Foreign Audiences Research Articles

Documentary narrative of the communicator as a way of understanding and representing military reality (on the example of the collection by E. Shishatskyi «A journey to the afterlife. Mariupol»)

The article emphasizes that modern Ukrainian military documentary literature is developing at a fast pace, which is due to the modern social context – a full-scale war in Ukraine due to the invasion of the Russian Federation. A long stay in wartime conditions requires understanding, evaluation of events, actualization and explanation for both Ukrainian and foreign audiences, which explains the authors’ interest in this way of reflecting wartime reality. The research focuses on identifying the potential of the narrative method of organizing material in documentary collections about the war in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the specificity of understanding the military reality and its representation by the authors depends on the status of the communicator as an author-observer of the events and the author-participant of the events. If the authors-observers of the events are clearly aware of their communication intentions to achieve specific communication effects (in particular, influence on public opinion), then the participating authors first of all strive to actualize the personal experience of specific events, to think about it, to share it with the audience, to reflect. It was revealed that the collection of e. Shishatskyi «Journey to the Beyond. Mariupol» in the form of «diary entries» – demonstrates the subjective experience of the author, which he experienced during a trip to Mariupol with a volunteer mission, – to help his relatives and countrymen. the experience gained had a significant impact on the author’s value orientations, because he retrospectively spoke about the obstacles he encountered on his way and which he was unable to overcome, about the peculiarities of adaptation to the new reality – the military.

Chinese Legal Thought on the Global and the Domestic Stage: A Rhetorical Study

AbstractChinese Communist Party ideologues and a number of prominent legal scholars have become outspoken about the global significance of Chinese legal thought. The question is, however, whether the ambitious statements about the global importance of Chinese legal thought are supported by legal theoretical arguments, which could be influential abroad. This article examines the interaction between the domestic and global stages of Chinese legal speech through the tools of rhetorical theory. Arguments about the nature and global significance of Chinese law are made for different purposes and for different audiences. The most ambitious statements about the global significance of Chinese legal thought are produced within a ‘ceremonial’ genre of speech. Domestic Chinese ceremonial speech is meaningful in the Chinese context, but it translates poorly to globally influential ideological speech. Foreign audiences will find more persuasive arguments about the significance of Chinese legal thought in Chinese deliberative speech, such as parts of Chinese legal scholarship. While arguments made in the deliberative genre are more persuasive than ceremonial speech, specific argumentative moves within this genre are not always helpful for the international advocacy of Chinese legal thought. Moreover, arguments in the deliberative genre are not consistently reflected in Chinese judicial decisions. These observations highlight the role of language and persuasion in the globalisation of law.

Research on Translation Strategies of Foreign-oriented Publicity Translation from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the foreign-oriented publicity translation becomes increasingly significant. The purpose of foreign-oriented publicity is to show a real China to the overseas and establish a great national image. Foreign-oriented publicity translation has become an important medium for spreading Chinese culture. Apart from following the standards of “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”, translators of publicity literature should be guided by the criteria of “three closeness”, which caters for the reality of China’s development, foreign audience’ needs for authentic Chinese information and foreign audiences’ thinking habits. Finally, translators should have the awareness of intercultural communication and ensure the effective implementation of intercultural communication by flexible omission, addition and adaptation.

Проблемы послевоенного противостояния держав-победительниц в работах советских авторов в журнале Foreign Affairs на заре Холодной войны

