Football Players Age Research Articles

Brain morphometry in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE research project.

Exposure to repetitive head impacts in contact sports is associated with neurodegenerative disorders including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which currently can be diagnosed only at post-mortem. American football players are at higher risk of developing CTE given their exposure to repetitive head impacts. One promising approach for diagnosing CTE in vivo is to explore known neuropathological abnormalities at post-mortem in living individuals using structural MRI. MRI brain morphometry was evaluated in 170 male former American football players ages 45-74 years (n = 114 professional; n = 56 college) and 54 same-age unexposed asymptomatic male controls (n = 54, age range 45-74). Cortical thickness and volume of regions of interest were selected based on established CTE pathology findings and were assessed using FreeSurfer. Group differences and interactions with age and exposure factors were evaluated using a generalized least squares model. A separate logistic regression and independent multinomial model were performed to predict each traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) diagnosis, core clinical features and provisional level of certainty for CTE pathology using brain regions of interest. Former college and professional American football players (combined) showed significant cortical thickness and/or volume reductions compared to unexposed asymptomatic controls in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus. Post hoc analyses identified group-level differences between former professional players and unexposed asymptomatic controls in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, insula and superior frontal gyrus. Former college players showed significant volume reductions in the hippocampus, amygdala and superior frontal gyrus compared to the unexposed asymptomatic controls. We did not observe Age × Group interactions for brain morphometric measures. Interactions between morphometry and exposure measures were limited to a single significant positive association between the age of first exposure to organized tackle football and right insular volume. We found no significant relationship between brain morphometric measures and the TES diagnosis core clinical features and provisional level of certainty for CTE pathology outcomes. These findings suggested that MRI morphometrics detect abnormalities in individuals with a history of repetitive head impact exposure that resemble the anatomic distribution of pathological findings from post-mortem CTE studies. The lack of findings associating MRI measures with exposure metrics (except for one significant relationship) or TES diagnosis and core clinical features suggested that brain morphometry must be complemented by other types of measures to characterize individuals with repetitive head impacts.

Ab. No. 84 Athlete Mindful Skills Associated With Reaction Time Among Recreational Football Players: An Analytical Study

Introduction: To examined the association between mindful skills and reaction time on sports performance among recreational football players. There has been less attention, to mindful skills and sports performance within an adolescent population. Mindful skills have been important factors in the area of sports with a focus on improved performance across recreational populations. Methods: 69 football players age between 10-16years old, minimum playing football as last 2 years and 8-10 hours per week were included. History of fall in last month, any surgery performed by last 3 months, diagnosis with psychometric disorders, upper limb injury due to which reaction drop test cannot be performed were excluded. An observational analytical study was conducted at different sports academy in Ahmedabad using purposive sampling. Written consent was taken from parents of players. Each individual performed reaction drop test to assess the reaction time and mindfulness sport inventory was taken to assess the athlete mindful skills. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft excel 2007. Prior to statistical tests, the data was screened for normality. Sample size was >50 in Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check normality. Spearman correlation was used between reaction drop test and mindfulness sport inventory. Results: Total 69 participants, completed the study. Mean age of participants was 13.58±2.58 years. Moderate negative association between mindful skill and reaction time in recreational football players (r=-0.596, p<0.05). Conclusion: Present study concluded that fast reaction time; brain reacts more quickly in players. That is helpful for the adolescents while playing football as well as increased playing capacity and also can be prevent injury and become more resilient against potential damage in the players. Implication: Mindful skills intervention programmed in the curriculum may be a feasible approach to improve reaction time and performance level in recreational football players.

Effect of Circuit Training on the Basis of Motor Skills (Speed) and Skill Abilitied (Dribbling) of School Football Players of Mumbai

Football is one of the well-known games across world. Football also known as Soccer or European Football in USA and Canada. There are certain rules and regulation for playing this game. Firstly, required two teams with sixteen players; 11 on field and 5 substitutes. This game using Spherical ball of 67-70 cm of circumference for playing. The game has to played in between of two goal post. And game started by kick off. There are some fundamental skills using for the game on field by the players like heading, dribbling, kicking, passing, defending, goal keeping etc. when ball crosses the goal line by team scored as goal. When both teams have scored equal goals means tie happened then there are methods to solved or break the tie by extra time, penalty shoot and sudden death. The purpose of study was to determine the effect of circuit training on speed and dribbling of school football players aged 14 to 16 years. A sample of Forty (n=40) school football players age ranged 14 to 16 years was identified as subjects from Arsenal football academy Mira road, area of suburban Mumbai. further they had been randomly divided into two identical corporations i.e. experimental and manipulate institution with same variety of topics. Experimental organization (circuit education institution (n=20)) and control group (non-circuit education institution (n=20)). The layout of the have a look at changed into Non- equivalent manage organization design. The experimental topics in conjunction with day these days lifestyles underwent a Circuit schooling programmed for 3 days in per week. The collected records changed into analysis with assist of ‘t’ test. The end result revealed that the effect of circuit schooling programmers helped to enhance velocity and dribbling talent of football gamers elderly 14 to 16 years. The findings finish that the circuit schooling turned into found beneficial to improve speed and dribbling of football players aged 14 to 16 years.

