Foreign Customers Research Articles

Determinan Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Jual Beli Valas (Al-Sharf) di Bank Syariah

Forex trading is a part of the economic system that has an impact on satisfying the main needs in the life of global and modern society today. Currently, it is not only the foreign exchange market that conducts foreign exchange trading, but Bank Indonesia also holds a foreign exchange market, where foreign exchange banks can carry out foreign exchange transactions with BI. The satisfaction of community needs in this regard is related to product innovation, location, and promotion strategies in forex trading. The purpose is to analyze the effect of product innovation, location, and promotion strategies on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer (sharf) at Bank Syariah Mandiri Pangkalpinang Branch. This research is a quantitative descriptive. The sample is 66 customers. While the analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression test. The results are: (1) There is a significant influence of the product innovation variable on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer; (2) There is no significant effect of location variables on the decision to become a foreign exchange customer; (3) There is a significant influence of promotion variables on the customer's decision to buy and sell foreign currencies.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan, Kepercayaan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Travel Agent Di Kabupaten Badung

The development of increasingly advanced technology has an important influence in the tourism service industry, namely the utilization of internet technology in the process of booking tour and travels through online travel agents. Conventional travel agents are increasingly being abandoned as travelers turn to online travel agents. Under these conditions conventional travel agents need to make a number of efforts to keep customers in order to survive. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on satisfaction, trust and loyalty of travel agent customers in Badung regency.Research respondents are domestic and foreign customers who use travel agent services in Badung regency, as many as 70 respondents. Data collection was done through survey using questionnaire. Testing research hypothesis using Partial Least Square (PLS).The result of the research shows that 1) the quality of service has positive and significant effect to customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty, 2) customer satisfaction has positive and insignificant effect to customer loyalty, 3) customer trust has negative and insignificant effect to customer loyalty, 4) satisfaction and customer trust does not mediate the influence of service quality on customer loyalty.Travel agent in Badung regency should improve and pay attention to the indicators supporting the satisfaction, trust and customer loyalty so that customers are not easy to switch to competitors.

How do mature born globals create customer value to achieve international growth?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how mature born global firms create value for customers to achieve continued international growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a case study approach to investigate the under-researched area of how mature born globals create value for customers and, by doing so, contribute to their continued international growth. This in-depth examination of how three born globals developed over time uses interviews, observation and secondary data.FindingsThe findings indicate that the entrepreneurs of born global firms, that continued to grow, created a culture in the early stages that supported value creation for foreign customers. These firms have built a competitive position by developing international niche products. They have also implemented a combination of proactive and reactive market orientation to facilitate the creation and delivery of value to customers. To maintain growth, they further invest the revenues earned on additional international marketing activities and continuously enhance their focal products.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relies on three cases. We therefore recommend that future studies extend the scope of the research to several companies in various industries and countries, in which the theoretical arguments can be applied. In addition, further studies that test the propositions developed in this study, in different contexts, are highly recommended.Practical implicationsTo gain international growth, managers should create an organizational culture that facilitates satisfying international customer needs. Firms should continuously invest in sales and market development (e.g. social media marketing, personal selling) and undertake technology development of niche rather than new products. To achieve international growth, managers need to standardize part of the offer to achieve economies of scale and adapt the other part to international customers' needs.Originality/valueResearch on born globals has focused on the early stages of their internationalization processes, while largely neglecting the later stages (mature born globals) or the factors that lead to continued international growth. To address this gap, this study explores what happens when born globals ‘grow up’. This study contributes to the literature by capturing the factors and processes underlying how mature born globals create value for customers, for international growth. In particular, the study shows that the culture and strategies developed in the born globals' early stages also lead to international growth in later stages. The mature born globals have also invested in niche products, brand building, and effective market channels and adopted a combination of proactive and reactive market orientations.

