Food Volatiles Research Articles

Pengaruh Volume Penjualan Saham, Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, Earning Volatility dan Tranding Volume terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham dengan Kebijakan Deviden sebagai Variabel Mediasi

This research aims to determine the effect of share sales volume, profitability, solvency, earnings volatility and trading volume on share price volatility with dividend policy as a mediating variable in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The sample for this research consisted of 55 companies, using a purposive sampling method with the criteria stating dividend payments for 5 consecutive years. The research results show that debt ratio, return on assets, trading volume have an influence on stock price volatility. However, earnings volatility and share sales volume have no effect on share price volatility. Dividend policy is able to mediate share sales volume on stock price volatility, dividend policy is able to mediate profitability on stock price volatility, dividend policy is able to mediate solvency on stock price volatility, dividend policy is able to mediate earnings volatility on stock price volatility and dividend policy is able to mediate volume trending on stock price volatility in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period.

The maxillary palps of Tephritidae are selectively tuned to food volatiles and diverge with ecology

The maxillary palp is an auxiliary olfactory organ in insects, which, different from the antennae, is equipped with only a few olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) types. We postulated that these derived mouthpart structures, positioned at the base of the proboscis, may be particularly important in mediating feeding behaviors. As feeding is spatio-temporally segregated from oviposition in most Tephritidae, this taxonomic group appears quite suitable to parse out sensory breadth and potential functional divergence of palps and antennae. Scanning electron microscopy and anterograde staining underlined the limited palpal olfactory circuit in Tephritidae: only three morphological subtypes of basiconic sensilla were found, each with two neurons, and project to a total of six antennal lobe glomeruli in Bactrocera dorsalis. Accordingly, the palps detected only few volatiles from the headspace of food (fermentation and protein lures) and fruit (guava and mango) compared to the antennae (17 over 77, using gas-chromatography coupled electrophysiology). Interestingly, functionally the antennae were more tuned to fruit volatiles, detecting eight times more fruit than food volatiles (63 over 8), whereas the number of fruit and food volatile detection was more comparable in the palps (14 over 8). As tephritids diverge in oviposition preferences, but converge on food substrates, we postulated that the receptive ranges of palpal circuits would be more conserved compared to the antennae. However, palpal responses of three tephritid species that differed in phylogenetic relatedness and ecologically niche, diverged across ecological rather than phylogenetic rifts. Two species with strongly overlapping ecology, B. dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata, showed inseparable response profiles, whereas the cucurbit specialist Zeugodacus cucurbitae strongly diverged. As Z. cucurbitae is phylogenetically placed between B. dorsalis and C. capitata, the results indicate that ecology overrides phylogeny in the evolution of palpal tuning, in spite of being predisposed to detecting food volatiles.

The Australian Economy in 2023–24: Navigating a Narrow Path

AbstractThe economy grew at a moderate pace in 2022–23 as Australians adjusted to rising costs of living. The aggressive tightening of monetary policy has eased inflationary pressure, but inflation remains high. Strong labour market performance has been the brightest note in the current Australian macroeconomic landscape, although labour productivity growth was disappointing. The ongoing geopolitical conflict in Europe with its ensuing geoeconomic fragmentation, and the recent conflict in the Middle East increased global uncertainty and volatility in food and energy prices. This, together with the slowdown in China, added further downside risks to the outlook for the economy in 2023–24.

IMPACT OF COMPANY DIVIDEND POLICY ON STOCK PRICE VOLATILITY IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

Investor expectations are greatly shaped by a company's dividend policy, which also has an impact on stock price volatility. This study attempts to investigate how corporate dividend policies affect stock price volatility in Malaysia's food and beverage sector. This research aims to provide light on the dynamics of dividend decisions and their impacts on market behavior by examining the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility. Utilizing secondary data gathered from publically accessible sources, including financial statements and stock market data, the study uses a quantitative research design. For the analysis, a sample of 30 food and beverage companies that are listed on the Bursa Malaysia stock exchange is chosen and 16 years period (2005-2020) been analyzed. To allow for a comparison examination, the sample contains both dividend-paying and non-dividend-paying enterprises. Regression analysis and descriptive analysis are two statistical methods that are used to analyze the link between dividend policy and stock price volatility. To verify the validity of the results, additional variables such as firm financial performance, market conditions, and industryspecific characteristics are taken into account.The results of this study will add to the body of knowledge by presenting empirical data on the effect of corporate dividend policies on stock price volatility in Malaysia's food and beverage sector. The findings will improve knowledge of the relevance of dividend policy choices and their possible impacts on stock market dynamics among investors, policymakers, and market players.

