Strength Of Force Research Articles

The evolution of wave impacts on the anthropogenically altered Modaomen Estuary in the Pearl River Delta

AbstractAnthropogenic changes can significantly alter estuarine environments and their fluvial–marine interactions. In this study, we investigate the evolution of wave impacts on the Modaomen Estuary (Pearl River Delta, China) in response to man‐made changes by quantifying the relative strength of fluvial and wave forces and by analysing morphological changes. River sediment input to the estuary has decreased significantly due to dam construction and decreased sediment diversion at junctions of the estuary due to sand excavation. The nearshore wave power and potential maximum alongshore sediment transport have increased substantially due to an intensive seaward extension of the coastline caused by estuarine regulation projects. Consequently, the Modaomen Estuary has shifted from a river‐dominated environment to one alternately controlled by wave and river effects, with waves being dominant in the dry season. Morphological alterations due to anthropogenic modifications in the Modaomen Estuary are characterized by a rotation of shoals from perpendicular to the coast to parallel to the coast, a straightening of the shoreline, and development of an asymmetrical subaqueous delta with a strong littoral drift, indicating evident wave impacts on estuarine morphological evolution.

Numerical analysis of Casson nanofluid three-dimensional flow over a rotating frame exposed to a prescribed heat flux with viscous heating

This study investigates heat transfer characteristics and three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid over a linearly stretching flat surface in the rotating frame of a reference. The current model includes the Buongiorno nanofluid model comprises nanoparticles’ haphazard motion and thermo-migration. It also considered mechanisms for viscous heating and constant heat flux at the boundary. The nonlinear partial differential system modeling includes the non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and the boundary layer approximation. The system governing equations were nondimensionalized and numerically solved. A parametric study was conducted to analyze the significance of dimensionless parameters on velocities, the concentration, temperatures, Nusselt number, friction factors, and Sherwood number. The study reveals that the Casson nanoliquid temperature enhanced significantly due to the mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration. The momentum layer thickness of nano Casson fluid reduced due to the rotation phenomenon while the thermal layer structure amended notably. In the absence of rotation, there is no transverse velocity. The thermal layer structure is enhanced owing to the viscous heating process. The intense haphazard motion and thermo-migration mechanisms lead to maximum heat transfer rate at the plate. In addition, results show that the Coriolis force strength elevation shows similar axial and transverse velocities behavior. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration is observed higher due to the rotation aspect and Casson fluid parameter. Furthermore, the Casson fluid factor decreases with velocities, but the trend is the opposite for the high Casson fluid factor. The thermal and solute layer thickness growth is due to the nanoparticles’ thermo-diffusion. In conclusion, the larger rotation factor increases the friction factors. The maximum plate heat transfer rate is when higher Nb and Nt are higher.

Multifunctional Virus Manipulation with Large‐Scale Arrays of All‐Dielectric Resonant Nanocavities

AbstractSpatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.

Coupled analysis of a high rate of fire artillery considering temperature rise

In order to study the influence of the temperature rise of the inner chamber on the dynamic characteristics of the projectile during the continuous firing process of the artillery, the thermal-mechanical coupling finite element model of the projectile and the barrel is established based on the damage effect of the projectile and the ductile damage fracture. The dynamic characteristics of the projectile in the process of squeezing into the projectile after continuous shooting are obtained by calculation, and the influence of different numbers of continuous fire on the movement characteristics and force of the projectile is discussed. The research results show that the temperature response of the wall of the barrel inside the barrel rises in a regular and periodic pulse-like shape during burst shooting; the temperature rise after 7 bursts and 20 bursts has an effect on the movement, force and structural strength of the projectile in the bore. The impact is not obvious.

