Food Self-sufficiency Research Articles

MITIGATING SPATIAL DISPROPORTIONS IN AGRICULTURE THROUGH REVEALING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES

Spatial development of agriculture has always been among the core agendas of food security. Amid the increased volatility of food markets globally, low diversification of agricultural production depresses competitiveness and flexibility of farmers. To narrow spatial development gaps, the study presents the five-stage approach to revealing territory-specific competitive advantages in producing nine categories of agricultural products. The data is collected across all administrative territories of Russia categorized according to the cadastral value of farmland. The revealed mismatches between the parameters of food self-sufficiency, productivity of crops, and profitability of farmers show that agricultural policy should aim at stimulating production of competitive products with due account to the spatial features of agriculture to ensure the highest return per unit of inputs along with adequate accessibility of staples for consumers. Determining proportions in which agricultural facilities should be allocated across territories would allow governments to tailor the resource provision programs, including subsidies to territories, agricultural sectors, and individual producers.

NILAI TAMBAH DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHA PUPUK ORGANIK MAJU JAYA DI DESA ALEBO KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

Cow manure converted into organic fertiliser is of good quality and has a high sales value. The use of faeces and urine as organic fertiliser is very beneficial, especially for soil fertility, and provides the necessary nutrients for plants. The village of Alebo has a majority of farmers, so fertilizer is the main need for the management of crops such as rice, maize, sweet potato, beans and other crops, as well as in the surrounding village communities, which also have a majority of rice fields and are farmers. Urban communities also need fertilizers to fertilize ornamental plants in their gardens. The processing of cow dung into organic fertiliser in Alebo village, Konda sub-district, is one of the areas affected by the covid-19 virus pandemic, so it is important to analyse the added value and benefits of organic fertiliser production. The objective of this study is to analyze the added value and benefits of organic fertilizer manufacturing activities after the covid-19 pandemic in Alebo village, Konda sub-county. This study should serve as a demonstration tool for other districts or surrounding villages that have not yet converted cow dung into organic fertilizer, as well as a training forum for farmers/ranchers in agricultural areas to integrate agriculture and livestock production in synergy in the same area to support the realization of food self-sufficiency. The results showed that value added and profits generally declined before the covid-19 programme and that while the covid-19 programme actually led to a decline in activity, the post-covid-19

German food security in times of crisis

The article deals with the German food security during the conflict in Ukraine. The study analyses the German food system resilience and the Ukrainian crisis impact on food security. The author aims to solve several scientific problems as well. The article examines the German understanding of food security and how the national concept corresponds to the approaches of international organisations. The author analyses the level of self-sufficiency in basic food products in Germany and the impact of the Ukrainian conflict on various imported food products. She examines official documents of the UN FAO, the government of Germany, and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food to identify the conception of food security in Germany. The researcher scrutinises statistic data provided by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Federal Office for Food and Agriculture, the Federal Statistical Office and concludes about the level of German self-sufficiency in food. The interpretation of data data of fluctuations in the supply of oilseeds and oil reveals the effect of Ukrainian crisis on German food security as well. Official papers and statistic data analysis shows that Germany achieved self-sufficiency in basic food. The country focuses on strengthening the sustainability of agriculture and improving food quality in its national strategic papers. The weak element of food security is imports of oil and oilseeds, the supply of which declined in 2022. At the same time, raising prices and declining supplies of gas and fertilisers can become a serious threat to food security.

Sustainability evaluation of contrasting milpa systems in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