The article analyzes from an imagological point of view the articles of Soviet authors published in the Foreign Affairs magazine in 1945-1947. The aim of the work is to study the attempts of the Soviet leadership to use the temporarily available channel of communication with the United States of America and highlight the characteristic features of the image of the enemy created by Soviet authors who wrote to a foreign audience. Based on the analysis of articles by Soviet authors published in the journal Foreign Affairs, the author comes to the conclusion that Soviet propaganda from the outside was slightly different from the one that was directed inside the country and turned to its standard images, depending on the foreign policy situation. The novelty of the work lies in addressing a relatively little-studied aspect of the early Cold War, namely, the attempts of the Soviet side to present its point of view on what is happening in the world directly through Western publications, including the most prestigious. The relevance of the work is to demonstrate how gradually in Soviet propaganda rhetoric, directed not only inside, but also outside the country, there was a transition from the old trends of the times of military alliance with Western powers to a new orthodoxy, criticizing former allies not only from communist, but also from general democratic and left-patriotic positions. It can also be noted that this process was neither rapid nor abrupt, hostility and negative stereotypes about the United States and Britain were created gradually. This is especially relevant in the context of the historical process that is now called the “Second Cold War”.

MARKETING AUDIT OF ADVERTISING ACTIVITIES ON THE FOREIGN MARKET

The advertising activity of the enterprise affects the effectiveness of its communication and sales policy and has an impact on the economic results of its activity. Advertising involves significant financial resources, which requires constant control and regulation. This task allows you to solve the marketing audit of advertising activities. The work examines the features of advertising activity that affect the system of its evaluation. Taking into account that advertising has not only an economic, but also a communication impact, the main concept of conducting an audit of advertising activities in the domestic market is presented. Differences between consumers in different countries of the world are defined, which affect the perception of advertising materials and, ultimately, the effectiveness of advertising influence. Taking into account the peculiarities of the foreign audience, the main directions of the advertising audit in the foreign market and the stages of its implementation are formulated. It is emphasized that, in contrast to an advertising audit in the domestic market, in external advertising practice, the conformity of the content and design of the advertising message to the goals of the advertising campaign and the national characteristics of the target audience should be assessed, as well as a media audit should be conducted. The evaluation of the economic effectiveness of advertising campaigns in the international marketing system does not differ in principle from its determination in the conditions of the Ukrainian market. As for the criteria of communication effects from advertising, they are formed precisely on the maximum consideration of the peculiarities of the country in whose market the enterprise operates. The differences between evaluating the effectiveness of advertising campaigns and conducting an audit are given. It is emphasized that the evaluation of advertising effectiveness is a constituent element of its audit. The audit is aimed at identifying and eliminating weaknesses in advertising activities, optimizing the advertising budget and increasing the effectiveness of advertising.

China's Battler Poetry, Zheng Xiaoqiong, and Hypertranslatability

China's battler poetry (dagong shige 打工詩歌), also known in English as migrant worker poetry, projects images of China as the workshop of the world in the age of global capitalism. The recent product of a world-renowned tradition in which poetry has been a social practice as much as an art since antiquity, it speaks to a wide range of readers, in China and elsewhere. This article first offers some reflection on the interlingual translation of battler poetry. Extending the discussion to cultural translation, it then considers how foreign audiences can come to see a single author as the “face” of an entire genre, in this case Zheng Xiaoqiong. Next, it proposes the notion of hypertranslatability, and it shows how this helps explain the ubiquity of Zheng in foreign work on battler poetry to date. The article mostly dwells on material in English, but the subject matter is such that the argument may hold for material in other languages as well.

Teoriya ekotranslatologii: osnovy perevoda kul'turnyh elementov malyh narodnostej v publichnoj sfere

With the acceleration of cultural exchange, eco-translatology has been fully recognized by translators as a brand-new original translation theory based on the oriental ecological wisdom. The paper studies the specifics of the translation of ethnic minority cultural publicity, which is aimed at increasing the recognition of Chinese national culture by foreign audiences.

