Foreign Body Research Articles

Eagle syndrome: tissue characteristics and structure of the styloid process.

Eagle syndrome is a bone disease where elongation of the styloid process leads to throat and neck pain, and in severe cases neurovascular symptoms such as syncope and neuralgia. The pathophysiology of Eagle syndrome is poorly understood with various theories having been proposed how this elongation is caused. To better understand the pathophysiology, we performed a work-up in 6 patients presenting with Eagle syndrome. Patients mainly presented with pain on turning the neck (100%), foreign body sensation (67%), tension in the neck (67%), and dysphagia (50%). The typical length of the styloid process ranges from 25 to 30 mm; however, [18F]NaF (sodium fluoride) PET/CT showed elongated styloid processes with an average length of 52.1 ± 15.6mm (mean ± SD) with increased turnover at the base of one of the styloid processes. The removed styloid processes were further examined by histology, micro-CT, quantitative backscatter electron imaging (qBEI), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and circularly polarized light imaging. Histology revealed one case of a fractured styloid process healing through callus formation and one case of pseudarthrosis. Bone mineral density and mineralization was similar in the styloid processes when compared to cortical bone samples derived from the mandibular bone of different patients. Circular polarized light microscopy showed a collagen orientation in the styloid process comparable to the cortical bone samples with a distinct separation of collagen structure between the mineralized structure and the surrounding soft tissue with FTIR analysis demonstrating a typical composition of bone. This altogether suggests that the elongated styloid processes in Eagle syndrome are mature bone, capable of endochondral repair, possibly growing from the base of the process through endochondral ossification, rather than being a form of secondary calcification of the stylohyoid ligament as previously postulated.

Ultrasonography and CBCT images of foreign bodies: Invitro study

Ultrasonography and CBCT images of foreign bodies: Invitro study

S682 Esophageal Foreign Body Impaction Followed by Immediate Dilation Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Esophageal Perforation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

S682 Esophageal Foreign Body Impaction Followed by Immediate Dilation Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Esophageal Perforation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Engineering injectable bioadhesives with sealing and anti-fouling properties for postoperative anti-adhesion

Postoperative adhesion is a common complication that follows various types of surgeries, causing patients suffering and increasing healthcare costs. Current anti-adhesion barriers fail to provide satisfactory therapeutic outcomes mainly due to their weak retention, inability to prevent fluid leakage, and potential foreign body reactions. In the present study, we fabricated a serine-modified bioadhesive (SESAgel) with improved sealing and anti-fouling properties for postoperative adhesion prevention. The resulting SESAgel exhibited good injectability and in-situ adhesion ability, forming a stable membranous anti-adhesion barrier on the wound surface. Innovatively, it possessed efficient sealing properties, effectively stopping the leakage of tissue fluid and blood, which triggers tissue adhesion formation in the early stage. On this basis, the anti-fouling property derived from the serine in this physical barrier can further prevent the accumulation of inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions, thereby minimizing tissue adhesion. Two animal models were used to demonstrate that SESAgel effectively inhibited postoperative adhesion in different surgeries. With its natural design and good biocompatibility, SESAgel is a promising anti-adhesion biomaterial for clinical translation and practice.

A comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of bepotastine besilate (1.5%) and olopatadine hydrochloride (0.1%) eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis in a tertiary care hospital of the southern part of India

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is increasing with the rise in the levels of allergens. Drug therapy is usually needed in addition to avoidance of general allergens to treat this condition. Both bepotastine besilate and olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions are newer additions in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis having dual properties of second-generation antihistaminics along with mast cell stabilizing activity. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of bepotastine besilate (1.5%) and olopatadine hydrochloride (0.1%) eye drops in patients presenting with allergic conjunctivitis in a tertiary care hospital of Southern part of India. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients who were clinically diagnosed to be suffering from allergic conjunctivitis were selected as participants for the study. They were randomly distributed into two groups consisting of 30 patients each. One group received eye drop bepotastine (1.5%) and the other group received eye drop olopatadine (0.1%), with each patient receiving the medication twice daily for a duration of 2 weeks. During the first visit, all the patients were assessed for the signs and symptoms and subsequently re-assessed at weekly intervals for a period of 2 weeks. They were also advised to report occurrence of any unwanted drug reaction during the weekly follow-up visits. Results: The above study showed the effectiveness of both bepotastine and olopatadine eye drops in decreasing the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Significant clinical improvement was found in all participants, whereas deterioration was found in none of them. Statistically significant improvement of itching and redness of eyes was observed with use of both the study drugs mentioned beforehand. Both the drugs were well tolerated by the patients. Statistically significant reduction of itching and foreign body sensation was found to be more in patients using bepotastine eye drops compared to those using olopatadine eye drops. Only two patients using bepotastine eye drops complained of having a mild burning sensation in eyes. Conclusion: From this study, bepotastine and olopatadine eye drops have been observed to be safe and efficacious in allergic conjunctivitis. Bepotastine eye drop was found to be more efficacious to relieve itching and foreign body sensation compared to that of olopatadine eye drops.

