Dietary Supplements Research Articles

The Predictors of Dietary Supplement Use Among Women With Musculoskeletal Disease: A Population-Based Complex Sample Designed Study.

Supplement use is influenced by personal factors such as sex, knowledge, health status, and sociocultural factors. Korean women with musculoskeletal disease commonly use dietary supplements for purposes such as symptom relief. This study aimed to identify the differences in demographics, health status, and functional health literacy depending on the use of dietary supplements in Korean women with musculoskeletal disease. A cross-sectional study and secondary data analysis were designed using a representative, multilevel stratified cluster sample from the 8th wave (2019) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national statistical survey encompassing health status, health behaviors, and food and nutrient consumption. Data on 804 women aged 20 years or older with musculoskeletal disease were included. A complex samples χ2-test was conducted to compare all variables such as demographics, health status, and functional health literacy. As results, significant differences were found between the dietary supplement user and non-user groups in terms of age (χ2 = 12.21, P = .009), type of health insurance (χ2 = 4.01, P = .049), education level (χ2 = 42.86, P < .001), and presence of diabetes mellitus (χ2 = 9.16, P = .005). Functional health literacy was higher in the user group than in the non-user group (χ² = 5.48, P = .050). We found that younger individuals with health insurance, higher educational levels, and functional health literacy, and who do not have diabetes are likely to use dietary supplements. Healthcare providers should continue to monitor the use of dietary supplements among women with musculoskeletal diseases to ensure their safe and effective use.

Do We Need Supplements?

ABSTRACT Dietary supplements are produced in capsules, tablets, pills, and other similar forms, which are designed to be consumed as a dietary supplement. Most people today are aware of the role of nutrition in health, and they take supplements to improve the quality of their health, prevent diseases, supplement their diet, and boost their immunity. This study aims to analyze the knowledge of pharmacy students throughout Indonesia regarding the correct use of supplements. This study uses descriptive studies and administration of study instruments with a cross-sectional approach. The study instrument was a questionnaire with 10 questions. This study was conducted at Tanjung Pura University Pontianak in September 2023. The sampling method was random sampling with an accidental sampling technique. The number of samples collected for this study was 140 respondents. Almost all respondents had taken supplements, (99%; n=138). Based on the knowledge assessment score obtained through the questionnaire, it was found that 87% of pharmacy students throughout Indonesia had good knowledge of the correct selection and use of supplements and as many as 13% of students had poor knowledge of the correct selection and use of supplements. As many as 87% of respondents already knew about how to choose/use supplements correctly. Keywords: Supplement, Nutrition, Multivitamin, Mineral

Aliphatic substrates-mediated unique rapid room temperature synthesis of carbon quantum dots for fenofibrate versatile analysis.

The current synthetic strategies for carbon dots (CDs) are usually time-consuming, rely on complicated processes, and need high temperatures and energy. Recent studies have successfully synthesized CDs at room temperature. Unfortunately, most CDs synthesized at room temperature are obtained under harsh reaction conditions, prepared using aromatic precursors, or need a long time to generate. Therefore, an energy-free room-temperature rapid synthesis of CDs under mild conditions using aliphatic substrates is important. We aim to provide an innovative approach to synthesizing CDs to be used to develop the first fluorescence-based assay of the non-fluorescent anti-hyperlipidemic drug, fenofibrate. We report an innovative, energy-free, and room-temperature preparation of fluorescent N-doped CDs utilizing aliphatic substrates in only 20min. The synthesis was based on a self-exothermic Schiff base condensation reaction between methylglyoxal and ethylenediamine. The prepared CDs' antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and cell-imaging ability were investigated. The fluorescence signal of the CDs was quantitively quenched upon adding increasing concentrations of fenofibrate in the range of 0.50-15.0μg/mL. Therefore, the prepared CDs were applied as a nanosensor to develop the first fluorescence-based assay of fenofibrate. The reliability of the synthesized nanosensor was confirmed by the successful quantification of fenofibrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms, environmental water, weight loss herbal products, and dietary supplements. The obtained recovery ranged from 95.33 to 104.58%. In addition, the minimal environmental impact of the developed fenofibrate sensing strategy was confirmed using the recently reported metrics. The key advantage of this work is the use of an energy-free approach to synthesize CDs rapidly under mild conditions without aromatic substrates. This opens a new window for the eco-friendly synthesis of CDs that avoids the drawbacks of the traditional methods. Additionally, it is the first fluorescence nanosensor for sensing fenofibrate in various matrices, avoiding the limitations of the previous methods, such as high cost, poor selectivity, and low sensitivity.