807 Peak Force of the Posterior Ligamentous Complex is Lower in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity Requiring Revision Surgery

INTRODUCTION: Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) is observed in up to 40% of those undergoing fusion surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Despite common use of surgical techniques reinforcing ligamentous integrity (e.g. tethering, augmentation), it is unknown whether ligamentous biomechanics are impaired in this population. METHODS: Sample: 23 consented individuals with a diagnosis of ASD undergoing primary (N=14) or revision (N=9) multilevel spinal fusions (>4 levels). Intraoperative biopsies of the PLC were harvested 2 levels below the upper instrumented level (primary) or at the failed junctional segment (revision). Peak force (strength) and elastic modulus (stiffness) were compared between primary and revision groups using independent student t-tests, and relationships between biomechanical parameters and patient characteristics evaluated. RESULTS: Participants in the revision group were older (73.3(3.6) years) than the primary group (54.7(19.2)years), p=0.02, but did not differ in number of fused vertebrae (12.0(4.3); primary and (11.3(3.4); revision), p=0.71). Mean pre-operative Vitamin D levels were 40.6(11.5), spino-vertebral angle (SVA) was 54.4(56.8) degrees, Pelvic Tilt (PT) was 24.1(11.0) degrees, Pelvic Incidence-Lumbar Lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) was 15.3(22.4) degrees, and Proximal Junctional Kyphosis (PJK) was 9.4(8.1) degrees. Mean post-operative SVA was 8.3(28.2) degrees, PT was 20.6(6.9) degrees, PI-LL was 4.4(10.0) degrees, and PJK was 12.0 (10.5) degrees. Peak force was significantly lower in the revision group (143.1(72.5) N) compared to the primary group (238.5(109.8) N), p=0.03. There were no differences in ligament stiffness between the primary (5.9(2.0) MPa) and revision groups (5.3(3.1) MPa), p=0.92). There was a significant association between greater peak force and lower age (r=-0.56, p=0.003), larger ligament area (r=0.50, p=0.015), lower vitamin D levels (r=-0.63, p=0.015), and lower pre-operative PI-LL (r=-0.53, p=0.014). There was also a significant association between greater ligament stiffness and greater post-operative PJK (r=0.60, p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Peak force of the posterior ligamentous complex in individuals undergoing revision surgery was <60% of those undergoing primary surgery, suggesting an important role of ligament in stabilization of the proximal junctional interface in patients with ASD, particularly in older individuals.

Numerical Study of the Fluid Flow Around the Vertical, Deviated, and Horizontal Gas Condensate Wells From the Perspective of Fundamental Forces

Abstract The well performance in gas condensate reservoirs (GCRs) is an essential factor addressing the condensate recovery. A vast and growing number of studies, including numerical simulations, have compared the deliverability of vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells in GCRs, because of the high economical values gained from these fields; it is worthy of further investigation from a new point of view. Here, we conduct an investigation into the well performance in different cases (vertical, deviated, and horizontal) in GCRs based on the fundamental forces that exist around the well. The most important fundamental forces affecting the fluid flow are inertial, viscous, capillary, and gravitational forces. The force ratios were expressed as some dimensionless numbers to adequately assess and compare the relative strength of fundamental forces around the well. These dimensionless numbers were calculated using simulation results and data from a real GCR which is in the Middle East for three cases of vertical, deviated, and horizontal wells. As a result, a general graphical representation was provided to indicate the relative importance of fundamental forces in different reservoir’ regions. The results of this study, as a qualitative criterion, can be used in checking or modifying the relative permeability correlations of GCRs.

Two ecological gradients drive phenotypic differentiation of a cave fish over a few hundred metres

AbstractEcological gradients can drive adaptive phenotypic diversification, but the extent of local adaptation depends on the strength, temporal stability and spatial dimensions of selective forces at play. We examined diversification in morphology and life histories of a live-bearing fish (Poecilia mexicana) that has adapted to two concomitant gradients: differential light regimes and toxicity levels in and around a hydrogen sulphide-rich cave. Even though typical ranging distances of P. mexicana exceed the spatial dimensions of both gradients (few hundred metres), clines in head size, body depth, male and female lean mass, offspring size, fecundity and maternal provisioning strategies tracked both gradients. Comparison of two life-history samplings from 2007/2008 and 2014 revealed remarkable temporal stability, even though some degree of temporal variation was seen in fat content and investment into reproduction. Our study demonstrates how patterns of phenotypic gradient evolution can emerge when spatially and temporally stable, strong selection forces alter selective landscapes, resulting in alternate fitness optima of different locally adapted genotypes and impeding individuals’ movement even at a spatial scale far below the species’ potential lifetime ranging distance. This is further evidence for the role of active colonization and gradual adaptation to cave environments in the evolution of some cave organisms.