RWC Update: Gas Versus Silicone Oil in the Surgical Management of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy; Intraocular Foreign Body with Secondary Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion

RWC Update: Gas Versus Silicone Oil in the Surgical Management of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy; Intraocular Foreign Body with Secondary Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion

S713 Incidence of Esophageal Foreign Body Impaction Following COVID-19 Pandemic

S713 Incidence of Esophageal Foreign Body Impaction Following COVID-19 Pandemic

S2805 Light at the End of the Tunnel: Successful Retrieval of a Large Rectal Foreign Body

S2805 Light at the End of the Tunnel: Successful Retrieval of a Large Rectal Foreign Body

Foreign body complication.

Foreign body complication.

Clinical Manifestations of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis and Its Effects on School Attendance and Access to Medical Care in School Children of Western Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic ocular condition affecting school-age children, particularly in hot, allergen-rich regions. It presents with symptoms such as intense itching, tearing, foreign body sensation, and sticky discharge, causing discomfort and management challenges in resource-limited settings. VKC impacts public health significantly due to its high prevalence and effect on academic performance and school attendance. Method: This cross-sectional study included 1521 school children aged 6 to 16 years in Western Uttar Pradesh. Comprehensive eye examinations were conducted, and VKC was diagnosed based on conjunctival and limbal papillae. A structured questionnaire collected data on socio-demographic factors, medical care access, and VKC's impact on daily life and school attendance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used for analysis. Result: Of the participants, 242 (15.9%) had VKC, with a higher prevalence among boys (56.2%). Most cases were mild (66%), with 34% severe. Symptoms included itching, stinging, tearing, photophobia, and discharge. Severe VKC resulted in higher rates of constant eye rubbing and tear production. School absenteeism was significantly higher in severe cases (78%) compared to mild cases (47%) (P<0.001). Severe VKC also led to more frequent medical consultations (52% vs. 22%, P=0.01). Conclusion: VKC significantly affects school attendance and medical care utilization among children in Western Uttar Pradesh. Improved management practices, better access to medical care, and enhanced support systems are essential for affected children and families.

Comparison of tendon attachment to 3D printed Ti6Al4V implant versus Trevira® tube: A paired experimental animal study

BackgroundSoft-tissue attachment is crucial for the success of megaprosthesis surgery and improvement in current treatment is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical and histomorphometric properties of soft-tissue attachment between 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants featuring a 630 μm microporous structure and commercially available Trevira® implants with a 200 μm porous structure in a non-loadbearing ovine model. MethodsTen skeletally mature ewes underwent surgical implantation with both implants. After 4-weeks, mechanical pull-out testing assessed the attachment strength, while histomorphometric analysis evaluated fibroblast cell profile density, multinucleated giant cell profile density, microvessel length and volume density. Results3D printed Ti6Al4V implants demonstrated a 129% greater attachment strength compared to Trevira® implants (p = 0.003). In the Trevira® group, a 35% increase in fibroblast profile density (p < 0.001) and a 98% increase in multinucleated giant cell profile density (p < 0.001) were observed, with no significant difference in microvessel length density between the groups. However, the Ti6Al4V group exhibited a 50% higher microvessel volume density (p < 0.001) compared to the Trevira® group. Conclusion3D printed Ti6Al4V implants with a 630 μm microporous structure demonstrated superior attachment strength, enhanced neovascularization, and reduced foreign body reaction compared to the Trevira® implants. These findings suggest that 3D printed Ti6Al4V implants may enhance soft-tissue attachment in megaprosthesis surgeries.

Synergistic coating of Laponite swollen-layer and heparin composite for enhanced antifouling and antithrombotic performance

When implantable medical devices come into contact with blood, acute thrombosis and inflammation often occur due to the adhesion and denaturation of plasma proteins, ultimately degrading device performance. To address this issue, we developed a gel-like coating with superhydrophilic properties, incorporating a heparin based outer layer designed to minimize foreign body reactions and enhance hemocompatibility. The coating was engineered using a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of poly-l-lysine (PLL), laponite (Lap), and heparin (Hep), utilizing electrostatic interactions. The successful formation of stable layers was confirmed by QCM-D analysis. The inner layer, composed of PLL/Lap multilayers, formed a gel-like structure that maintained superhydrophilicity and effectively prevented cell adhesion. The outermost PLL/Hep multilayers significantly suppressed thrombus formation by inhibiting plasma protein and red blood cell adsorption as well as platelet activation. The coating exhibited excellent stability, retaining its superhydrophilic properties and heparin functionality even after 7 days of immersion in DPBS. Additionally, in vitro hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility tests confirmed its non-toxicity and overall biocompatibility. These results highlight the potential application of this coating to various implantable medical devices, providing a robust solution for improving device performance and safety.