An oat fiber intervention for reducing PFAS body burden: A pilot study in male C57Bl/6J mice.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a major public health concern, in part because several PFAS have elimination half-lives on the order of years and are associated with adverse health outcomes. While PFAS can be transported into bile, their efficient reuptake by intestinal transporter proteins results in minimal fecal elimination. Here, we tested the hypothesis that consumption of oat β-glucan, a dietary supplement known to disrupt the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids, will reduce PFAS body burdens. Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed diets based on the "What we eat in America" analysis that were supplemented with inulin or oat β-glucan and exposed via drinking water to a seven PFAS mixture (PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, Nafion Byproduct-2, PFHxS and PFOS) for 6weeks. One cohort of mice was euthanized at the end of the exposure, and one cohort continued on the experimental diets for 4 more weeks without additional PFAS exposure. The β-glucan fed mice drank significantly more water than the inulin fed mice, resulting in a significantly higher dose of PFAS. Relative to overall exposure, we observed lower serum concentration trends (p<0.1) in β-glucan fed mice for PFHpA, PFOA and PFOS. Additionally, β-glucan fed mice had lower adipose:body weight ratios and liver and jejunum triglyceride concentrations. Hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11 were elevated in PFAS exposed mice, with only the expression of Cyp3a11 decreasing following depuration. This pilot study generates support for the hypothesis that oat β-glucan supplementation can reduce PFAS body burdens and stimulate healthful effects on lipid homeostasis.

Unveiling techniques and exploring the potential of Myconutraceticals: Analyzing current applications and future prospects

The escalating demand for natural, nutritionally rich food products underscores the significance of exploring the fungal kingdom, comprising yeast, lichens, molds, and mushrooms, as an abundant reservoir of nutritionalcompounds, secondary metabolites and bioactive components. This paper delves into the nutritional profiles of lichen, yeast, and mushrooms, emphasizing their role as prominent sources of myco-nutraceuticals and functional foods. The growing popularity of eco-friendly extraction techniques for mycochemicals is noted, alongside the exploration of established methods for qualitative and quantitative mycochemical analysis. Notably, studies have affirmed that the incorporation of mushroom and yeast extracts, and their derived compounds, enhances the nutritional profile of meals without compromising desirable dietary attributes. The biological health-promoting properties inherent in extracts and chemicals are also discussed. Anticipated trends the incorporation of myconutrients into functional foods and dietary supplements are highlighted. Finally, challenges hindering the optimal utilization of myconutraceuticals are scrutinized.

Chitosan and its derivatives: A novel approach to gut microbiota modulation and immune system enhancement.

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin found in crustacean shells and certain fungi, has attracted considerable attention for its promising health benefits, particularly in gut microbiota maintenance and immune system modulation. This review critically examines chitosan's multifaceted role in supporting gut health and enhancing immunity, beginning with a comprehensive overview of its sources, chemical structure, and its dual function as a dietary supplement and biomaterial. Chitosan's prebiotic effects are highlighted, with a focus on its ability to selectively stimulate beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, while enhancing gut barrier integrity and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The review delves deeply into chitosan's immunomodulatory mechanisms, including its impact on antigen-presenting cells, cytokine profiles, and systemic immune responses. A detailed comparative analysis assesses chitosan's efficacy relative to other prebiotics and immunomodulatory agents, examining challenges related to bioavailability and metabolic activity. Beyond its role in gut health, this review explores chitosan's potential as a dual-action agent that not only supports gut microbiota but also fortifies immune resilience. It introduces emerging research on novel chitosan derivatives, such as chitooligosaccharides, and evaluates their enhanced bioactivity for functional food applications. Special attention is given to sustainability, with an exploration of alternative, plant-based sources of chitosan and their implications for both health and environmental stewardship. Also, the review identifies new research avenues, such as the growing interest in chitosan's role in the gut-brain axis and its potential mental health benefits through microbial interactions. By addressing these innovative areas, the review aims to shift the focus from basic health effects to chitosan's broader impact on public health. The findings encourage further exploration, particularly through human trials, and emphasize chitosan's untapped potential in revolutionizing health and disease management.