Experimental and numerical studies on low‐velocity impact damage of composite laminates toughened by nickel‐coated carbon fiber veil

AbstractThe low‐velocity impact response of carbon fiber composite laminates toughened by nickel‐coated carbon fiber (NiCF) veil interleaves was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experimental results indicated that the impact resistance of laminates with a layer of NiCF veil of 34 g/m2inserted in the midplane was improved, especially in terms of increased peak impact force and residual compressive strength (by 16.15%), and reduced damage area (by 30.92%). The enhancement mechanisms were attributed to the breakage, pull‐out, and crack bridging of the NiCF veil, as well as the peeling of nickel coating, which enhanced the carbon fiber/resin interfacial adhesion. A numerical model based on continuum damage mechanics and cohesive zone model was developed and its validity was verified. The simulation results confirmed that NiCF veils reduced energy absorption by enhancing the interlaminar properties of laminates, thereby reducing impact damage. Moreover, laminates with higher areal density and more layers of NiCF veils had higher impact force and smaller damage area, and thus had better impact resistance.

Load-bearing capacity and failure mechanism of integrated fluted-core composite sandwich cylinders

Fluted-core sandwich composites have a promising prospect in lightweight engineering applications due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio. Herein, trapezoidal fluted-core sandwich composite cylinders made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics were designed and integrally fabricated to improve the deformation stability. The effects of circumferential cell number and wall thickness on the bearing characteristics and failure mechanism were assessed by quasi-static uniaxial compression and finite element analysis (FEA). The results revealed that local buckling was likely to appear in sandwich cylinders with small number of cells, leading to undesirable bearing capacity and inferior material utilization. Increasing the cell number and wall thickness could effectively improve the critical local buckling load. Considering the lightweight design requirements, the specific buckling load could be enhanced by increasing the core-rib to facesheet thickness ratio. Nevertheless, with the increase of the thickness ratio, the specific peak force increased rapidly first and then was almost saturated. Furthermore, an analytical approach with high computational efficiency was employed to predict the critical local buckling load. The theoretical predictions agreed well with the FEA results for the cylinders with large number of cells. Compared to other published composite cylindrical shells, the typical specimen fabricated in this study exhibited the highest specific peak force (563.4 kN/kg) and superior specific compressive strength (37.98 MPa/kg), demonstrating great application potential for large-size and lightweight launch-vehicle shell structures.

Herding stochastic autonomous agents via local control rules and online target selection strategies

We propose a simple yet effective set of local control rules to make a small group of “herder agents” collect and contain in a desired region a large ensemble of non-cooperative, non-flocking stochastic “target agents” in the plane. We investigate the robustness of the proposed strategies to variations of the number of target agents and the strength of the repulsive force they feel when in proximity of the herders. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed in both simulations in ROS and experiments on real robots.

The Import of Capital Taxes and Environmental Standards Compared To Agglomeration on Capital Flow

The effect of competition for mobile capital on local (jurisdictional) policy making is critical to the fiscal-environmental federalism literature. This existing body of literature, however, is deficient in examinations of how influential local policy levers, environmental standards and taxation, compare with fundamental capital location determinants like agglomeration forces. The purpose of this investigation is to broaden the agglomeration augmented interjurisdictional competition model to effectively compare local policy and agglomeration influences on capital flow. When jurisdictions do not have access to forms of taxation that allow for the efficiency of public goods provision, agglomeration forces notably impact fiscal policy weight. Herein, the magnitude of agglomeration directly effects the determination of the capital tax rate which in turn influences the provision of public goods. Subsequent inefficient public goods provision will distort the local choice of environmental standards. The capital tax must be complimented by 'benefit' taxation to finance efficient public expenditure. Interestingly, when public goods are provided efficiently, the capital tax doubles as a Pigovian remedy and a subsidy instrument depending, largely, on the strength of agglomeration forces.