Economic aspects of the military and technological cooperation between Russia and Turkey as they are today

Subject. The article discusses the active cooperation of Russia and Turkey on some strategic matters, including the military-technological cooperation. Objectives. The article represents my own comprehensive research into the economic potential of the military-technological cooperation between Russia and Turkey as they are today. I evaluate the future, risks and threats as the USA puts more pressure and foreign customers pursue to localize the production of military products inside, getting more involved into the joint research and designing process. Methods. I applied methods of logic, statistical analysis. Results. We see the dramatic reconfiguration and revitalization of the armament markets, intensification of integration processes in the world economy and never-ending prolongation of sanctions against Russia and its strategic partners. Turkey signed the C-400 supply contracts and continues its military-technological cooperation with Russia, notwithstanding the pressure of the U.S. administration, which is evidence of the high demand in Turkey for the Russian military technologies. Conclusions and Relevance. Sanctions were imposed on many Russian defense enterprises. The USA continuously put on pressure countries that cooperate with Russia on military and technological matters. There should be a more close cooperation with partners, including search for proper options for settlement of accounts in national currencies. Russia and Turkey are implementing some major projects, including in the defense sector, which will continue to be meaningful for bilateral trade and economic relations.

Emotional intelligence and perceived negative emotions in intercultural service encounters

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the perceived negative emotions of both customers and frontline service employees (FSEs) during intercultural service encounters (ICSEs); and the building and utilization of corresponding knowledge in the banking sector.Design/methodology/approachTo reach the paper’s goal, a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews conducted in the context of the banking industry is developed and presented.FindingsThe findings presented and discussed the “perception of emotion” and the building of corresponding knowledge about ICSEs. Specifically, FSEs and foreign customers were found to be capable of perceiving negative emotions, both their own and of others. The authors further identified an array of emotions and feelings that facilitate the understanding of how ICSEs can be managed and improved. The findings finally highlight the degree and nature of the importance of building and storing knowledge on ICSEs soft processes, which are termed a key asset for service companies.Originality/valueAn encounter between a service provider and a customer of different cultural backgrounds can become complex and critical. Despite this, there is not enough empirical evidence neither on the socio-psychological processes that take place during these encounters nor on how different ethnic groups develop interpersonal trust within the service sector. This research offers empirical insights regarding the means of detecting emotions and of improving the quality and management of knowledge on ICSE.

Generating Information to Improve Product Quality of Automotive Components by Russian Manufacturers

The application of the Taylor system at Soviet automobile plants is analyzed. Its development to the scale of the industry and the country as a whole is shown. The absence of incentives for enterprises to increase the quality and improve the production management system was noted. Managers of enterprises misunderstand the purpose of quality management system implementation, the predominance of the formal approach to certification, application of new quality control methods without being linked to domestic technical documentation. Adequate perception of ISO/TS requirements began only when foreign customers approved the production of Russian suppliers. The identified omissions of suppliers in preproduction are listed. Based on the results of work with enterprise-suppliers specialists, the main directions for the formation of effective QMS by Russian corporations are determined. Standard layouts, checklist sheets, control sheets, work instructions have been developed for suppliers. Adequate methods of quality management have also been developed. It is concluded that the real quality improvement of automotive components by Russian suppliers is a long-lasting process. Its effectiveness is determined by the effectiveness of activities on the part of suppliers, corporations and Russian government.

Stone Names: A Linguocultural Symbol of the Urals

The paper examines the names of ornamental stones (gemmonyms) in terms of linguocultural branding of the Ural region. The analysis focuses on mineralogical vocabulary outside the official nomenclature, for the most part, these are gemmonyms containing toponymy-derived adjectives (Gumshevsky malachite, Urazov jasper, Sedelnikovsky orlets). Another objective relates to studying the axiological contexts of usage of such names. The author deals with the three most recognizable Ural ornamental stones: malachite, rhodonite (orlets) and jasper. It turns out that the linguocultural symbols (regional micro-brands) behind these minerals are geographically distributed across the Urals. Uralsky rodonit (Ural rhodonite) mostly associates with Ekaterinburg, and Tagil malachite refers to Nizhny Tagil. Jasper does not seem to have a particular reference point due to its wide geographical distribution, but typically it stands for local South Ural brands. For instance, it is believed that orskaya yashma ‘Orsk jasper’ (< Orsk) is a brand of the Orenburg region. The names of stones with the element uralsky constitute a specific group of names which, according to the author, works as a well-settled cultural macro-brand. Primarily, this refers to the uralskiye samotsvety ‘Ural gems’ collocation which has become a proper name of a lapidary factory in Ekaterinburg, as well as uralskiye kamni ‘Ural stones,’ a set phrase long included in dictionaries of standard Russian. A special class of Ural gemmonyms is represented by commercial names created artificially to make the product more saleable (cf. uralsky izumrud ‘Ural emerald’ as a trade designation of demantoid). It is noted that such names of stones are aimed at foreign customers, for whom the Ural stone is a Russian trademark and a quality assurance. At the same time, the attribute uralsky can ironically indicate that the stone only resembles a similar more expensive mineral, which, in fact, it is not (cf. uralsky almaz ‘Ural diamond’ that stands for ʻphenakiteʼ).