Study on the formation pathways of characteristic volatiles in preserved egg yolk caused by lipid species during pickling.

The formation of volatiles in high-fat foods is strongly influenced by the composition and structure of lipids. The relationship between key variable lipid species and characteristic volatiles were performed by lipidomics and flavoromics to resolve the pathways of volatiles in preserved egg yolk (PEY) during pickling. The results showed that the formation of nonanal and benzaldehyde at early stage possibly derived from oleic acid sited at Sn-1 in TG(18:1_18:2_20:4), Sn-2 in PE(22:6_18:1), and linoleic acid bonded at Sn-2 in TG(18:1_18:2_20:4), respectively. 1-octen-3-ol may be formed from linoleic acid located at Sn-2 in TG(18:1_18:2_20:4) and arachidonic acid sited at Sn-3 in TG(18:1_18:2_20:4). Indole was formed through TGs(16:0_16:1_20:1;16:1_18:1_22:1;23:0_18:1_18:1) at the later stage, and acetophenone through TGs(14:0_20:0_20:4;14:0_15:0_18:1; 16:0_16:0_22:6), PCs(24:0_18:1;O-18:1_18:2), PEs(P-18:1_20:4;P-18:1_22:6) and SPH(d18:0) during whole process of pickling. Our study provides a deep and precise insight for the formation pathways of characteristic volatiles in PEY through lipids degradation during pickling at the molecular level.

The Impact of the Price Factor on Farmers' Incomes in Turbulent Conditions

Farmers face various types of risks that affect their behavioural strategies and well-being. In 2022, the main problem was the rapid and uncontrolled acceleration of inflation in the markets of raw materials, energy and food products. Farmers have faced price volatility in food, raw materials and energy. The purpose of the article was to analyse the impact of the price factor on farmers' incomes, including the total impact of prices on manufactured products and energy carriers. The regression-based analysis showed the negative nature of such an impact, which requires increased state support for farm income during the crisis period. As a result of the study, we proposed to reorient government support from simple subsidies to incentives for farmers to produce bioenergy from waste. This measure will increase farmers' energy independence, reduce income dependence on rising energy prices, and increase the efficiency of public spending.

Monitoring alkyl pyrazines in roasted hazelnuts by SHS-GC-IMS: IMS response assessment and standardization

Gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical tool which is rapidly becoming widespread in the analysis of food volatiles. Despite this increasing popularity, an assessment of the IMS response for several flavor compound classes is not yet available. This study focuses on alkyl pyrazines and their determination in roasted hazelnut pastes. These Maillard reaction products are crucial to determine the aromatic profile of roasted foods and are suitable markers for industrial roasting monitoring.The instrumental response of 8 alkyl pyrazines was studied using a model matrix and a matrix matching approach. The results showed a relevant effect of the pyrazine ring substitution pattern on the concentration-response curve trends, highlighting that an external standardization of the IMS response is required to make possible relative abundance comparisons between analytes. A response standardization was therefore developed and applied to determine alkyl pyrazines in samples with different roasting intensity and geographical and botanical origin.

Application of GARCH models in the volatility of food inflation in Nigeria

This paper aimed to investigate the behavior of the current food inflation volatility arising from the recent past behavior and to know if this volatility is persistent over time in Nigeria. The study covered the period from 2003M1 to 2021M9 under both the asymmetric and the symmetric GARCH models. The findings of the study revealed that one period lag of food inflation had a positive and significant impact on the current value of food inflation. Furthermore, it was found that in all the selected models, volatility in food inflation is persistent and bad news had an impact on food volatility in two of the models, while good news had an impact in one model. However, the asymmetric coefficient in all the asymmetric models is not significant. Consequently, the study contends that policymakers should factor in the impact of recent past values of inflation when framing policies meant to tame food inflation in Nigeria. Keywords: Asymmetric models, GARCH models, inflation, volatility;

Contributing factors to the looming food crisis in sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities for policy insight

The food price crisis of 2007–2008 and the recent resurgence of food prices have focused increasing attention on the causes and consequences of food price volatility in international food markets and the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Agricultural Price Index was 34% higher as of 30 June 2022, compared to January 2021. This paper reviews increasing food crisis in Africa in the wake of climate change, COVID-19, and the Russia–Ukraine war and the implications on Africa’s food security stability. Climate change is affecting the fundamental basis of agriculture through changes in temperature, rainfall, and weather, and by intensifying the occurrences of floods, droughts, and heat stress. COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the production and supply chains, while the ongoing Russia–Ukraine war continues to disrupt the global food market and food prices. SSA is susceptible to the effects of this war, and this has already resulted in high demand for food commodities and increased food prices. The study calls for the need for the international community to establish a strategic food reserve to face food crises triggered by armed conflicts or climate-induced disasters and pandemics. This mechanism may facilitate reactive interventions that help to contain the human security implications of food crises, thus fostering peace. Solutions also lie in implementing programs and policies informing the monitoring of weather shocks and advancing supporting to those impacted. Additionally, the governments of SSAs should embrace domestic production of farm inputs such as fertilizer to avoid overdependence on imports which are susceptible to wars and conflict.