Development and Characterization of Thai Fish Cake (Tod Mun Pla) Fortified with Sago Palm Weevil Larvae (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)

Edible insects are promoted as new alternative sustainable sources of food. However, consumption is still limited to specific groups of consumers because of food neophobia and unwillingness to eat insects. One of the techniques that can alleviate the neophobia is to process edible insects into familiar foods. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and characterize Thai fish cake (Tod mun pla, TFC) fortified with sago palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) (SPWL). Different ratios of fish mince: sago palm weevil at 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20: 80, (w/w), were investigated. The breaking force, deformation and gel strength of TFC increased (P<0.05) while the expressible moisture content (P<0.05) decreased when the ratio of SPWL was increased. Texture profile analysis (TPA) of TFC was improved when low levels of SPWL were added, particularly at the treatment of 80:20 (P<0.05). The color of TFC intensified when fortified with SPWL (P<0.05). Oily characteristics of TFC were observed with SPWL incorporation at a higher level as indicated by stereomicroscope, a result which was concomitant with the greater fat content (P<0.05). Fortifying the TFC with SPWL at the ratio of 80:20 (w/w) provided the highest sensory acceptance for all attributes amongst all treatments. However, higher ratios of SPWL had a negative effect on sensory acceptance. Therefore, TFC fortified with SPWL at an appropriate level could reduce food neophobia and increase sensory acceptance.

Single-Molecule Force Probing of RGD-Binding Integrins on Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Integrin-targeting arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-based nanocarriers have been widely used for tumor imaging, monitoring of tumor development, and delivery of anticancer drugs. However, the thermodynamics of an RGD-integrin formation and dissociation associated with binding dynamics, affinity, and stability remains unclear. Here, we probed the binding strength of the binary complex to live pancreatic cancer cells using single-molecule binding force spectroscopy methods, in which RGD peptides were functionalized on a force probe tip through poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based bifunctional linker molecules. While the density of integrin αV receptors on the cell surface varies more than twofold from cell line to cell line, the individual RGD-integrin complexes exhibited a cell type-independent, monovalent bond strength. The load-dependent bond strength of multivalent RGD-integrin interactions scaled sublinearly with increasing bond number, consistent with the noncooperative, parallel bond model. Furthermore, the multivalent bonds ruptured sequentially either by one or in multiples, and the force strength was comparable to the synchronous rupture force. Comparison of energy landscapes of the bond number revealed a substantial decrease of kinetic off-rates for multivalent bonds, along with the increased width of the potential well and the increased potential barrier height between bound and unbound states, enhancing the stability of the multivalent bonds between them.

Design considerations of gold nanoantenna dimers for plasmomechanical transduction.

Internal optical forces emerging from plasmonic interactions in gold nanodisc, nanocube and nanobar dimers were studied by the finite element method. A direct correlation between the electric-field enhancement and optical forces was found by observing the largest magnitude of optical forces in nanocube dimers. Moreover, further amplification of optical forces was achieved by employing optical power of the excitation source. The strength of optical forces was observed to be governed by the magnitude of polarisation density on the nanoparticles, which can be varied by modifying the nanoparticle geometry and source wavelength. This study allows us to recognise that nanoparticle geometry along with the inter-dimer distance are the most prominent design considerations for optimising optical forces in plasmonic dimers. The findings facilitate the realisation of all-optical modulation in a plasmomechanical nanopillar system, which has promising applications in ultra-sensitive nanomechanical sensing and building reconfigurable metamaterials.

