Foreign Electrolytes Research Articles

On the Irreversible Reduction Wave of Titanic Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode

Abstract The reduction wave of titanic ion in sulfuric acid medium was investigated in order to give some experimental supports to the theoretical results on the irreversible wave which were derived from the standpoint of chemical kinetics. The Kalousek’s method was used to test the reversibility of the reduction process of titanic ion at the dropping mercury electrode, and it was found that this process proceeds irreversibly. From the constancy of the halfwave potential, which is independent of the concentration of titanic ion, and from the linear relation between log I⁄(Id−I) and V, which were proved by the experiments, it can be said that the theoretical equation (2) explains the feature of the irreversible reduction wave such as that of titanic ion. Furthermore, the effect of the foreign electrolytes on the half-wave potential was measured, on which some discussions were carried out.

An Absorption Isotherm for Direct Dyes

A new theory of direct dyeing is presented in terms of the Langmuir theory of surface adsorption, modified to allow for the effect of foreign electrolyte in the dyebath. A simple formula is derived, relating the equilibrium absorption of dye to the dyebath concentration, the concentration of foreign electrolyte in the dyebath and the temperature. The formula is shown to account satisfactorily for the main features of the equilibrium dyeing of cellulose by Chrysophenine G in the presence of sodium chloride. The theory is used to calculate the energy of dyeing of cellulose by Chrysophenine G.

The dispersion of fine-grained sediments for mechanical analysis

ABSTRACT The purpose of dispersion is to destroy all aggregates without affecting the size of the individual particles. Dispersion procedures used or recommended for soils or sediments are reviewed in terms of their contributions to this end. The general subject of dispersion is then related to the underlying principles, and a group of procedures which most nearly accord with these principles are experimentally compared. From the results obtained, a general routine of dispersion for fine-grained sediments is offered. The routine is arranged in two sequences, and includes soaking in water, rubbing with a brush, shaking, heating to boiling, and washing out foreign electrolytes. The particular sequence used, and the steps involved, depend on the nature of the sediment.

The specific conductivity of solutions of oxyhæmoglobin

When preparing a paper on the mechanism of hæmolysis two or three years ago my attention was accidentally called to a statement in a paper by the late Prof. A. Gamgee in the ‘Proceedings’ of the Royal Society, that “although solutions of oxyhæmoglobin possess a low conductivity this is very much higher than has been found in the previous observations of Stewart.” In a note appended to my paper I suggested that this could only mean “that either his (Gamgee’s) oxyhæmoglobin or his distilled water was less thoroughly freed from electrolytes than mine. In observations of this kind the error must appear as too high and not as too low a conductivity.” Prof. Gamgee having laid stress on the purity of his distilled water and oxyhæmoglobin, this result seemed very puzzling, all the more as my object in determining the conductivity of some specimens of oxyhæmoglobin was merely to control their suitability for addition to blood in the determination of the relative volume of corpuscles and plasma by a colorimetric method described in the paper, and no such effort has been made to carry the exclusion of foreign electrolytes to the practically possible limit as would have been deemed indispensable had the conductivity of hæmoglobin been investigated for its own sake.