Russian Influence Operations during the Invasion of Ukraine

Prior to their invasion of Ukraine, the Russian Federation was seen as having a vastly superior ability to conduct operations in the information environment, particularly their ability to influence foreign audiences, when compared to their western counterparts (Cunningham, 2020). However, the efforts of Ukraine, NATO allies, and other aligned nations to conduct operations in the information environment with intelligence pre-bunking, traditional diplomacy, and sanctions, blunted many of Russia’s best efforts. Further tactical and operational failures from the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also undercut the salience of Russian messaging campaigns. This does not mean that Russia’s efforts in the informational environment fully failed or did not adapt to these actions in the lead-up and continuation of the war. Through the use of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique transformer-based topic modeling (Grootendorst, 2022) and the causal inference technique Bayesian Structural Time Series analysis (Brodersen, 2015) this paper looks to both qualitatively and quantitatively examine how Russian state media on Twitter reacted, changed narratives, and focused efforts regionally from January 1st through September 1st, 2022. Through this analysis we argue that Russian efforts in Europe may have been of limited success. We further argue that by shifting focus, Russia gained influence in South America, and Middle East and North Africa, where their influence operations faced minimal obstructions, such as sanctions, and a latent anti-western sentiment.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SWEDEN

The role of corporations in world politics continues to grow: today corporations are not only actors in world politics, whose capitalization competes with the nominal GDP of the world’s leading states. Nowadays corporations are the actors of public diplomacy gaining more and more weight. The goal of this article is to consider the theory of corporate public diplomacy and to research the formats of cooperation between the corporation and the state in the mutual promotion of their own brands on the example of the case study of the Swedish corporations IKEA, VOLVO, H&M: the article considers the use of the home country brand by the corporation in its own promotion, as well as the promotion of the national values of Sweden and the national brand of Sweden through advertising to a foreign audience. The article provides a SWOT analysis of corporate public diplomacy for both the state and the corporation, which demonstrates certain threats to both sides. As a conclusion a definition of corporate public diplomacy is given, based on the analysis of both the theoretical base and the practical operations of corporations.

The Nepali Army in Public Diplomacy

While describing the approach of 21st-century Public Diplomacy (PD), scholars, theorists, and practitioners have highlighted that dialogue-based or two-way communication is the most effective way of informing, engaging, and influencing a foreign audience in favor of a country’s foreign policy. State and non-state actors are considered effective vehicles for conducting two[1]way communication. However, theorists, scholars, and practitioners have neglected the role of military power (hard power resource with soft power behavior as appropriate), which could be an effective tool of PD. In conformity with Nepal’s peace-loving and cooperative identity projected into the international system, the Nepali Army (NA), essentially a hard power instrument, has demonstrated the ability to behave as a soft power apparatus which can be tailored to a coherent public diplomacy strategy in favor of the foreign policy of Nepal. Most importantly, because of global outreach and people-centric activities, the NA is capable and suitable tool for effectively handling PD activities to enhance the dignity and image of Nepal on the world stage. To explain the proposition qualitatively, this article undertakes an empirical investigation of the secondary data on the NA’s global outreach and its people-centric activities. The findings of this article could be useful in broadening the “Public Diplomacy” theory, and subsequently as policy guidelines for the Government of Nepal.

Export of tourist services of Belarus to China

The article discusses the institutional foundations of mutually beneficial Belarusian-Chinese tourism cooperation. The research aims to explore the state, problems, and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in China and Belarus and to develop proposals for the development of tourism export services to China. The authors examine the structure of the tourism industry in Belarus and China, the inductive prerequisites for the development of the tourism sector of the two countries, as well as global trends in the field of tourism related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention was paid to developing promising types of tourism in Belarus and China, such as "red," rural, folklore, digital, and “winter” tourism. The case of the Republic of Belarus, which may be helpful for Central and Eastern Europe countries, illustrates the possible directions for the growth of tourism export services to China, thanks to the optimisation of measures to prevent and control COVID-19. This optimisation contributed to the cross-border movement of Chinese citizens and opened up opportunities to attract Chinese tourists to the Belarusian market and the markets of Central and Eastern Europe. We have emphasised that for Belarus, achieving significant results in the development of the export of tourist services to China involves solving some essential tasks: conducting large-scale and ongoing advertising and informational campaigns to increase the awareness of foreign audiences about tourism products and recognition of the country as an attractive tourist destination; development and implementation of an incentive system for tour operators from China; performance of activities to adapt the service in hotels, airports, train stations, restaurants, museums to the individual characteristics and specific needs of tourists from China; improving the tax-free system to increase the interest of citizens from China in visiting Belarus.