Mechanism Study of Hydrocarbon Differential Distribution Controlled by the Activity of Growing Faults in Faulted Basins: Case Study of Paleogene in the Wang Guantun Area, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Abstract Mechanisms that lead to different quantities of hydrocarbon accumulation in complex fault blocks are a major subject that impacts further development plans of oil and gas fields. To better understand such mechanisms, fault activity has been interpreted along with existing electron micrographs from the fault zone, petrophysical data, and the occurrence of the seismic pump. This enabled us to investigate the controlling mechanisms of the growth faults and other associated faults with the main growth fault in the Wang Guantun area that could have impacted hydrocarbon distribution. The results showed that the activity of Kongdong growth fault is periodic and intermittent, which produced strong seismic pumping action. Furthermore, a series of secondary faults were generated in adjacent strata due to the fault activity, which could have led to the formation of a secondary seismic pump source. A combination of these two incidents is believed to influence the differential distribution of hydrocarbons in the area, in fault-associated reservoirs. Ultimately, we correlated the activity of the growth fault to the strength of the pumping force causing the distribution of hydrocarbons in the active parts of the faults (pump source position) on the horizontal plane and vertically located reservoirs to be more dominant.

Freezing-Tolerant, Nondrying, Stretchable, and Adhesive Organohydrogels Inspired by the DNA Double Helix Structure for a Flexible Dual-Response Sensor

Due to the unique flexibility and modifiability of hydrogels, hydrogel-based wearable sensors have drawn tremendous attention. However, traditional hydrogels rigidify or dehydrate at extreme temperatures because their included water freezes or evaporates, which greatly impedes the development and practical application of the hydrogel-based wearable sensor. Herein, a temperature-tolerant organohydrogel with self-healing properties, adhesiveness, plasticity, and high stretchability was designed by introducing the specific base pairs, adenine (A) and thymine (T), into the polyacrylamide network in a water–glycerol (Gly) binary solvent. The gelation process was mainly driven by the covalent cross-linking and the complementary base pairing of the double helix structure of DNA. The prepared organohydrogels exhibited a tensile strength of 35 kPa, a toughness of 667 kJ m–3, and were highly flexibile with a rupture elongation of 3870%. Moreover, the organohydrogel demonstrated an excellent adhesive performance toward diverse organic and inorganic substrates. The organohydrogel displayed a maximum peeling force and adhesion strength of organohydrogel to filter paper of 149 and 122 kPa, respectively. In addition, the organohydrogel presented a rapid self-healing efficiency, long-term moisture retention, and good conductivity, even at subzero temperatures (−20 °C), and can be assembled as a dual strain and thermal sensor to realize the dual-sensing. The organohydrogel strain sensor exhibited a higher sensing sensitivity [gauge factor (GF) = 11.99] over a broad strain range (∼660%) and long-term durability (>135 cycles) and can be attached to the human body to monitor human motion in real-time. Significantly, the organohydrogel still maintained its high strain sensitivity (GF = 9.76) even at a lower temperature. We envisage that this study will provide a theoretical guidance for the design and development of multifunctional conductive hydrogels with antifreezing and antidrying properties and extend the application of the hydrogel-based sensor in electronic skin, flexible control panel, wearable devices, and health monitoring in extreme environments.

Effectiveness of resistance programs in wheelchair users shoulder function: A systematic review

Literature presents promising results regarding exercise programs to reduce shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users. However, there is a lack of systematization and specific usefulness of resistance training programs. Thus, the study objective was to analyze the effectiveness of resistance training programs in reducing shoulder pain, and to increase shoulder strength and function in manual wheelchair users (MWUs). A Boolean search strategy adapted for Pubmed, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo Science databases was undertaken (up to February 2021) to identify all studies measuring changes in shoulder strength, pain, and/or function after implementing a resistance training program in MWUs. Two independent reviewers selected articles based on following criteria: MWUs, participants' age, study design and intervention types. Also, reviewers performed the study quality assessment, risk-of-bias analysis and data extraction. Of the 124 obtained publications, a total of 9 studies met the inclusion criteria, being evaluated through PEDro Scale (mean quality score in four or below) and uncertain risk of bias according to Cochrane Scale assessment. The studies shows that: one-repetition maximum (12-60%), isometric peak force (25-36%) and isokinetic muscle strength (10-30%) increased following resistance training interventions. Significant reductions (22-85%) in shoulder pain (WUSPI score) were found after resistance training interventions. In addition, shoulder function (evaluated by DASH questionnaire) improved (12-60%) following resistance training. The present review highlights the usefulness of resistance training programs to improve muscular strength and shoulder function and to reduce shoulder pain in MWUs. These results have significant practical applications to improve the quality of life of MWUs.

