Detection Of Foreign Bodies Research Articles

Application of esophageal CT to establish the evaluation model of foreign body position in rigid esophagoscopic surgery

Objective:Establish a correlation model with the true position of the foreign body in the esophageal foreign body surgery using the relevant diameter of the esophageal foreign body computed tomography（CT）. Methods:Thirty-three patients who were diagnosed with esophageal foreign bodies by esophageal CT in the emergency department of the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected to measure the CT-related diameters of the esophageal tube（airway length, hyoid anterior edge-mandibular distance, incisor extension line-Posterior nasal ridge, distance from foreign body to hard jaw, distance from foreign body to incisor, front and back nasal crest line-spine line included angle, front and back nasal crest line and airway length line included angle, the lowest point of mandible-highest point of hyoid bone-and Spine angle）, record the height and weight of the patient and calculate the body mass index（BMI）. During the operation, the patient's head is fully tilted back, and the rigid esophagus is inserted through the mouth, and the front end of the esophagus is recorded when it touches a foreign body. The method of multivariate linear analysis was used to calculate the CT diameter that correlated with the distance between the foreign body and the incisor during the operation. Results:The most common foreign body in the esophagus is jujube pit（14 cases）, followed by fish bones（13 cases）; the distance between the foreign body and the hard jaw, the incisor teeth measured by CT of the esophagus is less than the actual distance between the foreign body and the incisor during the operation（P<0.001）, the difference was statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the patient's BMI（P=0.037） and the distance of the foreign body from the hard jaw（P<0.001） were correlated with the actual distance of the foreign body from the incisor during the operation. LR=3.708+0.130×BMI+0.857×Lct（cm）, R²=0.736, adjusted R²=0.719. Conclusion:The distance between the foreign body and the hard jaw measured by esophageal CT combined with the patient's BMI can predict the distance of the foreign body during rigid esophagoscopic surgery under general anesthesia and provide a certain reference value for the detection of foreign body during the operation.

Esophageal discoid foreign body detection and classification using artificial intelligence.

Early and accurate radiographic diagnosis is required for the management of children with radio-opaque esophageal foreign bodies. Button batteries are some of the most dangerous esophageal foreign bodies and coins are among the most common. We hypothesized that artificial intelligence could be used to triage radiographs with esophageal button batteries and coins. Our primary objective was to train an object detector to detect esophageal foreign bodies, whether button battery or coin. Our secondary objective was to train an image classifier to classify the detected foreign body as either a button battery or a coin. We trained an object detector to detect button batteries and coins. The training data set for the object detector was 57 radiographs, consisting of 3 groups of 19 images each with either an esophageal button battery, esophageal coin or no foreign body. The foreign bodies were endoscopically confirmed, and the groups were age and gender matched. We then trained an image classifier to classify the detected foreign body as either a button battery or a coin. The training data set for the image classifier consisted of 19 radiographs of button batteries and 19 of coins, cropped from the object detector training data set. The object detector and image classifier were then tested on 103 radiographs with an esophageal foreign body, and 103 radiographs without a foreign body. The object detector was 100% sensitive and specific for detecting an esophageal foreign body. The image classifier accurately classified all 6/6 (100%) button batteries in the testing data set and 93/95 (97.9%) of the coins. The remaining two coins were incorrectly classified as button batteries. In addition to these images with a single button battery or coin, there were two unique cases in the testing data set: a stacked button battery and coin, and two stacked coins, both of which were classified as coins. Artificial intelligence models show promise in detecting and classifying esophageal discoid foreign bodies and could potentially be used to triage radiographs for radiologist interpretation.

Non-destructive Detection of Insect Foreign Bodies in Finishing Tea Product Based on Terahertz Spectrum and Image.

Non-destructive testing of low-density and organic foreign bodies is the main challenge for food safety control. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and imaging technologies were applied to explore the feasibility of detection for insect foreign bodies in the finishing tea products. THz-TDS of tea leaves and foreign bodies of insects demonstrated significant differences in terms of time domain and frequency signals in the range of 0.3–1.0 THz. These signals were corrected by the use of adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares (AirPLS), asymmetric least squares (AsLS), and baseline estimation and de-noising using sparsity (BEADS) for reducing baseline drift and enhancing effective spectral information. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) models showed the best performance after AirPLS correction with the prediction accuracy of 98 and 100%, respectively. In addition, the locations and outlines of insect bodies could be clearly presented via the THz-TDS image. These results suggested that THz-TDS spectroscopy and imaging provide an alternative tool for the detection of insect foreign bodies in finishing tea products.