AbstractThe milpa agroecosystem is an intercropping of maize, beans, squash and other crops, developed in Mesoamerica, and its adoption is widely variable across climates and regions. An example of particular interest is the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, which holds highly diverse milpas, drawing on ancestral Mayan knowledge. Traditional milpas have been described as sustainable resource management models, based on long rotations within a slash-and-burn cycle in forest areas. Nevertheless, due to modernization and intensification processes, new variants of the approach have appeared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of three milpa systems (traditional, continuous, and mechanized) in four case studies across the Peninsula, with emphasis on food self-sufficiency, social inclusion and adoption of innovations promoted by a development project. The Framework for the Evaluation of Agroecosystems using Indicators (MESMIS, for its Spanish acronym) was used for its flexible, participatory approach. A common group of indicators was developed despite regional differences between study cases, with a high level of farmer participation throughout the iterative process. The results show lower crop yields in traditional systems, but with lower inputs costs and pesticide use. In contrast, continuous milpas had higher value in terms of crop diversity, food security, social inclusion, and innovation adoption. Mechanized milpas had lower weed control costs. Profitability of cash crops and the proportion of forest were high in all systems. Highly adopted innovations across milpa types and study cases included spatial crop arrangement and the use of residues as mulches. However, most innovations are not adapted to local conditions, and do not address climate change. Further, women and youth participation is low, especially in traditional systems.

Supplying of Wheat and Flour to the Army of Arauco during the Government of Francisco Laso de la Vega (1625-1640)

In 1598 southern Chile was engulfed in an Indian uprising that culminated with the abandonment of numerous cities and the loss of Spanish lives and material belongings. To stop the losses, the Spanish King sent to Chile an army of two thousand soldiers with the instruction that they should be supplied locally. Here we analyze the military supply systems of the Arauco Army from its creation after the 1598 Indian uprising until the end of the reign of Francisco Laso de la Vega. We will see the creation and ultimate failure of the Royal Farms and the role of the military landowners in the planting of wheat and the production of flour for the army. We will see the difficulties and commercial possibilities created by the war and their consequences shown in the production of wheat and the functioning of the hydraulic flour mills. We affirm that the region of Concepción archived food self-sufficiency during the reign of Francisco Laso de la Vega, which permitted the region to situate itself into the new Peruvian wheat market at the end of the 17th century.

Providing food to the population of Kazakhstan: priorities, mechanisms

Goal - the current state and problems of development of agriculture in Kazakhstan are considered - basics of providing food to the population of the republic and development of recommendations for improving agricultural policy. Methods – systematic approach, abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical. Results - the authors note that the Republic of Kazakhstan ranks 32nd in the Global Food Security Index for 2022. The country has sufficient natural resources to strengthen agri-food sector, and there is the necessary level of physical availability of food products. At the same time, the share of consumer spending on food products exceeds 50%, which indicates a relatively low degree of economic accessibility of food products. The republic is directly dependent on imports of beef, pork, poultry, fish, seafood, vegetable oils, sugar and chocolate. Dairy products are uncompetitive in comparison with similar Russian and Belarusian products, which leads to significant volumes of imports. Positive results of the functioning of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan include exceeding gross grain harvest of the threshold level of food self-sufficiency. Conclusions – recommendations prepared as part of the study are aimed at further spreading agricultural cooperation in livestock and crop production, implementing the import substitution policy in agricultural sector, increasing profitability of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, improving domestic technological and resource base, and living conditions in rural areas. Improving food security will be possible if there are effective measures of support from the state for agricultural producers, which implies necessary level of subsidies, reimbursement of capital costs, preferential lending, and provision of targeted financial assistance.

Pemberdayaan Lahan Sempit Bagi Masyarakat Perkotaan dalam Meningkatkan Minat Berwirausaha pada Subsektor Usaha Tani Perkotaan

Land management is the process of making and planning decisions, directing, organizing, and managing human, physical, financial, and information resources to achieve organizational goals in efficient and effective land management. Changes in land use in urban areas are increasing along with urban expansion and development. Trends in land use in metropolitan areas reflect economic and demographic expansion, as well as societal preferences as drivers of land use change. To achieve household food self-sufficiency and sustainable urban growth, urban areas need regulations to limit changes in land use. Agricultural techniques in urban environments are currently developing according to zone features and land availability. Vegetables, horticultural, ornamental, and medicinal plants are the only crops grown in the city. The purpose of this research is to show how limited urban space can be used for agriculture and family food self-sufficiency.

Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies at Highlands of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Increment of human population with the depletion of natural resources is challenging agriculture-based economy of developing countries. Hence, it is mandatory to find possible solutions to feed the increasing population. Ethiopian government has a vision the motto of food self-sufficiency by wheat production. for surplus production breeders have released many bread wheat varieties for different agroecologies. Therefore, released variety must be extended to the end users. This activity was proposed to evaluate bread wheat varieties at highlands of Guji zone. Three districts were selected based their wheat production potential. Sinja, Wane and Sanate bread wheat varieties were demonstrated on 10mx10m of 21 farmers’ land. Training and mini field day was organized for bread wheat promotion in selected districts. Descriptive statistics and cost-benefit analysis were used to analysis the data. The result showed that highest yield of 28.71qt/ha was harvested from Sanate followed by Wane (26.29 qt/ha) and Sinja (23 qt/ha) varieties. Production of Sanate, Wane and Sinja in highlands of Guji zone could generate 55489 birr/ha, 61263 birr/ha and 49846 birr/ha, respectively. Regardless of higher yield of Sanate experimental farmers preferred Wane variety as its color attract the market demand. Farmers witnessed the higher yield, good return and acceptance of Wane variety. Hence, Wane variety should be disseminated in highlands of Guji zone through pre scaling up and large scale production.

Assessment of Food Security, Food Independence and Community Welfare in Food Insecure Areas

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect food security and its impact on the welfare and economic growth of Javanese society. This research method is correlation analysis with primary sources in the form of books and secondary sources in the form of articles and internet pages. This research is the result of a long-term correlation analysis as an effort to improve economic stability has an attachment between variables that affect the functions of Food Security, Food Independence, and Welfare which affect each other not enough with just one element standing alone. Food Security has a two tailed Pearson correlation that shows strong and positive results on food self-sufficiency and welfare. Food security, food self-sufficiency and welfare are very complex. The success of the program is also the shared responsibility of all components of the Nation and the Republic of Indonesia.

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.

Agronomic assessment of the yield variability and yield gap of maize in Bhutan

Maize is the staple food crop in Bhutan, which has not achieved national food self-sufficiency. On-farm assessment of yield variability would provide insights into the priorities for Bhutan's maize development program. Here, we conducted three studies in Bhutan: a household survey, on-station experiment, and on-farm monitoring. First, we interviewed 100 households and collected information on maize crop management options and farming characteristics. Second, we evaluated maize growth at two research stations in different elevation zones (640 and 1,700 ​m a.s.l.). Third, we harvested maize from 25 farm fields at low and high elevations. The gaps between potential yield (with the best management practices at the research stations) and average farm yield and between the best and average farm yields were 53% and 23%, respectively, at the low elevation, and 23% and 20%, respectively, at the high elevation. The classification and regression tree (CART) model showed that field location (distance from the farmer's home), seed source (certified vs. self-produced), and the number of household members involved in farming were the key farming characteristics that affected yield variability, and the manure application regime, urea application, sowing method, and weeding frequency were key management practices. Our results suggest that future research should clarify the most suitable sowing methods and nutrient and weed management regimes, and identify optimal cultivars for each elevation zone, with the goal of developing crop management guidelines for smallholder farmers in Bhutan.

Changing rice geographies: a long-term perspective of Portuguese regional production (1860-2018)

From its origins in Asia, cultivation of Oryza sativa L. in Portugal has had to adapt to local agroecological conditions. Since the late eighteenth century, there has been significant human intervention in rice production, particularly through public policies aimed at increasing production to achieve national food self-sufficiency. Using national and regional statistics on rice production, this article analyses how public policies on rice cultivation over the last 160 years have impacted and interacted with territorial agroecological conditions and the genetic characteristics of the rice varieties being cultivated. We concluded that public policies led to increased production by favouring the geographical reorganisation of rice production based on the rice varieties used and changing territorial agroecological conditions.

Assessing the Foodshed and Food Self-Sufficiency of the Pearl River Delta Megacity Region in China.