Satire without borders: the age-moderated effect of one-sided versus two-sided satire on hedonic experiences and patriotism.

The differential satire effects across domestic and foreign audiences are largely unknown; yet, this is of growing relevance as political satire increasingly reaches international audiences. A two-country experiment was conducted in which satirical stimuli from the Netherlands with either a one-sided (only targeting the United States) or two-sided humorous message (targeting both the U.S. and the Netherlands) was presented to a domestic (in-group) or foreign (out-group) audience. Specifically, this study examines political satire's differential emotional and attitudinal impact on audiences located in the country-of-production (Netherlands) or abroad (U.S.). Results show that satire sidedness uniformly influenced hedonic enjoyment: compared to two-sided satire, one-sided satire elicited negative emotions and decreased positive emotions for both the in-group (Dutch) and the out-group (U.S.) audience. Yet, satire differentially affected patriotic attitudes. This effect was moderated by country and age: younger U.S. citizens became less patriotic after exposure to the one-sided satire that targeted their country and decreased their positive emotions; older U.S. citizens, in contrast, became more patriotic after exposure to this one-sided satire that particularly increased their negative emotions. The Dutch audience's level of patriotism remained stable irrespective of satire sidedness. Altogether, this study demonstrates how humor type, country-of-reception, and age matter for satire effects.

Public Diplomacy in Regional Integration: Strategizing Policy Goals

Contributing to the growing call on integrated public diplomacy approaches, this study examines the priorities and opportunities of public diplomacy activities in regional integration and it addresses a literature gap on the most favorable public diplomacy approach that would give regional blocs room to take a more strategic role in policy communications. The study briefly conceptualizes public diplomacy and regional integration through an integrative strategic communication framework grounded in relationship building as an end goal of public diplomacy. The study suggests a reconsideration of public diplomacy approaches through a two-way communication to both domestic and foreign audiences. It reveals structural challenges to grounded engagements, dialogue and collaboration strategies of co-existence, understanding mutual interdependence and relationship building. Through a contextual analysis, the study expounds the view of public diplomacy beyond governments and to that which downplays globalization and reintroduces territory into its governance.

Structural and Communicative Models with Target Semantics in a Complex Sentence in the Practice of Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language

The article deals with complex sentences of the goal from the point of view of their teaching in a foreign audience. The use of complex target sentences is one of the most difficult topics in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. In linguistic literature, the expression of target relations by a complex sentence does not find an unambiguous interpretation: there is a wide and narrow understanding of these sentences. Appeal in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language to the concept of a structural-communicative model allows us to limit the use of target sentences to cases of expressing self- and non-self-target relations. Such a division of syntactic relations expressed in a sentence is extremely relevant in Russian as a foreign language, since it reflects, firstly, the dynamics of the presentation of grammatical material depending on the level of foreign students’ language proficiency, and secondly, determines the volume of this material. Self-goal relations, expressed by means of a complex sentence, constitute the core as the most stable part of the functional-semantic field. These relations convey the meaning of the goal — the expression of the desired result as a purposeful action of the subject — in the most general form. In non-target sentences, goal relations are transformed into “purpose” relations, and the subject, represented explicitly or implicitly, is conceived as an indirectly subjective deagent carrier of the attribute. The main means of expressing proper and non-propertarget relations is the union to or its modifications: in order to, in order to, then in order to, in order to, in order to.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА К РАБОТЕ С ТЕКСТОМ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ИНОФОНОВ - БУДУЩИХ ЮРИСТОВ-МЕЖДУНАРОДНИКОВ