The effect of coordination exercises to develop motor compatibility and dribbling skill for football players ages (13-15) years

The effect of coordination exercises to develop motor compatibility and dribbling skill for football players ages (13-15) years

THE EFFECT OF HIGH-SPEED INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Aim. The paper aims to study the effect of high-speed interval training on the functional status of the cardiorespiratory system of football players. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the preparatory (the beginning of the study) and pre-competition period (the end of the study) of the annual training cycle in compliance with the requirements for biomedical research. The experimental group consisted of 32 football players ages 17-21 (Candidates for Master of Sport, First category) who have been playing football for 5–8 years. The control group of athletes (n = 32) was similar to the experimental group in terms of age and skills characteristics. The functional status of the cardiorespiratory system was assessed by using the following tests: orthostatic test, clinostatic tests, Stange test, Gench test, Cooper test, and general fitness assessment. Results. The dynamics of indicators of the cardiorespiratory system in the control group ranged from 3 to 16% by the end of the study. In the experimental group, the dynamics of indicators was 12–20%. The results obtained indicate a wider range of adaptive mechanisms of the cardiorespiratory system in the experimental group. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that the adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system in athletes increases in the pre-competition period. Running-based physical activity led to a further performance enhancement in the pre-competition period.

A - 21 Mental Health Outcomes of Elite Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion: A Prospective Study

Abstract Objective The purpose of this research was to elucidate the short and long-term mental health outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC) in a population of elite athletes. Methods Specifically, symptoms consistent with anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were investigated in a population of 196 male professional and collegiate football players ages 18 to 34 years old. All athletes completed self-report measures (PHQ-9, GAD-7, and BSI-18) at baseline. Athletes who sustained a SRC (n = 16) in season as well as musculoskeletal (MSK) (n = 13) and healthy control (n = 21) athletes completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at three time points. Results Results from the study indicated that athletes with a history of one or more SRCs reported greater symptoms of depression (F(2, 193) = 10.88, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.10), anxiety (F(2, 193) = 13.67, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.12), and psychological distress (F(2, 193) = 18.01, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.16) at baseline in comparison to athletes with no history of SRC. Additionally, athletes who sustained a SRC reported greater levels of depression and anxiety at 24–48 hours post injury in comparison to the MSK and healthy control groups. No differences between groups were detected at later time points suggesting that this increase in depression and anxiety symptoms was short term. Finally, analysis at the individual level showed that 50% of SRC athletes demonstrated a reliable change from baseline to 24–48 hours post injury on the depression and/or anxiety self-report in comparison to 33% of MSK injured athletes and 17% of healthy controls. In addition, 58% of athletes who sustained a SRC reported a reliable decrease in depression and/or anxiety symptoms at one month return to play, suggesting that they were experiencing fewer anxiety and depression symptoms in comparison to baseline. Conclusions Taken together, this research suggests that a history of SRC impacts baseline self-report of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Furthermore, athletes who sustain a SRC experience subtle increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in the short term that appear to be unique to concussion. However, the athletes’ self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms did not reach clinical levels and were short lived.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОКАРДИОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И ДАННЫХ ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТИ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА У ЮНЫХ ФУТБОЛИСТОВ

The great importance has recently been attached to studying the functional capabilities of athletes taking into account the data of bioelectric activity of the myocardium, as well as vegetative status based on the analysis of heart rate variability. However, works in which questions regarding the age-related features of the ECG and the autonomic provision of the heart rate for young football players are not enough. In order to clarify the effect of age on ECG and heart rate variability (HRV), a comparative analysis of 5-minute records and standard ECG in 12 leads was conducted for young players aged 13-15 years (n = 39) and 16-17 years (n = 23). The mathematical and spectral methods for analyzing HRV with the calculation of the stress index R. M. Baevsky were used to assess the state of the mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of the heart, the activity of segmental and suprasegmental parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The comparative study of five‐minute ECG recordings of standard 12-lead electrocardiograms of young football players aged 13-15 (n = 39) and 16-17 years (n = 23) was carried out to clarify the effect of age on the electrocardiogram and heart rate variability. The frequency of registration of incomplete LBBB decreases by 2.2 times with an increase in the age of football players and there is a tendency to increase the tone of the parasympathetic link of the ANS.