Impact of fermented bamboo powder on the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract in yellow-feather broiler chickens.

Bamboo powder, a novel ingredient, is gaining recognition for its potential as a dietary supplement in poultry feed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented bamboo powder (FBP) on antioxidant status, gut hormone activities, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, gut morphological structure, gastrointestinal development, and the expression of nutritional transporter genes in dwarf yellow-feather broiler chickens. A total of 600 healthy 1-day-old chicks were allocated randomly into two groups, with 10 replicates per group and 30 chicks in each replicate. The control group was provided with a standard basal diet, whereas the experimental group received the same basal diet supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g/kg of fermented bamboo powder (FBP) in four phases: Phase I (days 1-22), Phase II (days 23-45), Phase III (days 46-60), and Phase IV (days 61-77). Phases I and II were categorized as the pretreatment period (days 0-45), while Phases III and IV represented the experimental period (days 46-77). Tissue samples were collected during Phase IV for further analysis. After 77 days of feeding, results revealed that FBP supplementation significantly enhanced the levels of gastrointestinal hormones (Glucagon-like peptide 1, Peptide YY, Cholecystokinin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Similarly, the activities of digestive enzymes (protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and amylase) were significantly increased in the small intestine. It also improved gut morphology by increasing villus height, crypt depth, and goblet cell counts in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were significantly increased, while malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased in the jejunum. Additionally, FBP supplementation significantly enhanced gizzard development. Overall, FBP supplementation modulated gut hormones and enzymes, enhanced gut morphology and promoted antioxidant status and gene expression related to nutrient transport and antioxidant defenses in broiler chickens. These findings suggest that FBP has the potential as a beneficial dietary supplement in poultry feed.

Wheat β-glucan reduces obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice with high-fat and high-salt diet by regulating intestinal flora.

Unbalanced diets, characterized by high fat or high salt content, are contributing to the obesity epidemic. Wheat bran, recognized as a promising by-product, has the potential to regulate metabolic disorders (MD) associated with obesity. Beta-glucan (BG) has multiple biological activities, but the effect of BG in wheat bran on MD remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of wheat BG (WBG) on dyslipidemia and gut microbiota dysregulation in high fat (HF) or high fat-high salt (HFHS) fed mice. The results demonstrated that WBG significantly reduced the weight gain of mice fed with HF and HFHS diets (from 9.74g to 2.43g and from 6.74g to 2.48g, respectively). Additionally, WBG led to significant reductions in TG (26.26% in HFG and 33.78% in HFHSG) and TC (34.69% in HFG) levels. The liver and adipocyte damage were also reduced after dietary supplementation with WBG. Moreover, WBG significantly reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (9.52 at HF, 0.62 at HFG, 17.38 at HFHS and 0.61 at HFHSG). Concurrently, there was a reduction in acetic acid levels observed at rates of 26.11% for HF and 32.18% for HFHS. Additionally, WBG reduced the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, Romboutsia, Faecalibaculum, and Enterorhabdus that positively associated with obesity. These changes in gut microbiota may explain the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of WBG. In conclusion, our findings suggest that WBG is a promising dietary supplement. Our research can provide new insights into the development of foods rich in dietary fiber.

Conformation and binding of 12 Microcystin (MC) congeners to PPP1 using molecular dynamics simulations: A potential approach in support of an improved MC risk assessment.