Agricultural sector in economy of Poland in 1950-2020.

Agriculture constitutes one of the first and foremost forms of conscious and organised human activity. Its importance for the society and for the economy stems from its main purpose, namely to meet one of the basic human needs - to satisfy hunger. The period of almost 70 years under consideration brought about exceptional change in the case of Polish agriculture. It consisted of a systematic decline in the potential of agriculture in the economy. The factor that is specific to agriculture - land, evolved relatively the least. Land allocated for agricultural purposes reduced for about one quarter. Much deeper changes have taken place in the other two factors, universal from the point of view of the sectoral application, namely work (human resources) and capital. In the post-war period, trade in agri-food products, albeit small, remained of great importance for the development of Polish agriculture and the entire economy. The nature of the links in this area has also undergone significant changes. Since Poland's accession to the European Union, the balance in foreign trade in agri-food products has been positive and has been growing steadily. This means that foreign customers are becoming increasingly interested in agricultural and food products from Poland. The strategic directions of development for Polish agriculture are the production of bovine meat, poultry meat, eggs, milk and milk products, butter, sugar, fruits, vegetables, pulses, potatoes and cereals. Food consumption has also undergone dynamic changes. The main goal of the paper is to define the position of agriculture in the national economy at various stages of development, as well as changing external conditions, including political, social and economic, which affect this position.

Cutting Off Our Nose to Spite Our Face: US Policy towards China in Key Semiconductor Industry Inputs, Capital Equipment and Electronic Design Automation Tools

This paper examines semiconductors (also referred to as chips or integrated circuits ) because these are core components in telecommunications equipment and many other high-tech goods, and because US policy has placed semiconductors front and center in its policies designed to crush Huawei. From its May 2019 placing of Huawei and its affiliates on the Entity List, the American government has tried to cut Huawei off from the American technology at the heart of the global semiconductor industry in order to decimate Huawei’s capabilities. On May 15, 2020, the US government doubled down on this gambit by restricting Huawei’s access to two areas of particular American strength in the semiconductor value chain, capital equipment for chip production and electronic design automation (EDA) for chip design. This paper has four major findings. First, over the next five years even substantial Chinese efforts to replace American capital equipment and EDA tools with homegrown alternatives are very unlikely to succeed. Second, the severity of constraints on Huawei will depend more on the availability of international alternatives to American technology than on the availability of Chinese products. For chip design, the lack of suitable legal alternatives to American EDA tools globally will severely challenge Huawei’s ability to design chips. In contrast, for manufacturing chips, there are alternatives to American capital equipment within a relatively short time-frame so manufacturing firms could relatively quickly produce Huawei’s chips if they chose to eschew American technology to do so. Third, these constraints will most likely knock down Huawei but will not knock Huawei out of the telecommunications industry. Finally, the longer-term costs for American capital equipment and EDA tool vendors could loom large as foreign customers perceive American-made or designed products as carrying significant political risk and strive to develop alternative sources.