Aiding or opposing electro-osmotic flow of Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid induced by peristaltic waves using Buongiorno model

Peristaltic flow in a symmetric channel containing Carreau–Yasuda (CY) nanofluid is studied through a Buongiorno model. The flow field is being assisted or opposed by electro-kinetic body force. Lubrication approximation along with Debye–Huckel linearization assumption is executed to simplify the governing model. Computational results are executed through a shooting method for values of parameters. The solutions contain a parameter measuring the relative strength of electro-osmotic force. In this study, values of are considered in the range . However, power-law index and Weissenberg number , appearing in the CY-model, are varied within and , respectively. Furthermore, Brinkman number is kept in the interval with Prandtl number assumed fixed at . A marked increase in the heat transfer coefficient is detected provided that is sufficiently large. No noticeable change in temperature profile is detected when Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters are varied. For physically realistic results, these parameters are assumed to be of the order , as suggested in a recent study. A marked variation in the concentration field occurs whenever the ratio of Brownian to thermophoretic diffusion changes. Streamlines are also computed for a variety of parameter values, which reveal that the size of trapped boluses shrinks as we increase the strength of electro-osmotic force.

In Silico Study to Enhance Delivery Efficiency of Charged Nanoscale Nasal Spray Aerosols to the Olfactory Region Using External Magnetic Fields.

Various factors and challenges are involved in efficiently delivering drugs using nasal sprays to the olfactory region to treat central nervous system diseases. In this study, computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate nasal drug delivery to (1) examine effects on drug deposition when various external magnetic fields are applied to charged particles, (2) comprehensively study effects of multiple parameters (i.e., particle aerodynamic diameter; injection velocity magnitude, angle, and position; magnetic force strength and direction), and (3) determine how to achieve the optimal delivery efficiency to the olfactory epithelium. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations governed airflow, with a realistic inhalation waveform implemented at the nostrils. Particle trajectories were modeled using the one-way coupled Euler–Lagrange model. A current-carrying wire generated a magnetic field to apply force on charged particles and direct them to the olfactory region. Once drug particles reached the olfactory region, their diffusion through mucus to the epithelium was calculated analytically. Particle aerodynamic diameter, injection position, and magnetic field strength were found to be interconnected in their effects on delivery efficiency. Specific combinations of these parameters achieved over 65-fold higher drug delivery efficiency compared with uniform injections with no magnetic fields. The insight gained suggests how to integrate these factors to achieve the optimal efficiency.

Muscle volume vs. anatomical cross-sectional area: Different muscle assessment does not affect the muscle size-strength relationship

Muscle volume (MV) and anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) are used as measures of muscle-size, but determining these from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very time-consuming process. Additionally, it is unclear if the use of different muscle size assessments (all vs. reduced number of slices images) would impact the muscle size-strength relationship. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if muscle size calculation by using a reduced or all slices images from pectoralis major (PM) would maintain a similar muscle size-strength relationship with bilateral maximal dynamic and isometric contractions on a bench press exercise. Twenty-four healthy males underwent an MRI examination to measure PM muscle size, and maximal isometric and dynamic contractions (by one repetition maximum, 1RM) were performed. Correlations between maximal isometric voluntary force (MVF) and dynamic strength (1RM) with muscle size variables [three images from the largest part of PM (CSA3MAX), three images accounting for the shape -first image, middle image, final image- of the PM (CSA3), and MV] were performed. The correlation between 1RM with MV, CSA3, and CSA3MAX were 0.84, 0.832, and 0.727 (p < 0.001), respectively. The correlation between MVF with MV, CSA3, and CSA3MAX were 0.738, 0.733, and 0.604 (p < 0.001), respectively. Overall, PM MV and CSA3 exhibit a stronger and similar muscle size-strength relationship during maximal dynamic and isometric tests than CSA3MAX. Therefore, a reduced number of slices (CSA3) could be used as an alternative to considerably reduce the time of analysis without compromise muscle size-strength relationship.