The article presents a functional and communicative model of working with professional text in the process of assimilating and producing a language thesaurus of international legal topics in Russian in a foreign audience at an advanced stage of training. The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated methodically grounded approach to the process of teaching the language of a specialty, in our case – the language of a future specialist in the field of international law and international relations. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the studied problematics, since the formation of professional competencies among foreigners occurs in Russian, which is a means of obtaining a specialty. The general scientific methods of cognition used in this study include observation and analysis of the text and linguistic material, an experiment to test the developed methodology, and analysis of the results obtained. The article substantiates an integrated approach to the study of professionally oriented text, describes the grammatical, lexical and conceptual difficulties characteristic of professional non-adapted texts and hindering their production by foreign students. The selected lexical material, on the basis of which the analysis of the integrated approach was carried out, was not previously included in such studies. In the conclusion of the article, the results of the experimental final testing of students are given, indicating the productivity of the described complex methodological training model.

СТРАННАЯ ШКОЛА ДЛЯ СТРАННЫХ ГЕРОЕВ: ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ОБЫДЕННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В СЕРИАЛЕ "ШКОЛЬНАЯ МЕДСЕСТРА АН ЫН ЁН"

The article analyzes the South Korean TV series in the genre of “fantasy” as a holistic text in order to identify the features of the construction of the space in which the action takes place. The popularity of series produced in the Republic of Korea is undeniable, as is their popularity with foreign audiences. However, not only the phenomenon of popularity itself and not only the reception of South Korean TV series abroad can be the subject of consideration in a humanitarian study. The construction of the narrative, the types of characters, the established standards and deviations from them – all that also represents a very promising material for analysis. Streaming services are increasingly becoming co-producers or sole producers of new series, among which Netflix stands out in particular. TV series created for exclusive demonstration on the Netflix platform are aimed not only at the domestic Korean audience, but also at the global one, therefore, from such series one can expect both tracing of global examples of the genre and bold experiments with South Korean standards. And the technical capabilities provided by Netflix allow the series in the fantasy genre to realize the rather complex ideas of the show’s creators. And the 2020 series “The School Nurse Files” very promising example of a South Korean fantasy TV series made for the Netflix platform.

The Use of Anthroponyms When Working on Russian Punctuation in a Foreign Audience

The Use of Anthroponyms When Working on Russian Punctuation in a Foreign Audience

Soft power in the conditions of war: the public diplomacy of Ukraine in the Republic of Lebanon

Abstract. Ukraine’s public diplomacy during the war, especially in the past year, has become an unprecedentedly effective tool for conveying what American researcher Joseph Nye defined as a state’s ‘soft power’. Through various tools and focus areas of public diplomacy, Ukraine has successfully raised foreign audiences’ awareness of its attractive aspects: its rich culture, cultural heritage, and traditions with deep historical roots and world-spanning connections to different peoples and countries. These public diplomacy efforts made it possible to demonstrate such bright and strong characteristics of Ukrainian society as heroism, courage, and resilience. For the first time in many years, Ukraine’s political values and ideals became clear and visible to foreign audiences and the leadership of foreign countries. Ukraine began to be identified and acknowledged as a country of freedom and democratic values. The article analyses several successful public diplomacy projects implemented by the Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of Lebanon under Ihor Ostash, the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Lebanon (2016–22), during russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The author details the content of specific unique cultural diplomacy projects that served as a critical element of public diplomacy, highlighting their impact on the Arab and, particularly, the Lebanese audience. Thus, the author emphasizes the methodical nature and valuable outcomes of the Embassy’s work amidst the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The conclusions identify several key aspects that must be considered for the sake of high-quality implementation of public diplomacy. Keywords: public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, soft power, Republic of Lebanon, Middle East, Arab world, Embassy of Ukraine in Lebanon, Ukrainian-Lebanese relations.