The key role of institution pressure on green supply chain practice and the firm's performance

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of isomorphism institutional theory on green supply chain management (GSCM) and firm performance by using the structural equation model (SEM) to explain the driving factors of reducing the impact of environmental processes on the firm.Design/methodology/approach: Structural equation model (SEM) to explain the driving factors of reducing the impact of environmental processes on the firm.Findings: Isomorphism institutional factors showed a statistically significant positive effect on GSCM practices. Moreover, GSCM practices showed a statistically significant positive effect on firm performance. Under the literature review, customer pressure and top management support are primary factors to achieve GSCM practices and potential to establish firm performance.Research limitations/implications: First, the common hypothesizes do not provide insight into all the relationships that warrant additional inspection. Second, Thailand manufacturers have experiences pressures from foreign customers and competitors but they have opportunities to learn from them to better improvement GSCM practices.Practical implications: Results may highlight pressure for greening and which more efforts are needed for GSCM practices. GSCM practices generally require more effort due to need for collaborating with customer and competitor. Thailand manufacturers are increasingly confronted with isomorphism institutional pressure to implement GSCM practices.Social implications: It is useful the Thailand government promotes GSCM by creating an awareness of the benefits. GSCM can help to alleviate the question of the followers about implementing GSCM and decrease their risk association with the environmental adoption.Originality/value: Research creates clarity of the relationship between isomorphism institutional pressures, top management support, and performance in Thailand, which is a developing country with environmental investment concerns that affect profits from the operations of the firm.

Vocational English Training for “Go Clean” Partners

Nowadays, almost all people living in Jakarta use application for everyday needs, from transportation, buy food until cleaning houses. One of the companies that provide those services through online application is GOJEK. GOJEK offered a lot of services, such as GO Ride, GO Food, GO Massage and Go Clean. Go Clean is particularly giving service for cleaning houses or apartments and it has a lot of customers. Unfortunately, Go Clean partners often have to decline customers, particularly foreigners, because they are not able to converse in English. Thus, this community program is created to give training to Go Clean partners so that they will be able to conduct a simple conversation in English with foreign customers. The materials include introduction, parts of the house and price negotiation. After the training, it is expected that the workers will gain more customers and eventually it will increase their income.

Promoting Fave Hotel’s Rungkut Meeting Rooms and Rooms Using a Marketing Booklet

Fave Hotel Rungkut is a 3 – star hotel, located in Jl. Kaliraya Rungkut No. 23 – 25. Fave Hotel Rungkut has 175 total rooms with 169 standar rooms and 6 suite rooms. They also offer 4 medium and 2 large meeting rooms. Their main competitors are Cleo Business Hotel, Zest Hotel Jemursari, and Amaris Magarejo. The main problem that Fave Hotel Rungkut is facing is the decline of upselling rooms and meeting rooms in September – November 2018. To solve the problem, I made a marketing booklet to help sales team sell the products of Fave Hotel Rungkut. A marketing booklet is made in English and Indonesia in order to make their local and foreign customers understand. This marketing booklet will be useful and helpful for sales and marketing team to promote or show their products to their target market. Keywords: Promotion, Hotel, Marketing Booklet

네트노그라피를 통한 미쉐린 레스토랑 외국인 이용객의 온라인 리뷰 분석

네트노그라피를 통한 미쉐린 레스토랑 외국인 이용객의 온라인 리뷰 분석

The Role of Exporters’ Emotional Intelligence in Building Foreign Customer Relationships

Despite the critical importance of emotional intelligence in effectively interacting with other people, its role has been overlooked in scholarly research on cross-border interorganizational relationships. Drawing on emotion regulation theory, the authors propose a model that conceptualizes links among exporters’ emotional intelligence, key behavioral dimensions characterizing the atmosphere of the relationship with import buyers, and the resulting relational performance. They test the model with data collected from 262 Greek exporters using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that higher levels of exporter emotional intelligence enhance communication and social bonding with the importer while diminishing distance and conflict in their working relationship. Relational performance is positively influenced by communication and social bonding but negatively affected by distance and conflict. The results also reveal the moderating effect of both opportunism and interpartner incompatibility on the association between the exporter’s emotional intelligence and the behavioral atmosphere of the relationship with import buyers.