Quantitative Measurement of Lung Radiodensity on Chest X-ray Improves Diagnosis of Foreign Body Aspirations in Children

Quantitative Measurement of Lung Radiodensity on Chest X-ray Improves Diagnosis of Foreign Body Aspirations in Children

Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound for embedded or migratory digestive foreign body.

Embedded or migratory ingested foreign bodies (FBs) may be a disaster when not found intraluminally and can be seriously life-threatening. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has advantages of transmural, close range and real-time imaging. Under its guidance, minimally invasive endoscopic removal of FBs and abscess drainage become available and safe to avoid unnecessary surgery. However, relatively few diagnostic applications of EUS have been reported. Endoscopic removal and abscess drainage with or without EUS-guidance were even scarce. We found 21 cases of migratory FBs reported in which EUS was used to diagnose and/or treat including our case. We further summarized clinical characteristics and EUS manifestations of embedded or migratory FBs for future differentiation, and treatment strategies by endoscopy and EUS. EUS is a valuable tool in recognizing and differentiating embedded or migratory FBs. EUS-guided endoscopic removal is a minimally invasive, safe and innovative solution. EUS with novel device also assists in sufficient and secure drainage for FBs related abscess collections. A multidisciplinary team consult is sometimes mandatory for complicated cases. This would break a conceptual barrier in therapeutic endoscopy.

Endoscopic removal of Impacted Intentionally ingested stone in Esophagus.

Intentional foreign body ingestion is commonly seen in patients with psychiatric illness and prisoners.It accounts for approximately 4% of urgent endoscopic procedures. Such intentional ingestion of foreign bodies are rare in conscious and healthy people.The majority of foreignbodies ingestion are accidental.Esophageal injury depends upon location and types of foreign body.It can cause problems such as difficulty in swallowing,excessive drooling,coughing,chest discomfort,vomiting of blood and respiratory problems.In our case, we used flexible endoscope with Dormia basket to remove intentionally ingested and then impacted stone in mid esophagus of a psychiatric patient. Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35: 211-213

The Effect of Sub-Acute Inhalation Exposure to Polyethylene and Polyvinyl Chloride Micro-Nano Plastics on the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Level and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level in Rat Ovary

Plastic is a synthetic or semi-synthetic organic polymer that is widely used in daily life and in industrial production. Microplastics are widespread contaminants and can enter the human body through the consumption of foods containing microplastics, inhalation of microplastics in the air, and skin contact with microplastic particles present in products. Microplastics can enter the ovaries as foreign bodies and can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and even ovarian granulosa cell death. Polyethylene plastic shards generally have a higher ability to absorb environmental toxins than other types of plastic. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the oldest thermoplastic polymers that is often used as water pipes. PVC has carcinogenic monomers and some harmful additives. This study aims to determine the effect of subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation on SOD and MDA levels in rat ovaries. The research method used is a true experimental design with a Randomize Post Test Only Group Design research design. This study used the ovarian organs of female white rats that had been exposed to PVC and PE for 28 days. The number of samples used in this study amounted to 18 female rats. Subacute exposure to micro-nanoplastics per inhalation can lower SOD levels and significantly increase MDA levels in rat ovaries. This study is expected to provide knowledge and an overview for future research on the mechanism of toxicity of micro-nanoplastic exposure that has an impact on female infertility through free radicals in the ovaries.

Study on vibration fatigue of lifeguard in a metro bogie and methodology for damage estimation based on the measured acceleration

The lifeguard is more like a cantilever beam installed on the end of bogie frame, used to remove foreign body on the rail. Due to severe vibration condition, the lifeguard has been reported to be subjected to fatigue failure by railway operators. This paper thus studied on fatigue failure mechanisms of lifeguard through both the field test and numerical simulation. In the field test, the vibration acceleration and dynamic stress developed on the lifeguard were measured to identify main contributors to the fatigue failure. The test results showed that the structural resonance arising from the rail corrugation-induced high frequency impact serves as the main causal factor. To better understanding the failure mechanism, a numerical model considering the flexibility of lifeguard was established to determine the stress field of lifeguard based on the modal method, which was further used to estimate the residual fatigue lifetime for given loading conditions. The results showed that the obtained dynamic stress for given position on lifeguard is quite comparable with those obtained through the field test. Based on the obtained dynamic stress, the fatigue damage was further estimated and concluded that the fatigue lifetime of lifeguard is much less than the designed lifetime under the considered loading condition. The rail grinding and the structural improvement are thus suggested to mitigate the vibration fatigue of lifeguard.