Microcystins (MCs) occur frequently during cyanobacterial blooms worldwide, representing a group of currently about 300 known MC congeners, which are structurally highly similar. Human exposure to MCs via contaminated water, food or dietary supplements can lead to severe intoxications with ensuing high morbidity and in some cases mortality. Currently, one MC congener (MC-LR) is almost exclusively considered for risk assessment (RA) by the WHO. Many MC congeners co-occur during bloom events, of which MC-LR is not the most toxic. Indeed, MC congeners differ dramatically in their inherent toxicity, consequently raising question about the reliability of the WHO RA and the derived guidance values. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can aid in understanding differences in toxicity, as experimental validation for all known MC congeners is not feasible. Therefore, we present MD simulations of a total of twelve MC congeners, of which eight MC congeners were simulated for the first time. We show that depending on their structure and toxicity class, MCs adapt to different backbone conformations. These backbone conformations are specific to certain MC congeners and can change or shift to other conformations upon binding to PPP1, affecting the stability of the binding. Analysis of the interactions with PPP1 demonstrated that there are frequently occurring patterns for individual MC congeners, and that published PPP interactions could be reproduced. In addition, common but also unique patterns were found for individual MC congeners, suggesting differences in binding behaviour. The MD simulations presented here therefore enhance our understanding of MC congener-specific differences and demonstrated that congener-specific investigations are prerequisite for allowing characterisation of yet untested or even unknown MC congeners, thereby allowing for a novel potential approach in support of an improved RA of microcystins in humans.

Enrichment of antioxidant peptides by interfacial modification of oat polypeptides induced by zinc ions.

The pursuit of methods to enhance the purity of food-sourced bioactive peptides continues to pose significant challenges. This study introduces an innovative approach to enrich antioxidant peptides by using zinc ion coordination to augment the foaming capabilities of oat peptides. The resulting antioxidant peptide fraction (AF) accounted for 18% of the oat globulin hydrolysates, with a significant increase (22-47%) in scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), OH, and O2- radicals. Proteomics identified 479 peptide segments within AF, and the HipHop analysis further identified 340 antioxidant peptides. Notably, the larger peptides (7-23 amino acids) were the primary contributors to the antioxidant activity, featuring key pharmacophores, i.e., charge centers, hydrophobic centers, and hydrogen bond acceptors. The AF and its key monomers (DDTKTWPEDL, YSTDPANPTKSA, NKREQQSGNNIF, and QVGQSPQYQEG) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on tyrosinase (IC50, 18.60-46.20μg/mL) and provided strong inhibition against lipid oxidation, indicating great potential for applications in health supplements and food preservation.

Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Trikatu, Black Pepper, Javanese Long Pepper, and Red Ginger Essential Oils

BackgroundTrikatu (TR) is an Ayurvedic formulation that consists of three pungent medicinal ingredients: long pepper fruit, black pepper, and ginger rhizome. However, the strong pungency of the TR constituents poses challenges for oral administration. Therefore, the formulation of TR in the form of essential oils for aromatherapy could be considered to overcome this challenge. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to determine the contribution of black pepper (BP), javanese long pepper (JLP), and red ginger (RG) to the GC-MS metabolite profile of trikatu (TR) essential oil and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant activities. MethodsThe essential oils from BP, JLP, and RG were extracted using the stahl hydro-distillation method. Phytochemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed with the help of R packages of factoMiner and factoExtra to examine the metabolite distributions. Antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. ResultsThe GC-MS analysis of BP, JLP, RG, and TR essential oils revealed the presence of 11 common compound, including linalool, caryophyllene, and beta-bisabolene. PCA showed different patterns of compound abundance across the samples. For example, linalool was more abundant in TR samples, while gamma-bisabolene was more in JLP samples. The antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils were significantly different, with RG showing the lowest IC50 value 2.73±0.09 mg/mL, indicating higher antioxidant potential compared to BP and JLP. ConclusionsThis study highlights the unique metabolite profiles in RG, BP, JLP, and TR essential oils, which contribute significantly to their bioactive properties, particularly antioxidant activity. RG essential oil plays a significant role in enhancing the antioxidant potential of TR. These insights support broader applications in aromatherapy, wellness, and healthcare, where TR essential oil can be used for antioxidant support, stress relief, and as a natural supplement. Future research may further optimize these essential oils for targeted therapeutic and preventive applications.