Cause-related marketing

PurposeCause-related marketing (CRM) focuses on the use of marketing tools to publicize a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Drawing on legitimacy theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of CRM-led CSR in international business-to-business (B2B) markets. In particular, the authors examine the relationship between supplier CRM-led philanthropic CSR reputation and foreign customer business engagement in an international B2B setting. The authors also test how the foreign customer’s host-country sustainable development level moderates this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collect and analyze dyadic data from multiple sources including: dyadic data from a supplier and its 90 foreign customers; the supplier’s internal company records; and publically available data.FindingsThe authors find that supplier CRM-led philanthropic CSR reputation positively affects foreign customer business engagement. Furthermore, the authors find that this positive relationship is stronger when host-country environments are characterized by achieving higher level of environmental well-being development. In contrast, this positive relationship is weaker when the foreign customer host-country environment is characterized by achieving higher level of economic well-being development.Originality/valueThe authors examine that impacts of CRM-led CSR in international B2B markets and differentiate the contingent roles of foreign customer host-country sustainable development in moderating such impacts.

Prospects of creation of the two-component nuclear energy system

Possible options of organization of two-component energy system with closed nuclear fuel cycle (CNFC) and new business potential associated with provision of CFC services to foreign customers are examined. Dominating role in the development of nuclear power generation is assigned to VVER reactors with gradually increasing fraction of sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors (FR) incorporated within the joint nuclear fuel cycle operated on MOX-fuel. Components of such energy system perform the following functions: 1. Fast reactors: Generate electric power in base-load mode (possibility of fine tuning of reactor power within limited range (100 – 75 – 100%) is assumed); Utilize waste and/or regenerated uranium for re-fueling power reactors, produce plutonium applicable to the maximum extent for manufacturing MOX-fuel for VVER reactors; Incinerate long-lived highly radioactive wastes – minor actinides separated during reprocessing spent nuclear fuel of FR and VVER reactors. 2. VVER reactors: Generate electricity in compliance with manoeuvrability requirements imposed by the utility company operating the energy system; Utilize MOX-fuel instead of UO2 fuel; Are offered for export with the option of returning SNF back to Russia; Plutonium extracted from VVER spent fuel is used for manufacturing MOX-fuel for SFR. 3. Nuclear fuel cycle facilities: Provide reprocessing of SNF from VVER and SFR with extraction of nuclear materials for recycling; Use depleted or reprocessed uranium and plutonium extracted from spent nuclear fuel for manufacturing MOX-fuel; Provide partitioning of RAW for subsequent utilization of minor actinides and reduction of risks of proliferation of nuclear materials, conditioning and disposal of RAW. Russia possesses capacities for establishing the two-component system with CNFC, as well as the new business approach to rendering CNFC services to foreign customers.

USING SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING FOR ATTRACTING FOREIGN TOURISTS TO GEORGIAN DESTINATIONS

At current stage business development cannot be imagined without social networks. The customers spend more and more time in social networks and get most part of the information from them. Therefore, for the companies, the social media is a powerful tool for attraction of clients and for competition. Usingthe social media marketing is particularly popular in tourism industry. Technological changes in mass media allow immediate distribution of information in the sphere of tourism. Reasonable using of social networks in tourism requires creative marketing approaches ensuring coverage of the target audience to maximal possible extent. Sites of social media became the primary source of information for the destination management organizations. Usually the tourists trust online information and before commencement of travel they visit the forums and online reviews, as well as specialized blogs. Hence, there is a close relationship between involvement of tourists’ social network sites and change in their behavior. Technological development and globalization of media creates new opportunities providing sharing the information between tourist consumers through blogs, web sites or destination sites. The destinations need creative and powerful social media marketing strategies to attract potential visitors. Social media helps the destinations to communicate with the visitors at relatively low costs and higher effectiveness than traditional communication methods. Social media, as an instrument for stimulation is used for the purposes of interactive marketing. Though, it is notable that there is a growing number of visitors, who use social media applications, creating new challenges in entire tourism industry. As social media plays a significant role in the activities of travel agencies, we found reasonable to find out the level of satisfaction of the foreign tourists with the activities of Georgian tourist companies in social media. Market research showed that of social media platforms, among the foreign tourists the most widespread is Facebook. 85.1% of the respondents use it. It is followed by YouTube (54.7%), Instagram (32.4%), Google+ (31.1%), Linkedin (29.9%), Twitter (27.2%) and MySpace (15.5%). 14% of the respondents use the other social networks (Pinterest, Tumblr, Flickr, Reddit, Ask.fin, Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki). Study demonstrated interest of the respondents to the information provided by the sites related to tourism, their trust and satisfaction. Analysis shows that the respondents are satisfied with the social media marketing offered by Georgian travel agencies to certain extent. As a result of our market study we can conclude that Georgia is an attractive destination for the foreign tourists. Therefore, the number of repeated visits to Georgia increases from year to year. In making choice of Georgian travel agencies, the foreign tourists basically rely on the information in social networks and word-of-mouth marketing. Though, interest, trust and satisfaction of the foreign customers to social media marketing offered by Georgian travel companies are at the average level. Therefore, foreign tourists evaluate media marketing activities conducted by Georgian tourist companies as average and this underlines insufficient activity of Georgian tourist companies in social networks. With the help of marketing research obtained levels of interest, reliability and satisfaction of foreign tourists in relationto social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations.On the basis of analysis of the research results statistically significant values were obtained that show influence of the activity, interest and reliability regarding to social media marketing provided by Georgian destinations on the foreign tourists’ satisfaction.In the work statistically significant value is also received reflecting the influence of the social media activity provided by Georgian destinations on buying behavior of foreign tourists’.