Clinical study on diverse surgical affections of oesophagus in buffaloes

This Article presents the detailed study of oesophageal affections of buffaloes recorded in the clinic of Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology VCC CVAS, RAJUVAS, Bikaner Rajasthan India. Different clinical symptoms, types of affections, etiology and postoperative complications were recorded, plane and contrast radiographic study was carried out and affections were categorized based on their diagnosis. Complete obstruction was present in the highest number followed by diverticulum. The site of obstruction in most of the animal was distal cervical regional close to the thoracic inlet and impacted plastic and tarpaulin was the most impacted material retrieved in the oesophagotomy procedures. Conservative and surgico-therapeutic treatment was carried out. Rupture of oesophagus was noticed as a consequence of complete obstruction at proximal site in delayed presented cases. Narrowing of oesophagus noticed at mid cervical region because of the fibrosis of the oesophgaus. Dilation of oesophagus was present in consequences of chronic obstruction and chronic history of ailments. Penetrating foreign bodies mostly sharp needles were present at proximal oesophagus. Early presented cases having healthy mucosa showed the successful outcome and chronicity of the condition resultant in complications and poor prognosis.

Ocular surface complications secondary to eyelid resection of infiltrating basal cell carcinoma

A 77-year-old female patient with the presence of a cutaneous neoformation of approximately 1 cm by 1 cm was verified at the level of the middle third and external third of the right lower palpebral eyelid, which extended to the tarsal conjunctiva of the fornix. It was decided to perform closed dacryointubation with silicone tube placement, full thickness resection of the lesion with free edges, cheek and preauricular skin rotation flap (Mustardé type) associated with autologous chondro-perichondral graft of the external ear (Matsuo type), with oral mucosa graft to restore the posterior lamella. After 15 days, the patient reports a foreign body sensation at the level of the right eye. irregularity and malposition of the lower eyelid edge, positioning abnormality of the cutaneous mucosal junction line, conjunctival hyperemia, tear breakup time of 5 seconds, tear meniscus measurement of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm, inferior punctate epithelial keratopathy, which stains with fluorescein.

Ocular disorders and compliance to protective eyewear among quarry workers in Akamkpa local government area of cross river state, Nigeria

The quarry industry over time has played a pivotal role in the transformation of the physical environment but with attendant negative effects on workers. This study ascertained the pattern of work related ocular disorders and compliance to protective eye devices among quarry workers in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State Nigeria. This descriptive cross sectional study employed the use of a structured interview followed by a comprehensive external examination of the eyes of the subjects by qualified eye care practitioners. Data generated was analysed using the Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 25.0. Results were presented descriptively using tables and figures. The study took place in 8 quarry sites located in 4 communities randomly selected and involved 184 subjects randomly selected comprising of 140 (76.09%) males and 44 (23.91%) females. The age of the participants ranged from 18-60 years with a mean age of 32.03±2.23 (SD). The study revealed that predominant ocular symptoms experienced were blurry vision (31.5%), itchy eyes (27.94%), ocular irritation/ grittiness (15.55%), eye/ headaches (12.46%) and discharges (9.61%). The most common ocular surface anomalies observed were pterygium (41.80%), corneal scar/ ulceration (18.03%) and allergic conjunctivitis (16.39%), while the most frequent type of eye injuries reported were superficial foreign bodies, blunt trauma and superficial ocular abrasion accounting for 50.92%,30.06% and 11.04% respectively. Injuries due to quarrying activities were more common among labourers (41.10% and 29.45% among stone crushers and stone processors respectively), while workers with less than 5 years work experience reported more work related eye injury (74.85%) with broken stones (80.39%) accounting for most of the injuries. Similarly, a majority (94.7%) of the participants had knowledge of Personal Protective Eye Devices (PPEDs) only 26.44% had the appropriate PPEDs and just 30.43% of them complied regularly with their usage during work. There was a statistically significant association between work experience and the occurrence of work related ocular injuries (p&gt;0.001) but the use of PPEDs has no statistically significant association with the occurrence of eye injuries. The study concluded that workers at the Akamkpa quarry, Nigeria suffered various types of work related ocular anomalies and while a majority of them had prior knowledge of the benefits of PPEDs, the level of availability and utilization is relatively low and recommended health education and strict enforcement of safety regulations.