Application of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry in the analysis of food volatile components

AbstractGas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) is an emerging analytical technique that has the advantages of fast response, high sensitivity, simple operation, and low cost. The combination of the fast speed and resolution of GC with the high sensitivity of IMS makes GC-IMS play an important role in the detection of food volatile substances. This paper focuses on the basic principles and future development trend, and the comparative analysis of the functions, similarities and differences of GC-IMS, GC-MS and electronic nose in the detection of common volatile compounds. A comprehensive introduction to the main application of GC-IMS in food volatile components: fingerprint identification of sample differences and detection of characteristic compounds. On the basis of perfecting the spectral library, GC-IMS will have broad development prospects in food authentication, origin identification, process optimization and product classification, especially in the analysis and identification of trace volatile food flavor substances.

Potential impact of food inflation on households’ welfare: Evidence from Pakistan

The global food price crises of 2007–2008 and the recent resurgence of food inflation have gained attention of the researchers about the causes and consequences of this volatility in food prices around the globe. This paper aims to examine the potential impact of food inflation on households’ welfare in Pakistan. For this purpose, the authors used a flexible Linear Approximate Almost Ideal demand System (LA/AIDS) to estimate the food demand pattern using the recently available Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2018–2019. Food products were categorized into thirteen food groups including milk, meat, fruits, vegetables, sugar, beverages, cereals, wheat, rice, oil & fats, tea, condiments and baked products. The estimated model was used to simulate different price increase scenarios in each of the currently own price. We found out that the estimated loss in the consumption was consistently high for milk, sugar, cereals, rice, wheat, meat and oil & fats. The issue of limited diversity in the dietary pattern and persistently food inflation will result in alarming food security in the country. The Effect of an increase in the general price level on food consumption could only be reduced by enhancing households’ purchasing power in the current scenario. The outcome of this research study will help policymakers in the agriculture sector to develop reliable and sound policy designs that will help control the implications of food inflation on household welfare loss.

Global evidence of the exposure-lag-response associations between temperature anomalies and food markets

Recent years have witnessed a landmark shift in global food prices due to the frequency of extreme weather events caused by temperature anomalies as well as the overlapping risks of COVID-19. Notably, the threat posed by temperature anomalies has spread beyond agricultural production to all aspects across food supply and demand channels, further amplifying volatility in food markets. Exploring trends in global food prices will give nations early warning signs to ensure the stability of food market. Accordingly, we utilize the Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model (DLNM) to simultaneously establish the exposure-lag-response associations between global temperature anomalies and food price returns in two dimensions: “Anomaly Degree” and “Response Time”. Meanwhile, we also examine the cumulative lagged effects of temperature anomalies in terms of different quantiles and lag times. Several conclusions have been drawn. First, global food price returns will continue to decrease when the average temperature drops or rises slightly. While it turns up once the average temperature rises more than 1.1 °C. Second, major food commodities are more sensitive to temperature changes, and their price returns may also trend in a directional shift at different lags, with the trend in meat price being more particular. Third, food markets are more strongly affected in the case of extreme temperature anomalies. Many uncertainties still exist regarding the impact of climate change on food markets, and our work serves as a valuable reference for international trade regulation as well as the creation of dynamic climate risk hedging strategies.

Commentary: “Quantitative” vs quantitative Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) in food volatile and flavor compounds analysis

This commentary deals with a “quantitative” HS-SPME approach, which is found in an increasing number of papers concerning research on food volatile and flavor compounds. In these papers the concept of an “internal standard” is applied, in which peak areas of compounds extracted using HS-SPME are compared to that of the added internal standard, not bearing in mind that SPME is a partition-coefficient-based extraction technique. To show the drawback of such an approach to quantitation of 7 different compounds in water its application was compared to the results obtained using external standard (ESTD) HS-SPME quantitation. Not surprisingly, totally different results were obtained.

