Force Regulation Research Articles

Translation and certification of documents in due process, with particular reference to questioned and electronic documents

Aim: The study aims to provide guidance on how to avoid that forged evidence sneaks in Hungarian-language proceedings with foreign-language documents, even in the absence of relevant and detailed legislative provisions.Methodology: The fundamental problem is to consider which is serving better the certainty of judgment: translating a document of concern for the purpose of evidence in court, while indicating the fact that it is of concern, or refusing a request for a certified translation. The author has analysed the following sources: general principles and ethical guidelines for translators; rules of procedural law and legal literature on documentary evidence; case-law of the Curia of Hungary on the issue of certainty of judgment; instruments in force governing the activities of the Hungarian Office for Translation and Attestation Ltd. (OFFI or State Translation Agency) as well as previously repealed instruments on documents of concern; OFFI’s internal rules and regulations in force on handling documents of concern and translation certification.Findings: By virtue of the general legal principle of law, certified translations enjoy public confidence. As regards the certification of documents of concern, legislation on technical (aka specialised) translation and certified translation is incomplete. Only certified translations on paper or electronic documents with an unquestionable authenticity in the translation process, can be used for documentary evidence. Inappropriate use of terminology, ambiguous wording not specific to the source language, or translation of documents that are of concern for any other reason may lead to an unlawful or incorrect linguistic transmission of the content. As a language intermediary certification body, OFFI is responsible for the certification of document translations and its internal rules provide guidance on how to handle doubtful situations in a transparent manner.Value: Nowadays, social mobility goes hand in hand with an increase in the cross-border circulation of documents. At the same time, the increasing number of documents awaiting translation and appearing to be of concern may require to re-design the legislation applicable to those documents. In the appendix of the paper, the author departing from the OFFI’s existing system of concepts, provides a definition to a possible regulatory solution, while leaving it to the legislator to decide whether a document of concern should be translated, and then its certified translation should bear the translator’s remark on the concern about its content, or its certified translation should be refused anyway.

Personal thermoregulation by mid-infrared engineered materials

Regulation of human thermal radiation plays a vital role in personal heat management. Conventional textiles cannot satisfy the demands for dynamic heat dissipation because of their high emissivities. Recent studies on the regulation of textile emissivity through electricity, heat, sweat, and force have made significant progress in resolving this conundrum. However, this technology is still plagued by weak wearability, low stability, and limited dynamic regulation amplitude of heating/cooling. In this review, we first explain the heat transfer model of adjustable heat radiation smart textiles to comprehend the boundary conditions of heat management in this technology. The regulatory principles and recent developments related to electricity, heat, sweat, and force regulation are then systematically summarized. Finally, the difficulties encountered and future development directions are discussed. Therefore, it is necessary to rapidly promote the practical application of adjustable heat-radiating smart textiles.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ МОСТІВ: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

Introduction. This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor the technical condition of bridges and predict the service life of structures. It outlines the relevance of this issue, analyzes recent research and publications, defines the purpose and objectives of the study, and describes the main material, results, conclusions, and prospects for further research. Problem Statement. Monitoring the technical condition of bridges and predicting their service life requires a lot of time to process the results of the survey and determine the actual technical condition of the bridge elements. Purpose. To analyze the possibility of using artificial intelligence to monitor the technical condition of bridges and predict their service life. To establish the reliability of the data obtained in comparison with traditional methods of assessing the technical condition. Materials and methods. To analyze the possibility of using artificial intelligence to monitor the technical condition of bridges, we use available resources and databases on the Internet. State standards and regulations in force in Ukraine are used as initial data for the assessment.

Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien Post Operasi Fraktur Femur dengan Masalah Keperawatan Nyeri Akut dengan Intervensi Inovasi Terapi Benson

This study aims to relieve or reduce pain to a level of comfort felt by postoperative femur fracture patients. The method used is descriptive analysis research design with case studies and the number of samples is 1 patient, the instrument is a format Medical surgical nursing care in accordance with the regulations in force at the institution. The results showed that the results obtained from the analysis of one of the patients who received Benson relaxation therapy, namely the patient said that after the Benson relaxation therapy was done, the patient said he felt more calm, less pain. This shows that gasoline relaxation is effective after surgery. Conclusion, based on research giving benson relaxation is very effective for reducing pain in postoperative femoral fracture patients.
 
 Keywords: Acute, Benson, Femur Fracture, Pain, Relaxation.