A Low-Cost Compressive Thermoacoustic Tomography System for Hot and Cold Foreign Bodies Detection

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) is suitable for detecting foreign bodies (FBs) in human body due to the sufficient microwave contrast between the FBs and surrounding human tissues. But detection of both hot and cold FBs by the same modality has not been demonstrated. In addition, traditional widely used imaging algorithms for MITAT requires highly intensive measurements, which is not cost-effective or time-efficient. This work reports the application of a low-cost compressive thermoacoustic tomography (CTAT) system for the detection of both hot and cold FBs embedded in tissues, referred to as FBD. We give detailed description of the theory of MITAT and CTAT. We show experimental demonstrations using different shaped metallic samples as the hot FBs and glass and wood samples as the cold FBs. We achieve successful detection of all the hot and cold FBs embedded in different tissues. The CTAT-FBD method is a new paradigm promising for a bunch of diagnosis or sensing applications. It is also possible to build a portable system for this technique.

Foreign Body Detection and Analysis in Gas Insulated Switchgear Based on Vibration Signal

Maintenance tools are often left inside the equipment in the process of installation and maintenance of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS). Vibration detection can make up for the shortcomings of foreign body detection in traditional GIS to a certain extent. In this paper, the vibration signal during the operation of the circuit breaker is collected and analyzed based on the 330kV GIS test platform. Through the method of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), by comparing with the multiple measurement results between the two cases of whether there is a foreign body in the equipment or not, it is found that there is a great difference in the characteristics of the two kinds of vibration signals. The presence of most foreign objects can be detected by the above methods.

Foreign Body Detection in the Electrified Area of Urban Rail Trains Using Improved Yolov3 Algorithm

Foreign body invade the electric receiving area of urban rail train, interfere with the operation of electric equipment on the roof, and affect the normal operation of urban rail traffic. Aiming at the problems of the traditional non-contact foreign body detection in the electric area of urban rail train, such as slow detection speed and poor detection accuracy of small target foreign body, An improved YOLOV3 (You Only Look Once) network model based on PAN feature pyramid structure and adaptive spatial feature fusion is proposed. By improving the main body of the YOLOv3 network model, it can alleviate the problem that the network prediction size map is too large and the experience field is too small. The features of different levels of foreign objects are initially fused with PAN’s feature pyramid to extract strong location information and strong semantic information of the foreign objects, then the method of adaptive spatial feature fusion was used to learn the spatial weights of the fusion of feature maps at various scales, obtaining more effective prediction feature maps at different scales after fusion and improving the detection ability of small targets. The improved k-means clustering algorithm is used to obtain the size of anchor and match it to the corresponding feature layer, which can mark the position of foreign body more accurately. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOV3 reaches 95.7%, which is 5.1% higher than the detection effect of the original network. It can accurately and quickly identify the different size of intrusive foreign body in the electric area of the roof of the urban rail train.

Nail Puncture Wound Through a Rubber-Soled Shoe: Should We Take Every Patient to the Operating Room?

Nail puncture wounds through rubber-soled shoes, when presenting acutely, have a deceivingly benign appearance. High index of suspicion for a retained rubber piece should be maintained by the physician. This study investigates whether preoperative ultrasound examination can rule out a foreign body and reduce the need for surgery. It is a retrospective cohort of 125 patients with deep nail puncture wounds through a rubber-soled shoe, who underwent surgical exploration between 2008 and 2018. All patients had a preoperative ultrasound examination for detection of a rubber foreign body. The patients’ median age was 29, and 112 (89.6%) were males. Median time of presentation was 1 day, but there were patients who presented up to 90 days after injury (mean 5.1 ± 15.6 days). Foreign bodies, ranging 1 to 4 mm in diameter, were surgically removed in 37 (29.6%) patients. Only 16 of these patients had a positive preoperative ultrasound examination, corresponding to sensitivity of 43.2%. Specificity of the ultrasound examination was 95%. Ultrasound examination has low sensitivity for detection of foreign bodies following a puncture wound of the foot. This is attributable to the small size of the foreign bodies in this scenario and to the complexity of sonography in this location. We conclude that ultrasound cannot be used to rule out foreign body in the foot, and should not be relied on when deciding to avoid surgery. Nevertheless, it can be a helpful adjunct preoperatively, as an assessment of the foreign body size and location.