Heme Dependent Catalase Conditionally Contributes to Oxygen Tolerance of Tetragenococcus halophilus Strains Isolated from Soy Sauce Moromi

Tetragenococcus halophilus strains are the halophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are present in microbial communities during soy sauce or other hyperosmotic foods’ fermentation. This species contributes to the formation of volatiles in fermented foods but may experience harsh conditions such as oxidative stress and osmotic stress during fermentation. The characterization of the oxygen tolerance of T. halophilus and elaboration of its antioxidant mechanism are important for the selection of suitable LAB for food fermentation. In this work, the growth of T. halophilus strains isolated from soy sauce moromi under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions was compared, and the function of their antioxidant enzymes was investigated. These strains showed differences in oxidation resistance, and they all produce antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Interestingly, genes encoding catalase (CAT) are present in the genome of T. halophilus strains, though some of them are pseudogenes. Catalase produced by T. halophilus belongs to the heme-dependent CAT, and its activity could only be detected in the presence of heme under aerobic condition. The CAT from T. halophilus conditionally contributes to resistance to hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress. These results elucidated the possible antioxidant mechanism of T. halophilus and revealed the differences in the oxidative stress tolerance of T. halophilus strains.

The female sex pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal mediates flight attraction and courtship in Drosophila melanogaster

Specific mate communication and recognition underlies reproduction and hence speciation. Our study provides new insights in Drosophila melanogaster premating olfactory communication. Mate communication evolves during adaptation to ecological niches and makes use of social signals and habitat cues. Female-produced, species-specific volatile pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al) and male pheromone (Z)-11-octadecenyl acetate (cVA) interact with food odour in a sex-specific manner. Furthermore, Z4-11Al, which mediates upwind flight attraction in both sexes, also elicits courtship in experienced males. Two isoforms of the olfactory receptor Or69a are co-expressed in the same olfactory sensory neurons. Z4-11Al is perceived via Or69aB, while the food odorant (R)-linalool is a main ligand for the other variant, Or69aA. However, only Z4-11Al mediates courtship in experienced males, not (R)-linalool. Behavioural discrimination is reflected by calcium imaging of the antennal lobe, showing distinct glomerular activation patterns by these two compounds. Male sex pheromone cVA is known to affect male and female courtship at close range, but does not elicit upwind flight attraction as a single compound, in contrast to Z4-11Al. A blend of the food odour vinegar and cVA attracted females, while a blend of vinegar and female pheromone Z4-11Al attracted males, instead. Sex-specific upwind flight attraction to blends of food volatiles and male and female pheromone, respectively, adds a new element to Drosophila olfactory premating communication and is an unambiguous paradigm for identifying the behaviourally active components, towards a more complete concept of food-pheromone odour objects.

Measuring Rice Price Volatility and Its Determinants in Tanzania: An Implication for Price Stabilization Policies

High price volatility in agricultural food markets has a greater impact not only on smallholder farmers but also can affect the incomes and purchasing power of a substantial proportion of the Tanzanian population and decrease food security, especially to the lower middle class. This study applies the ARCH-GARCH and the VAR/VECM models to examine the dynamics and factors influencing price volatility in the domestic rice market. The results of the price volatility analysis show that the volatility of rice prices tends to be low and persistent over the long run. This is supported by the estimation results of factors affecting price volatility, which showed that supply variables play an important role in the short and long run in influencing rice price volatility. The prices in the producing regions (large surplus areas) turned out to be more volatile than the prices in the main consuming regions (large deficit areas). This means that producers are exposed to a much higher price risk than consumers. Thus, a favorable marketing environment for traders and farmers, transparent trade policies, reliable market information, and organized market infrastructure are essential to reduce food price volatility which has a wider impact on economic growth.

Non-intrusive prediction of fruit spoilage and storage time via detecting volatiles in sealed packaging using laser spectroscopy

Monitoring fruit spoilage can effectively avoid waste and reduce economic losses. Recent studies have proved that the measurement of food volatile compounds is effective to detect food spoilage at its early stage. Indeed, some fast analytical methods have been developed to measure the volatiles released from food, such as proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, and E-nose. However, these methods can only be applied to measure volatiles in unsealed packages of food and are unable to detect volatiles that are sealed in containers or packages, which are the common situations in food storage and sales. Herein, we investigated a non-intrusive method for detecting food volatiles and monitoring fruit spoilage during storage. A laser directed incident radiation into the food package where it diffused through the box, and absorption spectra were generated. The fingerprint spectra of the molecules in food volatiles were used to determine the concentrations of the volatiles inside the food package. In the experiment, grape spoilage was monitored by measuring changes in oxygen concentration and we successfully predicted the beginning of grape spoilage on the seventh day. The root-mean-square errors of prediction for the storage times of grapes and strawberries were 0.4426 and 0.3079 days, respectively.