Возрастные и антропометрические показатели футболистов высокой квалификации

Vladimir Perevoznik & Andrii Pertsukhov Purpose : to determine the age and overall dimensions of the body of football players – participants of the World Cup 2018 . Material & Methods : analysis, study and synthesis of domestic and foreign scientific and methodological literature allowed us to consider the model indicators of the sports capabilities of football players. Age and anthropometric indicators of highly qualified football players were considered. At the second stage, the studies were devoted to the study of indicators of the overall body dimensions of football players of the national teams of the participating teams of the 2018 World Cup. The study involved 736 football players aged 19 to 45 years. Such research methods as the analysis of scientific and methodical literature and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results: presents the age and anthropometric indicators of football players – participants of the 2018 World Cup. It has been established that football players participating in the 2018 World Cup have characteristic overall body dimensions and a number of their differences depending on the sporting role. Football players do not unite in one group, but are divided into classes according to the game specialization, which completely negates the thesis about the “universal” football player. Conclusions: the data obtained suggest that the peak of sportsmanship in football is in the age range from 25 to 29 years. This age range included 342 people from 736 participants of the 2018 World Cup.

Head Impact Exposure in Practices Correlates With Exposure in Games for Youth Football Players.

This study aimed to compare head impact exposures between practices and games in football players ages 9 to 14 years, who account for approximately 70% of all football players in the United States. Over a period of 2 seasons, 136 players were enrolled from 3 youth programs, and 49,847 head impacts were recorded from 345 practices and 137 games. During the study, individual players sustained a median of 211 impacts per season, with a maximum of 1226 impacts. Players sustained 50th (95th) percentile peak linear acceleration of 18.3 (46.9)g, peak rotational acceleration of 1305.4 (3316.6)rad·s-2, and Head Impact Technology Severity Profile of 13.7 (24.3), respectively. Overall, players with a higher frequency of head impacts at practices recorded a higher frequency of head impacts at games (P < .001, r2 = .52), and players who sustained a greater average magnitude of head impacts during practice also recorded a greater average magnitude of head impacts during games (P < .001). The youth football head impact data quantified in this study provide valuable insight into the player exposure profile, which should serve as a key baseline in efforts to reduce injury.

Reference values for the sprint performance in male football players aged from 9–35 years

Summary Study aim: The aim of the present study was twofold: firstly, to examine the effect of age on a 20 m sprint performance; and secondly, to establish normative data for the 20 m sprint performance by age in football players. Material and methods: The anthropometric characteristics of 474 football players (aged 16.81 ± 5.35 yrs, range 9.02–35.41 yrs) were examined and their 20 m sprint performance (with 0–10 and 10–20 m splits) was monitored by a photocell system (Brower Timing Systems, Utah, USA). Results: A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the yearly age groups with regards to the sprint time (p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.584), as well as the 0–10 m (p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.361) and 10–20 m split times (p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.635). The older groups scored better than the younger groups. The time attained in the 20 m sprint, and the 0–10 m and 10–20 m splits correlated moderately to largely with the athlete’s age (r = –0.53, –0.40 and –0.57, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In summary, the speed ability of the football players improved with age until 15 years old, where it reached its peak. On the other hand, the other age groups U16 to U35 revealed no major differences in the speed over a 20 m sprint. The reference values presented in this study might help football coaches and fitness trainers in monitoring training and in the selection of players. Moreover, since this is the first study of this kind to compare adult age groups, sport scientists focusing on relevant topics might use it as a reference in future studies.

Laboratory Height And Weight Measurments In Collegiate American Football Players Compared To Athletic Program Measurements

Actual body weight and height for college athletes may be different than the weights and heights listed in an athletic program and/or media guides. Often heights and weights will be higher, than actual values, as an intimidation factor. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of laboratory body weight and height measurements in collegiate American football players to the height and weight measurements listed in the University football media guide. METHODS: Height (m) and weight (Kg) were measured by using a wall-mounted standiometer and body mass was measured using an electronic scale (Tanita BF-350, Arlington Heights, Illinois). These measurements were then compared to the height and weight listed in the University football media guide. Participants were 89 collegiate football players age 19.6 (1.4) years. Positions played by the participants varied between linemen (35) and non-linemen (54). An independent samples t-test was performed using SPSS (v.22) to analyze the difference between height and weight between the two sources. RESULTS: Laboratory height measurements 1.85 (.06) m and program height measurements 1.84 (.06) m were significantly different [t(88) = 5.803, p<.001]. Laboratory weight measurements 104.30 (17.64) kg and program weight measurements 104.95 (18.03) kg were significantly different [t(88) = -2.134, p=.036]. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the laboratory measurements of both height and weight were found to be significantly different than the height and weight measurements found in the University football media guide. Also, the University game day program weight measurements were higher than the laboratory weight measurements, as was expected. However, the University game day program height measurements were lower than the height measurements in the laboratory, which was unexpected. Therefore, this study suggests that accurate measurements are not always displayed in athletic programs and/or media guides.