Clinical characteristics of magnetic foreign body misingestion in children

Magnetic foreign body misingestion (MFBM) is now occurring more frequently. It may cause remarkable mortality and morbidity in children. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of children admitted to Xiamen Children’s Hospital between March 2017 and July 2020 due to accidental MFBM. A total of 14 children who had MFBM were collected, the proportion between urban and rural areas was 8:6, and the ratio of male to female was 6:1. The age ranged from 1.2 to 8.9 years (median 4.6 years). The number of magnetic foreign bodies ingested by mistake is 1 to 17 (average 6.5). Magnetic foreign objects are divided into magnets (3 cases) + magnetic beads (11 cases). About 40% (5/14) of this patient series showed no available misingestion history. Management includes: 4 cases of open surgery (including 1 case of laparoscopic transfer to operation), 3 cases of laparoscopic surgery, 2 cases of gastroscopy, 5 cases of conservative treatment of foreign bodies discharged through the anus. Of the 7 surgical cases, 6 cases presented with intestinal obstruction and intestinal perforation (at least 1 intestinal perforation and at most 5). Abdominal sonography has limitations in the detection of magnetic foreign bodies in the digestive tract. The proportion of laparoscopic surgery in the 7 surgical cases is nearly half. All surgical cases recovered smoothly after treatment. Our experience shows that MFBM is a big issue for the small children! The early symptoms of MFBM are often atypical especially among young children and MFBM may lead to severe adverse events. We proposed a management strategy for MFBM in children. We advise pediatricians/emergency physicians, parents/children’s guardians and society should raise the collaborated alertness of MFBM. Global awareness of risk prevention of magnetic material accidental ingestion cannot be overemphasized.

Comparison of Radiographic, Ultrasound, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Retained Stingray Barb: A Cadaveric Study.

Stingray envenomations are a common marine animal injury for which it is important to identify and remove retained barbs to prevent secondary infection. The optimal imaging modality in stingray foreign body detection is not well characterized in the existing literature. In this study, we compared the accuracy of plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting stingray barbs in the human foot and ankle. This cadaveric study included a 1:1 randomization to the presence or absence of barbs in 24 sample injuries of human cadaveric foot and ankle specimens. Physicians trained in emergency medicine and radiology performed ultrasound examinations on each specimen and interpreted the presence or absence of a barb. Participants also interpreted x-ray images in the same manner. MRI scans were separately interpreted by a musculoskeletal radiology attending. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test. The 19 participants included 14 (74%) trained in emergency medicine and 5 (26%) trained in radiology. Forty-seven percent were residents, 42% faculty, and 11% fellows. X-ray was associated with the highest sensitivity of 94% for the identification of a retained barb, followed by MRI (83%) and ultrasound (70%). MRI was associated with the highest specificity of 100%, followed by x-ray (98%) and ultrasound (73%). Retained stingray barbs can lead to secondary infection after envenomation. In human cadaveric specimens, x-ray demonstrated the highest sensitivity, MRI demonstrated the highest specificity, and ultrasound demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.

An unusual long standing metallic foreign body in nasopharynx in an adult

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;This case report was to highlight the occurrence of a long standing unusual foreign body in the nasopharynx in an adult. Foreign bodies are common in ENT practice universally. At times they may present as emergency requiring urgent intervention and many a times they go unnoticed as these are not suspected. Nasopharyngeal foreign bodies are rare in any age group. A 70 year old man presented to neurology department with complaints of headache of 1 month duration. CT brain angiography showed atherosclerotic wall calcifications in bilateral cavernous segment of ICA and there was an incidental detection of a metallic foreign body in the posterior wall of oropharynx. History revealed accidental ingestion of a ring into mouth at 1 year of age. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) was done, FB (foreign body) ring was seen at the level of left torus tubarius in nasopharynx and same removed in to intraorally. Care should be taken while removing these FBs. Digital manipulation for removal of such FBs are hazardous and should be avoided at all cost.&lt;/p&gt;

Detection of Foreign-Body in Milk Powder Processing Based on Terahertz Imaging and Spectrum