ANALYZING VARIOUS MODELS OF INTERNAL MARKETING STRATEGIES

Internal marketing is considered as an academic, scientific, and commercial knowledge of improving the level of customer satisfaction. This branch of marketing science is largely influenced by quality management and service marketing, which emphasizes the importance and necessity of creating quality throughout the service delivery process. This field of marketing science discusses the relationship between the customers and internal suppliers of the organization (employees) in creating value for foreign customers, this can be appeared as a chain of value and a tool for developing the quality of products and services and inter-organizational and outsourced interactions within the organization (Ling, 2000). Today, domestic marketing is known as a strategy to improve the performance of the organization. Related studies in this realm show that internal marketing activities will improve the organization’s competitiveness and enhance competency through empowering and motivating employees. Despite the expansion of this concept in the marketing literature, practically little use has been made of it. The internal marketing argument is that the first customers of each organization are its employees. By examining the factors affecting internal marketing, it is clear that there are many factors that affect domestic marketing. Over the past 20 years, many models have evolved from domestic marketing. In this article 12 models of them will be covered in detail. Then, in the end, they will be criticized, and these models will be examined.

Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah Berorientasi Ekspor Pada Industri Kerajinan Batu Alam Nusa Tenggara Timur

Regional superior products in NTT Province are currently the main pillars of the people's economy. Through the development program of superior products of export-oriented regions in the natural stone handicraft industry in UD Pesona Batu Alam, it is able to increase productivity, turnover and other assets. The support of Kupang State Polytechnic through the improvement of innovation-based mechanization on the types and kinds of production needed by the community through craftsmen in UD. Pesona Batu Alam is very necessary. Measured activities include the development of rock type designs through a variety of forms to attract tastes of domestic and foreign customers. The implementation methods that are carried out include the manufacture and application of cutting tool technology and portable stone grading screw systems to be part of the innovation targeted in this service program. The characteristics of the tool are designed in accordance with the conditions of natural stone and NTT Province's distinctive limestone products. The results of this service program are able to improve the quality of products, including the use of by-products in addition to being able to stimulate sales and marketing between islands and between neighboring countries.

Hotel choice: A closer look at demographics and online ratings

In this paper, the authors explore how demographic variables and online ratings may affect hotel choice in a sample of 279 customers. By means of an alternative-specific conditional logit (asclogit) method, the authors evidence that age and gender affect choice decisions about motels, city hotels, and hotel resorts differently. There is a lower chance for customers to choose a motel if they have a higher income. The authors also find that domestic customers have a higher preference for hotel resorts, while foreign customers prefer city hotels, even though there are more motels in their area. Finally, online ratings exert strong effects on hotel choice at the 5-star rating level. The findings of this study provide marketing scholars and practitioners the necessary evidence for making statistic inferences on a choice behavior model and predicting customer decision-making.