Food self-sufficiency has long been regarded as essential for understanding and managing urban and regional food systems; however, few studies have examined the food self-sufficiency of megacity regions within a comprehensive framework that distinguishes different types of agricultural land (i.e., arable land, horticultural landscapes, and waters). To fill these gaps, we took the Pearl River Delta as a case study and quantified the foodsheds of different types of agricultural land by calculating the land footprint of food consumption. On this basis, food self-sufficiency is defined as the ratio of available and required agricultural area for regional food demand. The results indicated that the self-sufficiency level provided by the arable land in the Pearl River Delta is low and cannot realize self-sufficiency at the regional and urban levels. The horticultural landscapes can provide self-sufficiency at the regional level, whereas the regions with water cannot, as their foodsheds extend over the boundary of the Pearl River Delta. For arable land, establishing a localized regional food system requires expanding the foodshed size. These findings provide evidence that megacity regions may face increasing difficulties in achieving self-sufficiency in the near future. This research can improve policymakers' understanding of the sustainability and resilience of regional food systems in megacity regions.

NeoHada: Adaptive Urban Building based on Solar-Piezoelectric and Rooftop Farming to Realize Resilient Cities in Preventing Floods and Food Crises

Urban development, driven by increasing population density, significantly impacts the physical environment, leading to issues such as flooding, food crises, and energy shortages. In response to these challenges, particularly in the context of urban flooding in Indonesia, the implementing team proposes the NeoHada solution. NeoHada is an adaptive design concept that integrates Solar-Piezoelectric technology and Rooftop Farming to create resilient and sustainable cities. This concept is based on three key principles: Climatic Architecture, Energetic Architecture, and Productive Architecture. The principle of Climatic Architecture is implemented through a Rain Harvesting System, where building rooftops serve as rainwater reservoirs to prevent flooding and provide an alternative water source. The Energetic Architecture principle combines solar panels and piezoelectric technology to generate independent electrical energy, alternating between rainy and dry seasons. The Productive Architecture principle emphasizes the development of rooftop farming as a means of achieving urban food self-sufficiency. The NeoHada solution is expected to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Climate Action. By integrating innovative technology and adaptive design, NeoHada aims to mitigate the negative impacts of urban growth and promote city resilience against various disaster and crisis scenarios. It is hoped that this solution will serve as a guide for the development of cities in Indonesia towards sustainable sustainability.

Assessing the Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Food Prices in Saudi Arabia: Insights From Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) Analysis

Abstract This research investigates the impact of oil price fluctuations on food prices in Saudi Arabia between 1979 and 2020 using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) methodology. The study employs Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) tests to determine the integration order of the variables and Bounds testing to confirm the existence of long run cointegration relationships between each variable. The results indicate that oil shocks influence food prices through several mechanisms. Firstly, the cost of energy increases due to the rise in oil prices, affecting the agricultural commodity market, including farm equipment, food processing, packaging, and distribution costs. Secondly, the demand for agricultural commodities to produce biofuels affects food availability and thus food prices. Thirdly, as an oil-based economy, the oil price shock affects food prices through its impact on government spending, which affects aggregate demand and liquidity. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should adopt appropriate policies to mitigate the impact of oil price shocks on food prices, including investing in renewable energy sources, diversifying its economy, and improving food production and supply chain efficiency. Additionally, implementing appropriate fiscal policies to ensure sufficient budget allocation for food support programs is crucial. However, Investing in groundwater exploration can contribute significantly to the development of Saudi agriculture and to gradually achieving food self-sufficiency.

Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture: Problems of Planning Under Neoliberalism

This article examines the impacts of Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture (CA) program, a state-driven cereal production model implemented since 2016. In the context of the neglect of cereal crops by African states generally under the accumulation strategies of international and domestic capital, and in the face of persisting neoliberal strategies led by international agencies such as the World Bank, the Zimbabwe experience continues to provide insights into the problems and prospects of planning under neoliberalism. In the case of CA, the Government of Zimbabwe intervened to bolster maize production, which had remained underfunded. The study shows a distinct correlation between national food self-sufficiency and, to some extent, economic stability and growth under state intervention and planning. This suggests that the CA program, as well as other planning initiatives, can stimulate economic growth and development if well managed. It illuminates how farmers were recruited and mobilized under CA and attempts to identify the weaknesses and challenges of the program. We posit that state planning in cereal production poses a threat to neoliberalism and the hierarchical international food system, and is an important step toward attaining national sovereignty.