QUANTIFYING THE RISK OF ABNORMAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AS A RESULT OF SUB-CONCUSSIVE BLOWS IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL ATHLETES

BackgroundRecent work suggests that repetitive sub-concussive head impacts may contribute to long-term neurodegeneration; however, the risk thresholds for sub-concussive injury are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of developing abnormal neurophysiology due...

Personalidad, edad y rendimiento deportivo en jugadores de fútbol desde el modelo de Costa y McCrae

Title: Personality, age and athletic performance in soccer players from the model of Costa and McCrae. Abstract: The study of personality in performance is still an important line of research. In the last decade, some confirmatory results have been ob- tained, though they are not conclusive, with regard to the study of relation between personality, age and performance of athletes. Further conclusive studies are needed. With this intention, the aims pursued in this study are: 1.-To establish possible differences in personality depending on the cate- gory of sports age and 2.- To study the relation between personality and sports performance, and establish the capacity Model predictive Five Personality Factors regarding performance. In order to accomplish this, the questionnaire of personality NEO-FFI (Costa and McCrae, 2008) has been applied and the sports performance has been evaluated with a sample of 128 football players aged between 14 and 24. The results indicate that the athletes belonging to the adults' category obtain higher scores in the traits Opening to the Experience and Responsibility than those of the youth and junior categories, while juveniles have a higher trait of neuroticism than adults. In addition, the traits Opening to the Experience and Responsibility relate positively to the sports performance, whereas the trait Neuroticism does it in a negative way. In this case, results in significant regression models (p <.05) with a 5.1% predictive variables entering Neuroticism and Openness to Experience. Regarding age category, only regression models with trend to statistical significance (p <.10) are shown in the cadet category. However, by including the variable age of football players in the regression models, we get significant linear regression models selectively for football players aged 14 and over 18 (p <.05), achieving predictions of 24.3% and 25.6% respectively. The input variables in the regression model for football players aged 14 are Neuroticism and Responsibility, and Neuroticism and Extraversion for football players over 18. This information supports the hypothesis of se- lection and hypothesis of development and the credulous perspective of the study of the personality on the sports context.

Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion among Youth Football Players Aged 8-12 Years

To determine the risk of concussion among youth football players (ages 8-12 years). Participants included 468 male youth football players in western Pennsylvania during the 2011 youth football season. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence density ratios (IDRs) of concussion were calculated for games and practices and for age groups. There was a total of 11,338 (8415 practice and 2923 game) athletic exposures (AEs) in the study period, during which 20 medically diagnosed concussions occurred. A majority of concussions were the result of head-to-head (45%) contact. The combined concussion IR for practices and games was 1.76 per 1000 AEs (95% CI 0.99-2.54). The concussion IR was 0.24 per 1000 AEs (95% CI 0.04-0.79) in practices and 6.16 per 1000 AEs (95% CI 3.76-9.54) in games. The IDR for concussions in games to practices was 25.91 (95% CI 6.01-111.70). The IDR of concussions for youth aged 11-12 years compared with youth aged 8-10 years was 2.72 (95% CI 0.66-4.78). The overall IR for concussion in youth football players aged 8-12 years was comparable with that reported previously for high school and collegiate samples. However, participation in games was associated with an increase in risk of concussion compared with practices, which was higher than rates previously reported for high school and collegiate athletes. Younger players were slightly less likely to incur a concussion than were older players.

SOME DIFFERENCES IN SPORTS MOTIVATION OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS FROM RUSSIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

In accordance with the conceptual framework of self-determination theory, sports motivation in this research was operationalized as intrinsic motivation (to know, to accomplish and to experience stimulation), extrinsic motivation (by identification, introjection and external regulation) and amotivation for sport (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The aim of this exploratory research was to test such concept of sports motivation on a sample of young football players from different countries (Russia, Serbia, and Montenegro). It was assumed that young football players did not differ with respect to intrinsic motivation regardless of their age and country. Major differences were assumed to exist in extrinsic aspects of sports motivation which may indicate a potential specificity of social influences in various countries or different development-related levels of internalization of extrinsic reasons for engaging in sports activity. The research included 178 young football players aged 12 to 15. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28; Pelleiter, Fortier, Vallerand, Briere, Tuson, & Blais, 1995) was used. t-test, ANOVA and MANOVA were applied. Significant differences were found between young football players from Russia and from Serbia and Montenegro regarding intrinsic motivation to accomplish and all aspects of extrinsic motivation. The twelve-year-olds differ from other tested ages by amotivation, and there are important differences between the football players aged 13 and 14 regarding extrinsic motivation by identification, introjected extrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation by external regulation. When the country and age of young football players are taken into account at the same time by the motivation analysis, the major difference is spotted only in introjected extrinsic motivation.