Delineating the extra-virgin olive oil aroma blueprint by multiple headspace solid phase microextraction and differential-flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with parallel mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection (GC × GC-MS/FID) enables effective chromatographic fingerprinting of complex samples by comprehensively mapping untargeted and targeted components. Moreover, the complementary characteristics of MS and FID open the possibility of performing multi-target quantitative profiling with great accuracy. If this synergy is applied to the complex volatile fraction of food, sample preparation is crucial and requires appropriate methodologies capable of providing true quantitative results.In this study, untargeted/targeted (UT) fingerprinting of extra-virgin olive oil volatile fractions is combined with accurate quantitative profiling by multiple headspace solid phase microextraction (MHS-SPME). External calibration on fifteen pre-selected analytes and FID predicted relative response factors (RRFs) enable the accurate quantification of forty-two analytes in total, including key-aroma compounds, potent odorants, and olive oil geographical markers.Results confirm good performances of comprehensive UT fingerprinting in developing classification models for geographical origin discrimination, while quantification by MHS-SPME provides accurate results and guarantees data referability and results transferability over years. Moreover, by this approach the extent of internal standardization procedure inaccuracy, largely adopted in food volatiles profiling, is measured. Internal standardization yielded an average relative error of 208 % for the fifteen calibrated compounds, with an overestimation of + 538% for (E)-2-hexenal, the most abundant yet informative volatile of olive oil, and a -89% and -80% for (E)-2-octenal and (E)-2-nonenal respectively, analytes with a lower HS distribution constant.Compared to existing methods based on 1D-GC, the current procedure offers better separation power and chromatographic resolution that greatly improve method specificity and selectivity and results in lower LODs and LOQs, high calibration performances (i.e., R2 and residual distribution), and wider linear range of responses.As an artificial intelligence smelling machine, the MHS-SPME-GC × GC-MS/FID method is here adopted to delineate extra-virgin olive oil aroma blueprints; an objective tool with great flexibility and reliability that can improve the quality and information power of each analytical run.

The effect of 1-pentadecene on Tribolium castaneum behaviour: Repellent or attractant?

Movement of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in stored products is mediated by food volatiles and other semiochemicals. In two-way olfactometer assays, T. castaneum was more attracted to wheat bran previously infested with conspecifics than to uninfested bran. Chemical analysis showed that 1-pentadecene was present in the headspace of T. castaneum-infested wheat bran, but not detectable in the headspace of uninfested bran. An olfactometer was used to test the effect on T. castaneum behaviour of 1-pentadecene, and of volatiles from wheat bran with and without 1-pentadecene. The lowest concentration of 1-pentadecene exhibited an attractive effect, compared to the control (n-hexane). Slightly higher concentrations showed a neutral effect, while the highest concentrations repelled T. castaneum. Wheat bran with a low 1-pentadecene concentration was more attractive than wheat bran alone, whereas higher concentrations of 1-pentadecene were repellent. The results provide important information on intraspecific, semiochemical-mediated behaviour in T. castaneum, which could potentially be used to develop new methods to monitor the flour beetles in stored products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Flavor and Metabolite Profiles of Meat, Meat Substitutes, and Traditional Plant-Based High-Protein Food Products Available in Australia

Demand for plant-based proteins and plant-based food products is increasing globally. This trend is driven mainly by global population growth and a consumer shift towards more sustainable and healthier diets. Existing plant-based protein foods and meat mimetics often possess undesirable flavor and sensory properties and there is a need to better understand the formation of desirable meat-like flavors from plant precursors to improve acceptance of novel high-protein plant foods. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the non-volatile flavor metabolites and the volatiles generated in grilled meat (beef, chicken, and pork) and compare these to commercially available meat substitutes and traditional high-protein plant-based foods (natto, tempeh, and tofu). Solid phase microextraction with gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry was used for elucidation of the flavor volatilome. Untargeted characterization of the non-volatile metabolome was conducted using Orbitrap mass spectrometry and Compound DiscovererTM datamining software. The study revealed greater diversity and higher concentrations of flavor volatiles in plant-based foods in comparison to grilled meat, although the odor activity of specific volatiles was not considered. On average, the total amount of volatiles in plant-based products were higher than in meat. A range of concentrations of free amino acids, dipeptide, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, nucleotides, flavonoids, and other metabolites was identified in meat and plant-based foods.