Detection of Foreign-Body in Milk Powder Processing Based on Terahertz Imaging and Spectrum

Detection of Intraorbital Foreign Bodies Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT Purpose We analyze the detectability of intraorbital foreign bodies (OrbFBs) of various types and sizes using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging using a three-Tesla machine (MRI 3 T). Methods An ex vivo model of sheep eyes with preserved extraocular muscles and orbital fat tissue placed in the orbital cavity of the human skull was created for this study. Foreign bodies made of four different materials – plastic, bottle glass, stone and wood – each in three different sizes (large, intermediate and small) were inserted into the soft tissue of the orbit in the extraocular space. Each orbit was scanned by CT and MRI. Images were analyzed by a senior radiologist and underwent masked review by three oculoplastic surgeons. Results Analysis of MRI and CT scans identified distinguishing characteristics for each of the four materials. This information was further integrated into a clinical algorithm. CT allowed easier identification of most of the embedded materials compared to MRI. Smaller OrbFB size was associated with lower detectability. Review of CT yielded 94.4% agreement between oculoplastic specialists in detecting OrbFbs using CT scans and allowed detection of most OrbFBs. In contrast, the overall agreement with MRI was lower: 66.7% with T1 MPRAGE, 50% with T1TSE, 88.9% with T2 TSE and 72.2% with T2 TSE FS. Plastic was the most difficult material to detect in all size categories. Conclusions CT offers a clear advantage over MRI for detecting and localizing nonmetallic OrbFBs of all sizes, except for plastic. Plastic OrbFBs can be detected with CT depending on size but are more visible in MRI scans.

Research on Key Technologies of Robot for Visual Detection of Foreign Matter in Liquid Medicine Based on Machine Learning Algorithm

At present, in the pharmaceutical industry, people pay more and more attention to the quality of drugs, and therefore put forward higher requirements for the detection of drugs. In this paper, based on a large number of theories and experiments, an intelligent on-line detection system for visible foreign bodies in medicated liquor solution is designed based on machine learning algorithm. From the angle of mechanics and kinematics, the force analysis of moving objects in liquid after high-speed rotation and sudden stop is discussed, which provides an important reference standard for distinguishing visible foreign objects from random noise. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively eliminate the vibration interference of electromechanical system, and make the foreign body detection equipment of liquid medicine successfully migrate from single-station detection equipment to automatic online detection robot, which is of great significance to the research and development of the whole equipment.

Foreign body detection of urban rail train roof based on deep learning

The identification of foreign body on the roof of urban rail train is an important link to ensure train safety. The foreign body on the roof has the characteristics of small size and irregular shape. In this paper, this paper proposes an improved YOLOV4 foreign body recognition method based on deep learning. It expands the sample of foreign body data through data enhancement to enhance the robustness of foreign body detection; DCN (Deformable Convolution) was added to the backbone network CSPDarkNet53 to enhance the receiver field of the feature extraction network and enhance the detection ability of irregular objects. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOV4 can obtain 94.5% MAP on NVIDIA RTX2080Ti. It can accurately and quickly detect the roof foreign body.

Evaluation of Our Cases of Foreign Body in Various Anatomical Regions of the Body

Aim: It can be quite difficult to remove foreign bodies located within soft tissue. The location needs to be defined for the procedure to be successful. The aim of this study was to present our cases where a foreign body had been detected and then removed from various anatomical regions. Material and Method: This article is about the evaluation results of our foreign body cases referred to the Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine from the Family Medicine practices in Kars and the surrounding regions. The charts of 15 patients who had presented to the General Surgery or Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments of the Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine after being referred from the emergency or outpatients departments between November 2015 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic findings, surgical treatment and results, etiological causes and postoperative complications of the patients were recorded. Follow-up duration was 6 months to 3 years depending on the patient's condition. Results: There were 8 male and 7 female patients. The mean age was 30.79 years. The symptoms were pain, redness, swelling, itching and serous or purulent discharge for foreign bodies in the hand, foot, femur-tibia soft and bone tissue areas and acute abdomen symptoms in the patient where we found an intra-abdominal foreign body. The imaging methods used were conventional radiography and computed tomography. Treatments included removal of needle from soft tissue, bullet fragment from bone intramedullary tissues and intrauterine device from transverse colon meso. We also observed the rectal passage with feces of an intestinal intraluminal metallic device after it was swallowed. There was only one complication among all our patients and consisted of partial radial nerve damage. Conclusion: Foreign bodies should be located with imaging methods and removed under sterile conditions in the operating room. Early detection and removal of foreign bodies from anatomical regions are vital. Key Words: Foreign body, Radio-opaque, Soft Tissue DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/7-04-01