Maternal ingestion of cannabidiol (CBD) in mice leads to sex-dependent changes in memory, anxiety, and metabolism in the adult offspring, and causes a decrease in survival to weaning age

RationaleThe consequences of perinatal cannabidiol (CBD) exposure are severely understudied, but are important, given its widespread use and believed safety as a natural supplement. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the health, metabolic, and behavioral consequences of perinatal CBD exposure on dams and their offspring raised to adult. MethodsPrimiparous female C57BL/6 J mice were orally administered 100 mg/kg CBD in strawberry jam to expose offspring during gestation, lactation, or both using a cross-fostering design. Adult offspring were metabolically profiled using indirect calorimetry and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing. Adults were behaviorally phenotyped, video recorded, and mouse position tracked using DeepLabCut. ResultsCBD was detected in maternal plasma using LC-MS 10-min post consumption (34.2 ± 1.7 ng/ul) and peaked within 30 min (371.0 ± 34.0 ng/ul). Fetal exposure to CBD significantly decreased survival of the pups, and decreased male postnatal development, but did not alter litter size, maternal body weight or pup birth weight. We observed many sex-dependent effects of perinatal CBD exposure. Exposure to CBD during gestation and lactation increased meal size, caloric intake, and respiratory exchange ratio for adult male offspring, while exposure during lactation decreased fasting glucose, but had no effect on clearance. Adult female offspring exposed to CBD during lactation showed increased drink size. Perinatal CBD exposure increased obsessive compulsive- and decreased anxiety-like behaviors (marble burying, light-dark box, elevated-plus maze) in female mice, decreased long-term object memory in male mice, and had no effect on attention tasks for either sex. ConclusionsWe conclude that orally-administered CBD during pregnancy affects behavior and metabolism in a sex-dependent manner, and mice are differentially sensitive to exposure during gestation vs. lactation, or both. Because long-term changes are observed following perinatal exposure to the drug, and exposure significantly decreases survival to weaning, more research during development is warranted.

Navigating Online Health Information: Assessing the Quality and Readability of Dietary and Herbal Supplements for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Navigating Online Health Information: Assessing the Quality and Readability of Dietary and Herbal Supplements for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Navigating Online Health Information: Assessing the Quality and Readability of Dietary and Herbal Supplements for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Navigating Online Health Information: Assessing the Quality and Readability of Dietary and Herbal Supplements for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Nutrition Interventions in the Treatment of Endometriosis: A Scoping Review.

Pain, poor quality of life (QOL) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with endometriosis. Although diet and nutrition supplements are frequently used to manage endometriosis-related symptoms, there is limited understanding of the breadth and quality of research in this field. Our aim was to undertake a scoping review of diet and nutrition supplement intervention studies in people with endometriosis, diagnosed by ultrasound or surgery. MEDLINE Complete, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published in English from database inception to November 2024. Quality was assessed by two reviewers independently using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. In total, 5130 publications were screened and 13 were included. Among these, five evaluated the effect of diet intervention, one evaluated the effect of a combined diet-supplement intervention and seven evaluated the effect of a nutrition supplement in endometriosis. Overall, there were seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 1 diet intervention, n = 6 nutrition supplement), two nonrandomised controlled studies (n = 1 diet intervention, n = 1 combined diet-supplement) and four uncontrolled studies (n = 3 diet intervention, n = 1 nutrition supplement). On the basis of evidence from the RCTs, the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet improved QOL and GI symptoms, whereas garlic supplements and combination trace element supplements may be beneficial for improving reduced pain symptoms related to endometriosis. The quality of most included studies was poor. Adherence to the interventions was only measured in five studies and only one diet study measured baseline diet. High-quality RCTs of diet and nutrition supplement interventions are needed to progress the understanding of whether they should be integrated into the clinical management of endometriosis.

Ergothioneine exerts neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease: Targeting α-synuclein aggregation and oxidative stress.

Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural dietary antioxidant derived from certain edible mushrooms, commonly used as a food additive and supplement, but its effects on Parkinson's Disease (PD) are still unclear. The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of PD. Here, this study demonstrated that EGT effectively inhibits α-syn aggregation, disrupts mature fibers, and reduces associated cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of EGT were confirmed in Caenorhabditis elegans, where it protected dopaminergic neurons, prolonged lifespan and enhanced behavioral functions by reducing α-syn plaque accumulation and associated oxidative stress. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that EGT interacts directly with α-syn pentamer through van der Waals and electrostatic forces, disrupting the structural stability of the preformed pentamer. Furthermore, animal studies validated that EGT alleviated neuronal damage and improved behavioral deficits by reducing α-syn aggregation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGT presents promising potential as a dietary supplement for preventing and alleviating PD.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TCCC11824 exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects through regulation of NF-κB-HMGCR pathway and gut microbiota in mice and clinical patients