Physico-chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Coltan Ores from the Tanganyika Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The physico-chemical, mineralogical, and radioactive characterization of coltan ores has the ad-vantage of facilitating the prediction of the various hydrometallurgical methods to be implemented to pro-duce tantalum and niobium in their pure state, taking into account the content of their oxides and that of accompanying impurities. At the end of this investigation, we noted that the coltan ores collected from the four mining sites in Tanganyika province did not have the same mineralogy or the same chemical composition in terms of tantalum and niobium oxides and accompanying impurities. These ores contain a mineralogy that looks like either struëverite, euxènite, colombo-tantalite or tantalite. Moreover, the coltan from this province presented no risk of exposure to ionizing radiation, given the radioactivity values found by the dosimeter and whose average value in milli-Sieverts per year remained well below the threshold set in the regulations in force in DR Congo. We found an average value of 0.143 mSv/year versus 20 mSv/year featured in the law of March 29, 2005, and promulgated in the official gazette of country.

A low-cost 2-D sarcomere model to demonstrate titin-related mechanisms for force production.

Given the recently proposed three-filament theory of muscle contraction, we present a low-cost physical sarcomere model aimed at illustrating the role of titin in the production of active force in skeletal muscle. With inexpensive materials, it is possible to illustrate actin-myosin cross-bridge interactions between the thick and thin filaments and demonstrate the two different mechanisms by which titin is thought to contribute to active and passive muscle force. Specifically, the model illustrates how titin, a molecule with springlike properties, may increase its stiffness by binding free calcium upon muscle activation and reducing its extensible length by attaching itself to actin, resulting in the greater force-generating capacity after an active than a passive elongation that has been observed experimentally. The model is simple to build and manipulate, and demonstration to high school students was shown to result in positive perception and improved understanding of the otherwise complex titin-related mechanisms of force production in skeletal and cardiac muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our physical sarcomere model illustrates not only the classic view of muscle contraction, the sliding filament and cross-bridge theories, but also the newly discovered role of titin in force regulation, called the three-filament theory. The model allows for easy visualization of the role of titin in muscle contraction and aids in explaining complex muscle properties that are not captured by the traditional cross-bridge theory.

Application of Income Tax on Foreign Workers in Indonesia

The presence of foreign workers working in Indonesia creates rights and obligations for the foreign workers themselves. These rights and obligations are regulated by the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia, including rules relating to taxation. Foreign workers who are in Indonesia can become tax law subjects in Indonesia, so that their rights and obligations in the field of taxation apply. In order for legal regulations in the field of taxation to be implemented properly, efforts are needed to apply income tax laws to foreign workers who work in Indonesia. This paper discusses the legal basis for the imposition of income tax for foreign workers in Indonesia and the forms of accountability for violators of income tax arrangements for foreign workers in Indonesia. Based on this writing, foreign workers are a subject of income tax in Indonesia and can be subject to domestic tax or foreign tax subject. The determination is based on how long they have been in Indonesia, because they get income for what they do in Indonesia. Meanwhile, if there is an abuse related to income tax against foreign workers, in this case the tax deduction is carried out by the company where the foreign worker works, then the person who gets the sanction for the occurrence of the fraud is the party who withheld the income tax.

Cooperation with third countries in combating money laundering in the face of modern challenges

Abstract The study is devoted to the issue of international cooperation in combating money laundering as a transnational crime. It is an original scientific article, the purpose of which is to highlight the difficulties that, in the current global situation, are posed by cooperation with third countries, i.e., those that are not members of the European Union. The analysis covers several thematic areas that are of key importance in this regard (using the formal dogmatic method). The specificity of the regulations in force in other countries was also indicated, particularly in the context of modern technologies and threats of cyber-laundering (incorporating elements of the legal and comparative method). As a result, conclusions were drawn regarding the challenges that the fight against laundering raises on the international arena, extending beyond the structures of the EU. The conclusion suggests directions for actions that would be desirable to undertake in order to ensure effective international cooperation with third countries in the field of combating money laundering.