Associations per word holidays in the language consciousness of native Chinese speakers in comparison with the spontaneous stories of the Chinese about the holidays

The article explores two sets of keywords (KW) on the topic “Holidays”. The first one was selected in the course of a special experiment consisting of 20 spontaneous monologues — stories about holidays — pronounced by Chinese in Russian. These monologues were taken from the corpus of Russian monologue speech “Balanced Annotated Text Library”. The experiment involved 40 native Russian speakers, all philologists, who have an idea of what a keyword is. The second set of KWs was obtained during a free association experiment on the word holidays, which was attended by 146 native Chinese speakers living (at the time of participation in the experiment) both in Russia and in China. Comparison of the results of two different experiments showed a great similarity of the obtained sets of KWs, which ensured, among other things, the content integrity of the recorded texts. The proposed method of associative experiment and search for keywords in oral monologue-stories seems to be quite promising in the analysis of corpus material, and the results can be useful both in theoretical and practical terms. In the first case, we can talk about studying the influence of the primary linguistic personality on the secondary linguistic personality, as well as about the features of the formation of this secondary linguistic personality, which is a foreigner studying a second language. In the second case, the obtained data can help to understand whether native Chinese speakers, when speaking and thinking in their non-native Russian language, are using the same or different ways of thinking, same or different lexicon, and also whether the speaker’s gender influences the choice of one or another word. These data can be useful in the practice of teaching the Russian language to a foreign (in particular, Chinese) audience

“Политическая война” 2.0 (США vs Россия – миг между прошлым и будущим)

The article analyzes the political conflict between Russia and the U.S. that started in February 2022 within the framework of the “political warfare” (POLWAR) concept. Focusing specifically on the dimension of information and ideas as a primary field for confrontation, the author seeks to define and evaluate the tendencies related to the American public diplomacy (PD) that have emerged in 2022–2023. The analysis covers three levels: structural level (observing the formal structure of the U.S. PD), practical level (observing the main activities related to the POLWAR topic) and theoretical level (observing the development that took place in the relevant discourse of American expert and political communities). The article discovers several tendencies. There seems to be little action on the structural level: the systemic crisis of the American PD remains in place, indicated by a structural atrophy, lack of leadership and the absence of political will for change. Trends on the practical level demonstrate the defensive “political warfare” tactics: the intensification of “countering disinformation” activities focuses on disputing and discrediting information and narratives of Russian origin, whereas measures taken by the United States and allies against Russian media, journalists, public diplomacy organizations and activists are aimed at restricting access of the Western audience to Russian information sources. On the theoretical level, the emergence and spread of “domestic public diplomacy” and “reputational security” concepts in the U.S. among expert and political communities calls for attention. While “reputational security” (proposing the elevation of PD from an optional to the core element of foreign policy) definitely implies a trend towards considering public diplomacy and other related activities more seriously because of the POLWAR, the “domestic public diplomacy” concept reinforces the defensive tactics in the POLWAR by suggesting the adaptation of PD practices (traditionally used to influence foreign audiences) for the domestic audience. At the end, the author draws a conclusion, suggesting that the choice of the defensive tactics by the United States in the “political warfare” against Russia was determined not by limited resources for the offensive tactics but rather by expectations of the opponent’s behavior. The article compares the current POLWAR with the “political warfare” that took place between the U.S. and the USSR, and reveals some similarities: at the start of the previous POLWAR, the USSR had an advantage of developed and proven effective system of institutes, instruments and activities for influencing foreign public, incorporated into the foreign policy processes. Today, roughly speaking, the United States possess the same advantage due to the well-known American PD system. In the past, with the roles reversed, the U.S. chose to focus its efforts on influencing the public opinion of the opponent’s population undermining their POLWAR capabilities from within. Thus, there is a high probability that the choice of defensive tactics in the modern “political warfare” was made by the U.S. because the same approach (a massive campaign aimed at America’s population and at the population of western allies) is expected from Russia. According to the author’s assessment, such an approach to POLWAR is rather precarious. First, by focusing the “political warfare” efforts on the defense Washington risks losing some positions in the field of influencing the international community. Second, no one can predict how the systemic problems of the American public diplomacy might manifest in the process of adapting the PD activities to influencing the domestic audience.