежное право

The Impact of Foreign Trade Protection Measures on Chinese Manufacturing Export: Micro-evidence at Firm Level

Influenced by the international financial crisis, the trend of trade protectionism has risen, and as the world’s largest manufacturing exporter, China is the first to bear the brunt of trade protectionism. As a report of GTA in 2012 pointed out that China is the country with the largest number of trade protection measures and the variety of trade protection measures that affect China’s foreign trade has also been constantly refurbished. Increasingly frequent and multitudinous foreign trade protection measures pose a serious threat to the growth of China’s manufacturing export. So, what is the actual impact of foreign trade protection measures on China’s manufacturing export? How is the influence mechanism? Are there any differences in the impact of different types of foreign trade protection measures? Research on these issues will help us to deepen our understanding of the harm of trade protectionism and also provide enlightenment for China’s search for ways to circumvent trade protection barriers. Based on the combined data of GTA database and China Customs Statistics Database from 2009 to 2011, this paper quantitatively evaluates the true impact of foreign trade protection measures on China’s manufacturing export. Then, it divides the scale of trade into quantity margin, quality margin and price margin, and explores the impact mechanism of foreign trade protection measures on China’s manufacturing export. Next, it uses bilateral t-test and cluster analysis to scientifically identify which types of foreign trade protection measures have the greatest impact on Chinese manufacturing export. Finally, it examines the differentiated impact of foreign trade protection measures on China’s manufacturing export from the perspectives of enterprise ownership, product heterogeneity and product use. The main conclusions are as follows: firstly, the implementation of foreign trade protection measures significantly reduces the export scale of affected manufacturing firms. Each additional increase in the number of trade protection measures leads to a reduction in the export of affected firms by about 17%, and an increase in the intensity of trade protection measures by 1% results in a reduction in the export of affected firms by about 52%. Secondly, the inhibitory effect of foreign trade protection measures on manufacturing export is realized by reducing the quantity and quality of export. Thirdly, trade financing has the most significant marginal impact on manufacturing export, while trade remedies are the most protective trade protection measure for manufacturing export. Lastly, trade protectionism is more obvious for foreign-funded enterprises, single-product enterprises, homogeneous products and intermediate goods exports. In short, this paper expands the existing research in three aspects: firstly, it uses firm level data to quantitatively identify the impact of trade protection measures on China’s manufacturing export, and the conclusion is more reliable; secondly, the use of trade protection intensity to characterize the extent to which enterprises are affected by trade protection measures effectively overcomes the problem that the negative impact of trade protection measures on export is underestimated. Thirdly, it employs the method of bilateral t-test and cluster analysis to identify which foreign trade protection measures have the greatest impact on Chinese manufacturing export, and further examines the differentiated effect of foreign trade protection walls on China’s manufacturing export and its impact mechanism.

Enterprise Ownership and Environmental Control Effects

This paper measures the elasticity of the fixed assets investment of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises in China, and analyzes the impact of rising environmental control costs on fixed asset investment decisions of three types of enterprises. The study found that during the inspection period, private enterprises had the greatest elasticity of rising environmental control costs, and state-owned enterprises had the least elasticity; the impact of rising environmental control costs on state-owned enterprises and private enterprise investment is positive, and the impact on foreign-funded enterprises is negative. Therefore, we suggest that for private enterprises, the government can give tax incentives or supporting arrangements. We should avoid private enterprises facing the pressure of environmental control costs, and choose to withdraw from the market because of insufficient policy support.