Poprawa wydajności narzędzia frezującego poprzez zmniejszenie temperatury w strefie frezowania w zależności od parametrów trybu głównego

Maintenance of equipment and tools used in the overhaul of oil and gas wells depends on the reliability and durability of the tool. The recovery process of damaged wells can be accelerated by choosing the right repair equipment and following the rules and regulations in force. Cutting equipment and tools operating under high pressure and load are deformed, in the cutting zone – dispersion, i.e., a tense situation is created, and as a result of corrosion in the tribonodes, high temperatures, such as 1000–1200°C, are observed. The stress-strain state created in the shear-disintegration zone causes the formation of microcracks in the working zone of the tool, which will grow over a certain period of time. Thus, the cutting elements wear out quickly, in some cases break and quickly fail. In this case, the structural composition of the cutting elements changes, and the structural lattice in metals is destroyed, resulting in riveting. To maintain the equipment and tools used in repairs in working order, one of the important conditions is their special care and adjustment of the mode parameters. This article discusses the increase in the efficiency of the milling tool with the use of cooling agents in the process of milling various metal objects left during accidents in the wellbore. To do this, experimental data were processed, based on regression analysis, mathematical formulas were obtained that describe the temperature process depending on various regime parameters of the grinding process, and their graphical dependences were plotted. A transition from linear regression to non-linear regression has been made. The results obtained make it possible to predict the classification and design schemes of borehole cutters and the choice of composite materials for reinforcing the cutting part.

Procedural Challenges of Cross-border Cooperation and Consistency in Personal Data Protection in the EU

Abstract Data protection is an increasingly important topic in the European administrative field at national and cross-border levels. Such a trend reflects different phenomena in contemporary society, which further leads to a more focused concern for a harmonised elaboration by the Member States despite their autonomy, in principle, regarding EU law implementation. However, as revealed by the Slovenian case in this article, the European Data Protection Board and national supervising authorities, mostly information commissioners, express the need to regulate some issues more decidedly. Interestingly, yet not surprisingly, their focus is on procedural aspects, as according to administrative science and several European Commission documents, procedure strongly influences the results. As a result, the article elaborates on the relevant procedural issues to be addressed to ensure a harmonised enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in force since 2018. Various research methods are employed, combining qualitative, normative, and comparative analyses and quantitative approaches, emphasising statistical data obtained from annual reports for 2020, 2021, and 2022. The results show a lack of procedural provisions in several aspects, including the definition of the parties to the procedure and their defence rights, particularly access to the file, to be heard, and complain, as well as one-stop-shop access to legal protection, deadlines, and investigation powers. Such gaps are expected to be covered by procedural institutions enshrined in National Administrative Procedure Acts (APA). However, as suggested by the Slovenian experience, such a solution is minimal due to differing national regulations and relatively low awareness of APA relevance in data protection even among supervising authorities. Hence, the authors argue that there is a need to develop and adopt standard EU rules to regulate such issues. Points for Practitioners The article refers to data protection within theoretical, normative, practical, comparative, and national dimensions. In addition to analysing statistical data regarding procedural issues of cross-collaborative application of GDPR in the Member States - primarily Slovenia - the article provides practical implications of legislative, organisational, and IT adaptations required for harmonising EU-wide enforcement of GDPR. The insights provided herein can support the development of similar solutions in other EU countries. Therefore, the research findings are relevant for practitioners from various European administrations who are in charge of implementing GDPR and, specifically, supervising its implementation, as well as for policymakers and legislators in their respective areas of data protection and administrative procedural law. The findings will also benefit the European Commission when drafting new legislation to enhance cooperation and consistency between Member States in enforcing personal data rights set by GDPR.

The role of board age diversity in the performance of publicly listed Fintech entities

The present study addresses the important demographic of director age in relation to the performance of the constituent firms of Fintech-focused Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). While private Fintech boards accommodate generally young officers, regulatory and market forces contribute to notable shifts in the board age composition of seasoned, publicly listed Fintech entities. Within the fast-moving and evolving context of Fintech, we assess how board age composition impacts on such firms’ return-on-assets, sales-on-assets, cash flow proficiencies, and market-to-book value. Our study findings suggest age diversity exhibits a significant inverse relation with the first three of these performance measures. Fintech entities with lower board age dispersion achieve stronger performance in the key metrics. Such a finding holds in cross-sectional terms (i.e. without material change in the average age of board members across the study period). Within our study context, we also assess the age gap between non-executive directors (NEDs) and executive officers (EDs). For most sample firms, average NED age markedly exceeds ED age. Through a battery of tests, we demonstrate more seasoned (i.e. less young) EDs support Fintech firm performance. The presence of more experienced EDs serves in narrowing the age gap with older and more seasoned NEDs.