Clinical analysis of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children: a focus on external and intrinsic factors

BackgroundTracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) is a critical disease in children and is extremely dangerous, even life-threatening. The factors affecting the occurrence and prognosis of TFBA are complex. The purpose of this study is to examine the external and intrinsic factors affecting clinical features of TFBA in West China and propose potential effective intervention measures.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric patients diagnosed with TFBA with foreign bodies (FBs) removed by rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia at the otolaryngology department from December 2017 to November 2018. The data included age, sex, clinical symptoms, type and location of FB, guardians, prehospital duration and residence of these pediatric patients.ResultsThe ratio of males (72) to females (53) was 1.4:1. Children aged from 1 to 3 years accounted for 76% (95/125) of patients. Cough, continuous fever and dyspnea were the primary symptoms. The right primary bronchus was the most common location of FB detection by rigid bronchoscopy (67 cases, 53.6%). Organic FBs were most common in our study. Guardians of patients significantly differed in the rural (parents 16, grandparents 31) and urban (parents 52, grandparents 26) groups (χ2 = 12.583, p = 0.000). More children in the rural group than in the urban group had a treatment delay longer than 72 h. More children in the group with no history of FB aspiration (12, 25%) than in the group with prior FB aspiration had a treatment delay longer than 72 h.ConclusionPediatric TFBA is a common emergency in otolaryngology. Age, sex, tracheobronchial anatomy and other physiological elements were defined as intrinsic factors, while guardians, residence, FB species and prehospital time were defined as external factors of TFBA. External and intrinsic factors both influence the occurrence and progression of TFBA. It is extremely important to take effective measures to control external factors, which can decrease morbidity and mortality.

Management of Adults With Suspected Foreign Body Aspiration

Objective: Although foreign body aspiration (FBA) in adulthood is not as common as in childhood, it can sometimes be encountered with clinical situations that require urgent interventions. Removal of foreign bodies (FBs) is crucial in all cases of aspiration, even if they seem trivial and symptoms have resolved. Unremoved FBs cause chronic lung pathologies such as postobstructive pneumonia, bronchiectasis, atelectasis and scar formation which can be definitely treated only by FB removal. The treatment of choice is either fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy.&#x0D; The aim of our study was to create an algorithm for the management of patients presenting to our bronchology and interventional pulmonology unit with suspected FBA by reviewing their radiologic findings, the bronchoscopic methods used in their management and outcomes.&#x0D; Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and rigid bronchoscopy (RB) for suspected FBA in our bronchology and interventional pulmonology center between January 2010 and December 2019.&#x0D; Results: There were 70 patients with suspected FBA, who had an average age of 47.22±20.76 years, and 62.8% were males. Twenty-nine (41.4%) were treated with FOB and 25 (35.7%) with RB. A FB was detected initially by FOB in 16 (22.9%) who subsequently had to undergo RB for FB removal. Fifteen (33.3%) FOB and 9 (21.9%) RB procedures were performed on an emergent basis.&#x0D; A total of 86 bronchoscopic treatments were performed on 70 patients. FBs were detected with FOB in 29 patients. The FB was removed in 13 (28.8%) patients with the help of FOB, while 16 (35.5%) patients in whom FB removal was not possible were referred to the interventional pulmonology unit for RB. In the remaining 16 (35.5%) patients, no FB was found during FOB. A total of 41 patients were treated with RB, including 16 patients who had initially undergone FOB. FB was detected and removed in 38 (92.6%) patients, 2 (4.8%) patients had no FB detected and received no further treatment after being consulted with thoracic surgery. One (2.4%) patient in whom FB was detected but could not be removed was referred to surgery and was operated.&#x0D; Rates of FB detection were high for both chest x-ray and unenhanced thoracic computerized tomography (CT) in favor of CT (p=0.038 and 0.022 respectively). Thirty-three (58.9%) of the FB removed were in the right bronchial system and composition of FBs (organic or inorganic) was equal.&#x0D; Conclusion: When thoracic CT is not available chest x-ray can also be helpful in cases of suspected FBA. Because the possibility of FBA should be considered in many chronic pulmonary conditions, physicians choose FOB for their initial evaluation, especially if transfer to an interventional pulmonology unit is not feasible. RB performed by interventional pulmonologists is a safe therapeutic option in critical patients and cases when FOB fails.