Strategi Desain Integrasi Rumah Susun dan Fasilitas Pertanian Perkotaan berbasis Self-sufficiency

<p><em>This paper focuses on the implementation of the concept of self-sufficiency in energy and food into residential buildings by adding agricultural facilities. There is still no specific literature on the application of self-sufficiency in residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities. Current literature. The current literature discusses self-suffiency in general, or the application of one aspect of self-suffiency in buildings, such as energy. In addition, the scale of discussion on large-scale self-sufficiency and not specific to residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities Therefore, this article can be one of the literature that discusses self-sufficiency specifically in residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities and on a microscale. Using theories from Mahdi, Magdalenna and Suharyanto , we formulate how to apply the self-sufficiency concept to the residential building by calculating the food and energy needed by the residents and how to achieve it. This project is a model of how to achieve self-sufficiency in residential buildings</em></p>

Criminal Aspects of Plant Cultivation

Plant cultivation is a very important means of production in realising food self-sufficiency for farmers, considering that cultivating plants is the life and livelihood of farmers. Therefore, it is a wrong action when the government draws up a plan for plant cultivation without involving farmers. The purpose of this research is to examine the extent of the government's role in strengthening food sovereignty through the implementation of the Plant Cultivation System Law, because the Law does not appear to provide for the rights of farmers. The existence of several cases where farmers are brought to trial for criminal provisions of plant cultivation shows that legal protection has not been carried out on the rights of farmers in maintaining local seeds and conducting plant crosses as charged in court, namely having carried out programs that are contrary to government programs that require the use of certified seeds or seeds produced by seed companies. This research is important to do in order to provide protection to novice farmers in cultivating plants to create a just legal framework. The research method uses normative research with a statutory approach, concept approach and case approach. The results of the study aim to provide a recommendation for strengthening the role of farmer participation in planning their lives and livelihoods so that there is no dependence on seeds originating from companies in accordance with the mandate of Article 28 A of the 1945 Constitution.

FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY IN PEATLANDS OF SOUTH SUMATRA

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the need for Indonesia to prepare for future food challenges. The government is focusing on developing underdeveloped areas, including peatlands, which have great potential for integrated farming systems. Bangsal is a village with peat swamp lands that serve as a source of food in OKI Regency, South Sumatera. During the dry season, the land is used for agriculture, while during the rainy season, it is used for fisheries. This paper analyzes (a) the village-based farming patterns in peatland areas, (b) the institutional framework of peatland farmer groups in Bangsal, and (c) the strategy for sustainable peatland utilization for food security. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The research showed that the role of the Ulak Kuto Mandiri effectively and efficiently increased community income and food self-sufficiency. Integrated farming systems, including swamp buffalo farming, swamp fish farming, and swamp agriculture, optimally and sustainably increased the potential of peatlands. Sustainable peatland utilization through integrated farming systems technically preserves the peatland ecosystem from land conversion, is economically feasible, increases the income of farmers, livestock breeders, and local cultural traditions, and empowers women in farming activities. It also reduces forest fire risks, chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, and increases peatland productivity.

Utilisation of green urban space for food sufficiency and the realisation of the sustainable development goals – UK stakeholders perspective

The exponential growth of food demand due to the increasing global population has the potential to seriously threaten the quality and quantity of food supplies due to climate change. This study explores the utilisation of green urban spaces for achieving food self-sufficiency by investigating the extent to which sustainable urban farms could be used to reduce the consumption of imported produce in the UK. It also examines urban farming stakeholders’ perspective on how food self-sufficiency can help realise the SDGs especially SDG 2 (Zero hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate action). The study adopts a mixed method approach through a survey with 115 respondents and semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 respondents from 4 different urban farming stakeholder groups. The findings of this study presented a strong correlation between stakeholders who had concerns about where their food came from and the carbon footprint of imported produce. The research shows that, urban farms will no doubt play a vital role in the future of food security in our cities/communities and that the SDGs could be realised through sustainable urban farms implemented within the relevant planning regulations/policies.