GANTI KERUGIAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN

Regulations in force in Indonesia have protected the rights of child victims of abuse. However, law enforcement officials often believe that punishing perpetrators with criminal penalties is the best approach to help victims and not by violating victims' rights, especially the right to compensation. Normative legal research methods were used in this study with a normative juridical approach and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that compensation for child victims of abuse was paid procedurally. Therefore, the provision of compensation is difficult because it requires the request of victims which is considered to have come first. The lack of support from the community and victims' legal representatives is a challenge for the Witness and Victim Protection Agency in assisting child molesters to get compensation. The right to redress has not been effective due to a lack of support from human resources, especially psychologists, in assisting victims of sexual violence and law enforcement officials. The lack of coercive action against perpetrators of sexual violence regarding the payment of compensation decided by the court, and the provision of compensation depending on the good intentions of the perpetrators, presents challenges for law enforcement officials in carrying out compensation to victims of sexual violence. In addition, it must be requested first and the court has the authority to reject the request for compensation of the child victim, then this right is not fundamental. Restitution cannot be considered a right, because if it is, it must be granted automatically

Auditing Healthcare Funds: Recent Findings

Auditing – in all its forms – is of particular importance to ensure efficient, transparent and accountable management of health funds and to ensure the provision of quality medical services to patients. The authors, through the present work, reveal - based on the study of specialized literature and reports issued by some specialized institutions - that both internal and external public audit is intended to prevent fraud, thus protecting resources and ensuring the provision of medical services of quality for patients, but also to help identify errors in the funds management process, so that they can be properly corrected and thus ensure an efficient management of resources intended for health insurance in Romania. Equally important is the fact that the audit contributes to increasing transparency in the use of health funds, improving the performance of the health system and ensuring compliance with the rules and regulations in force regarding the management of health funds, so as to avoid unnecessary expenses and ensure the provision of quality medical services. The structure of this paper includes, following this introductory part (1): Management of health insurance funds and ensuring the financing of medical services in Romania (2); Findings of the external public audit regarding the management of health insurance funds (3) and Conclusions (4).

“Greening” the National Growth: How Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Collaborates with Indonesia in 2014-2020

With its natural richness, Indonesia is not immune from environmental, economic, and social problems. Indonesia remains facing the problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation resulting from economic activities caused by business-as-usual (BaU) activities. Therefore, Indonesia has developed a framework for a green growth program for national economic development with the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) since 2014. GGGI is an international organization that is specifically concerned about green growth at the global level. The Green Growth Concept was agreed upon at the 2005 Asia Pacific ministerial meetings in Seoul, South Korea. Indonesia also ratified the agreements to implement this green growth concept at the national level. This research elaborates on how GGGI, as a global actor, collaborates with Indonesia to develop the green growth framework. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with secondary data collection through literature, which will discuss GGGI's efforts to help implement the green growth program in Indonesia in 2014-2020. The case study is analyzed through the Management Approach, Normative Approach, and Enforcement Approach approaches. Through these three approaches, GGGI has succeeded in assisting Indonesia in implementing green growth in Indonesia in 2014-2020. Some of the programs that have been achieved include the eCBA program, the development of Special Economic Zones (KEK), and the implementation of the legal regulations in force in Indonesia.

Analisis Yuridis Pengakuan dan Pengesahan Anak Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU/VIII/2010 (Studi Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Salatiga Nomor 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt)

One of the legal consequences of marriage is related to the status and position of the child born. If a child is born out of wedlock, then the child is considered a child out of wedlock. A child out of wedlock can be legalized as a legitimate child if the parents submit an application for validation of the child's recognition to the Court. The purpose of this study was to find out the basis for the judge's consideration of the decision of the Salatiga District Court Number 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt after the validity of the Constitutional Court decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and the legal consequences of the decision of the Salatiga District Court Number 24/Pdt. P/2021/PN Slt on the ratification of children out of wedlock. The research method used in this research is normative juridical legal research which is descriptive-analytical by using secondary data sources and supported by primary data to strengthen the research results. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study show that The judge's considerations in determining Number 24/Pdt.P/2021/PN Slt are in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia, especially Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Population Administration and Presidential Regulation Number 96 of 2018 Concerning Requirements and Procedures for Civil Registration and Registration. 2. With the granting of the stipulation, the Petitioner can use a copy of this stipulation to register the registration of the validation of his child's recognition at the Salatiga City Population and Civil Registration Service.

Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Statement on Telepharmacy: Recommendations for its implementation and development

The use of information and communication technologies have nowadays become part and parcel of hospital pharmacy practice. Against this background, it is hardly surprising that Telepharmacy has sparked the interest of a large number of stakeholders. In this respect, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy has developed a definition of the concept and outlined the conditions under which Telepharmacy should operate. It has also shared its institutional stance on the subject through a position statement that states that Telepharmacy is the provision of pharmaceutical care at a distance through information and communication technologies. Telepharmacy practice includes activities such as therapeutic validation, drafting of clinical documents, provision of pharmaceutical care, therapeutic follow-up, adherence monitoring, drug education and information, coordination between healthcare providers and evaluation of health outcomes. The clinical tasks performed as part of Telepharmacy practice must adhere to a standardized procedure and revolve around the patient's clinical record. Access to Telepharmacy must be provided without discrimination. The service comprises four main activities: pharmacotherapeutic follow-up; patient and caregiver-directed education and information-dissemination; coordination with healthcare providers from the same or different hospitals; and remote informed home drug delivery. Implementation of Telepharmacy requires an adjustment of human (training and capacity-building) and technological resources (validation, interoperability, confidentiality). It must also comply with the laws and regulations in force both at a regional and a national level. Telepharmacy procedures must also be adapted to the relevant ethical standards and codes of good practice. Appropriate indicators must be used to evaluate the performance of Telepharmacy and its impact on health outcomes. According to Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Telepharmacy is a necessary complementary tool to provide specialized pharmaceutical care and thereby improve health outcomes and maximize patient safety and satisfaction.

Interface deciphering for highly interfacial adhesion and efficient heat energy transfer

Interfacial adhesion and interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) are two critical factors in the interfacial force and energy transfer, but it is difficult to simultaneously achieve the desirable interfacial adhesion and ITR. Here, we overcome this challenge by fabricating an elastomer composite consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and micro-scale spherical aluminum (Al) fillers, which offers the high adhesion strength (1.28 MPa), high interfacial adhesion energy (528.4 J/m2), and low ITR (0.028 mm2·K/W) between the PDMS/Al elastomer composite and substrates. We further propose a quantified physical model to establish the relationship between interfacial adhesion and ITR for low phonon mismatch interfaces. This work will contribute to the development of interface science and guide the regulation of force and energy transfer at interface for wide range applications, such as electronic packaging, thermal storage, sensors, and medicine.

Paternity leave: A systematic review and directions for research

Public debate and research on absence care leaves of men (paternity leaves) is growing in the last years. Practitioners and scholars alike are seeking evidence-informed answers on whether and how paternity leave can help overcome the domestic division of labor, with growing interest in identifying factors that facilitate men's use of this leave. To assess and synthesize this field of study from a theoretical and empirical perspective, we carried out a systematic literature review putting together existing knowledge into a common framework that can inform future research in the field. We analyse trends of paternity leave research over time and its main thematic areas. Findings from this systematic process of synthesis evidence the growing interest of academics (mostly women, and European) in the topic. An organizing framework is presented for understanding male involvement in parenting work suggesting that men's use of paternity leaves is determined by both political/regulatory forces (legislation) and organizational forces (firm's culture and practices), with an impact in a varied range of organizational, psychological and family-related areas including career development, health, and relations with children. We invite future practices and lines of research that more interactively cover regulatory, organizational and family forces that hinder men's use of paternity leave and organizational development, and outline how male-focused practices such as those implemented in European policy should help pursue these goals.

Nonlinear effect of industrial robot applications on carbon emissions: Evidence from China

In the digital age, most state-of-the-art research has investigated the influence of industrial robot applications (IRAs) on labor and income distribution, but its environmental impact remains underexplored. This paper uses regional panel data in China from 2006 to 2017 to explore the nonlinear effect of IRAs on carbon emission (CE), as well as its optimal conditions by using fixed effect model with quadratic term and threshold regression model, respectively. The results show that: (1) An inverted U-shaped relationship was verified between IRAs and CE, which means when the IRAs exceed a certain threshold, carbon emissions will be curbed. (2) IRAs accelerate the advance of the inverted U-shaped turning point by improving the factor allocation efficiency and optimizing industrial structures. (3) The CE reduction effect of IRAs depends on the scale of the highly skilled labor force, digital endowment and environmental regulation intensity in the region. These conclusions not only broaden the theoretical horizon of existing effects of IRAs in the environmental fields, but also provide practical implications to maximize the carbon reduction effect in IRAs.

Anatolian hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation, processing, and production

Cannabis sativa L. has been grown in Anatolia since ancient times and commercial cultivation persists on a limited scale today. Valued for its durable fiber and nutritious seed, hemp was an important subsistence crop in many rural households. Throughout the Ottoman Empire hemp cordage, fabrics and oakum were maritime necessities and internationally traded commodities. During the twentieth century commercial hemp fiber and seed production levels fluctuated due to regulatory and market forces, eventually leading to a steady decline commencing in the 1980s. Hemp production in Turkey only survives today in specialized market settings, although recently production has increased. Historical data largely gleaned from Turkish language sources is presented along with personal communications and field observations.