Imaging techniques in Agro-industry and their applications, a review

In both developing and developed countries, food quality, safety and food production is receiving maximum attention. The food production includes all the processes from receiving of the raw materials to the finished product. The food safety and quality implies a biological, chemical, and physical adulteration and other associated hazards. Quality assessment again is an important concept nowadays which is mostly performed manually; which can have errors. To overcome these limitations, new fast, environment friendly and economical techniques are sought. Imaging techniques have become more popular in food processing industry. The imaging technology takes the utilization of hardware to obtain the real-time image and software to process the images so that useful information from them can be extracted for food processing control and food safety analysis. The scanning methods mostly implied in the food industries include hyper-spectral, magnetic resonance, thermal and X-ray imaging. This technology has boosted the detection of foreign bodies, maturity evaluation of fruits, bruise detection of fruits, determination of fruit yield, fractal analysis and many other quality parameters associated with the food. The current review gives the general overview of various imaging techniques and their applications in the Agro- processing industry.

Diagnostic yield of cone beam computed tomography for small foreign body detection in the hand in comparison with radiography, MSCT and MRI: an ex vivo study

IntroductionDetection of symptomatic foreign bodies (FB) after penetrating hand injuries can be challenging. Multiplanar radiography is most frequently used for FB detection and may be complemented by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) if suspected FBs cannot be identified and clinical symptoms are persisting. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a promising imaging modality for traumatology aside from fracture detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CBCT for different small FBs in the hand in comparison with radiography, MSCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MethodsIn ten cadaveric hands of voluntary body donors, 20 different FBs (metal, glass, stone, wood, thorn) in predefined sizes (0.5, 1 and 2mm) were randomly placed in the central hand and the basal phalanges. All hands were imaged using radiography, 256-slice CT, CBCT, and 3T MRI. A total of 200 subcutaneous and intramuscular particles were analyzed for their visibility by two observers at two time points. The Cohens Kappa coefficient was calculated as a measure of interobserver agreement and intraobserver reliability. The particle detection rate between different imaging modalities was compared using McNemar Chi2-tests. ResultsCBCT and MSCT provided a higher detection rate (94.6% and 86.3%) for detecting metal, glass and stone particles compared to standard radiography (70.0%; each p<0.001). MRI did not provide a diagnostic benefit. Wood particles and thorns were not reliably recognizable by any imaging technique. The interobserver agreement (K=0.768; p<0.001) and the intraobserver reliability for both observers (K1=0.914 and K2=0.907; p<0.001) were good. The dose length product (DLP) was 2-fold lower in CBCT than in MSCT (39.2 ± 2.1 vs. 81.4 ± 2.9 mGy*cm; p<0.001). ConclusionsIn this ex vivo study, CBCT provided a high detection rate for small metal, glass, and stone particles while the radiation exposure was significantly lower compared to MSCT. These results suggest that CBCT instead of MSCT seems a reasonable option in supplementary diagnostics to exclude of FBs. The primary use of CBCT instead of radiography may be considered for symptomatic patients with expected small radiopaque particles <1mm. Organic FBs can be visualized indirectly in MRI and CBCT/MSCT by entrapped surrounding air. Level of EvidenceLevel I, diagnostic study.

Ургентная диагностика скелетно-мышечной травмы: возможности ультразвукового метода

The article presents a review of literature on the value of ultrasonography in acute musculoskeletal injury diagnostics. The main objectives of emergency ultrasonography are outlined: detection of fractures, large hematomas, injuries of tendons, muscles and nerves, detection of foreign bodies of soft tissues, ultrasonic navigation of surgical manipulations and reposition of fractures. The ultrasound method is highly sensitive цand specific in the detection of long-bone fractures, muscles and tendons rupture, which can make an impact on therapeutic tactic and patient’s routing. Ultrasound diagnostics has become useful for pediatric patients due to its ease of use, mobility and non-ionizing qualities. Ultrasonography of acute musculoskeletal injury will probably be increasingly important for orthopedic surgeons and emergency physicians.