A strong association exists between the high-fat diet (HFD) and the incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease, affecting an increasing number of individuals. More and more research has shown that probiotics and gut microbiota play important roles in dietary absorption, metabolism and host healthy. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TCCC11824 (CGMCC 8198) on hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice and clinical. Fristly, there was a dose-dependent improvement in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in mice which had been treated with L. plantarum TCCC11824 for 5 weeks thus restoring the balance of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, it showed that cell lysate of L. plantarum TCCC11824 could directly exhibit protective effects on the hepatocytes steatosis induced by oleic acid, and regulate the expression of HMGCR by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Importantly, L.plantarum TCCC11824 ameliorated the expression of indicators of hyperlipidemia and inhibited the synthesis of SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), as shown by blood and fecal tests in hyperlipidemic patients. In summary, L. plantarum TCCC11824 exerts anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-obesity effects through the regulation of HMGCR via NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota, indicating its potential as a dietary supplement for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Anticancer Properties Against Select Cancer Cell Lines and Metabolomics Analysis of Tender Coconut Water.

Tender Coconut Water (TCW) is a nutrient-rich dietary supplement that contains in bioactive secondary metabolites and phytohormones with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies on TCW's anti-cancer properties are limited and the mechanism of its anti-cancer effects have not been defined. In the present study, we investigate TCW for its anti-cancer properties and, using untargeted metabolomics, we identify components form TCW with potential anti-cancer activity. Cell viability assay, BrdU incorporation assay, soft-agar assay, flow-cytometery, and Western blotting were used to analyze TCW's anticancer properties and to identify mechanism of action. Liquid chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify TCW components. TCW decreased the viability and anchorage-independent growth of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and caused S-phase cell cycle arrest. TCW inhibited AKT and ERK phosphorylation leading to reduced ZEB1 protein, increased E-cadherin, and reduced N-cadherin protein expression in HepG2 cells, thus reversing the 'epithelial-to-mesenchymal' (EMT) transition. TCW also decreased the viability of Hep3B hepatoma, HCT-15 colon, MCF-7 and T47D luminal A breast cancer (BC) and MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 triplenegative BC cells. Importantly, TCW did not inhibit the viability of MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of TCW identified 271 metabolites, primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and organic oxygen compounds. We demonstrate that three components from TCW: 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one, iondole-3-carbox aldehyde and caffeic acid inhibit the growth of cancer cells. TCW and its components exhibit anti-cancer effects. TCW inhibits the viability of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by reversing the EMT process through inhibition of AKT and ERK signalling.

A Systematic Review on Neutraceutical

Abstract: Truly, nutraceuticals transformed the whole healthcare system with a view toward disease prevention and treatment as a whole. In this replete review, a multinational and complex world of nutraceuticals is brought stage-after-stage definition, historical progression, and categorization. It will deal with various nutraceuticals such as dietary supplements, functional foods, herbal extracts, probiotics with their underlying mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds. The wide-ranging benefits extended as health benefits by nutraceuticals-stating cardioprotective and anticancer properties along with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory benefits are highlighted by the review. The review also addresses some crucial issues concerning safety, efficacy, regulation, standardization, and quality control. It finally takes a look into the future in regard to newer and emerging trends and innovations, which include personalized nutrition, nanotechnology, and even synthetic biology. This review would be the first foundation stone for researchers, healthcare professionals, and industry experts who want to exploit the transformational potential of nutraceuticals.

Reference materials for food authentication.

The global food industry faces significant challenges in ensuring the safety and authenticity of food products. Economic adulteration and counterfeiting of food are estimated to cost the industry US$30-40 billion annually. Analytical testing plays a vital role in detecting food fraud. For ensuring the metrological traceability and comparability of testing results, the use of reference materials (RMs) is crucial. The article describes the role of RMs in food authenticity testing, including their applications in method validation, calibration, quality control, and the definition of conventional measurement scales. It also reviews the availability of RMs that can be used in measurement procedures to authenticate food. Furthermore, the applications of RMs in targeted adulterant detection methods, for compositional parameters used to authenticate foods and food supplements, isotopic measurements, untargeted food authenticity testing methods, and detection and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are explored. The document concludes by recommending the development of research grade test materials or representative test materials to harmonise untargeted testing methods and improve comparability of results across laboratories and over time.