Food Self-sufficiency Research Articles

Pemberdayaan Lahan Sempit Bagi Masyarakat Perkotaan dalam Meningkatkan Minat Berwirausaha pada Subsektor Usaha Tani Perkotaan

Land management is the process of making and planning decisions, directing, organizing, and managing human, physical, financial, and information resources to achieve organizational goals in efficient and effective land management. Changes in land use in urban areas are increasing along with urban expansion and development. Trends in land use in metropolitan areas reflect economic and demographic expansion, as well as societal preferences as drivers of land use change. To achieve household food self-sufficiency and sustainable urban growth, urban areas need regulations to limit changes in land use. Agricultural techniques in urban environments are currently developing according to zone features and land availability. Vegetables, horticultural, ornamental, and medicinal plants are the only crops grown in the city. The purpose of this research is to show how limited urban space can be used for agriculture and family food self-sufficiency.

Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Technologies at Highlands of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Increment of human population with the depletion of natural resources is challenging agriculture-based economy of developing countries. Hence, it is mandatory to find possible solutions to feed the increasing population. Ethiopian government has a vision the motto of food self-sufficiency by wheat production. for surplus production breeders have released many bread wheat varieties for different agroecologies. Therefore, released variety must be extended to the end users. This activity was proposed to evaluate bread wheat varieties at highlands of Guji zone. Three districts were selected based their wheat production potential. Sinja, Wane and Sanate bread wheat varieties were demonstrated on 10mx10m of 21 farmers’ land. Training and mini field day was organized for bread wheat promotion in selected districts. Descriptive statistics and cost-benefit analysis were used to analysis the data. The result showed that highest yield of 28.71qt/ha was harvested from Sanate followed by Wane (26.29 qt/ha) and Sinja (23 qt/ha) varieties. Production of Sanate, Wane and Sinja in highlands of Guji zone could generate 55489 birr/ha, 61263 birr/ha and 49846 birr/ha, respectively. Regardless of higher yield of Sanate experimental farmers preferred Wane variety as its color attract the market demand. Farmers witnessed the higher yield, good return and acceptance of Wane variety. Hence, Wane variety should be disseminated in highlands of Guji zone through pre scaling up and large scale production.

Assessment of Food Security, Food Independence and Community Welfare in Food Insecure Areas

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect food security and its impact on the welfare and economic growth of Javanese society. This research method is correlation analysis with primary sources in the form of books and secondary sources in the form of articles and internet pages. This research is the result of a long-term correlation analysis as an effort to improve economic stability has an attachment between variables that affect the functions of Food Security, Food Independence, and Welfare which affect each other not enough with just one element standing alone. Food Security has a two tailed Pearson correlation that shows strong and positive results on food self-sufficiency and welfare. Food security, food self-sufficiency and welfare are very complex. The success of the program is also the shared responsibility of all components of the Nation and the Republic of Indonesia.

Management and application of specific location food crop technologies based on ecoregional dry land in central Sulawesi (A Review)

To achieve food self-sufficiency and food independence, government has been implementing some programs. Those programs generally face two basic problems, namely: 1. A high conversion of paddy fields in to industries and housing area which are in line with the growth of population. 2. Global climate change which causes more frequently of drought and floods in both dry and lowland farming. Dry land is very extensive in Central Sulawesi which can be used as a new source of food production to reach food self sufficiency, while it has not been optimally utilized yet. Thus, Central Sulawesi Province has potency to become a food buffer region in Indonesia by optimizing the utilization of dry land along with the application of specific location technologies. Some technologies which could be simultaneously applied in dry land are high-yield varieties selection, improving cropping patterns, rotation of varieties, modification of cropping systems, and specific location fertilization. This article will discuss or review the results of research that have been carried out in dryland management, the use of adaptive superior varieties, and planting patterns that can significantly increase land productivity and farmer income. So comprehensive planning is needed to improve and optimize the use of dry land. To speed up technology in certain locations, a collaboration between local governments, especially extension services, research institutions and universities is needed to encourage the production and productivity of food crops in dry lands.

Agronomic assessment of the yield variability and yield gap of maize in Bhutan

Maize is the staple food crop in Bhutan, which has not achieved national food self-sufficiency. On-farm assessment of yield variability would provide insights into the priorities for Bhutan's maize development program. Here, we conducted three studies in Bhutan: a household survey, on-station experiment, and on-farm monitoring. First, we interviewed 100 households and collected information on maize crop management options and farming characteristics. Second, we evaluated maize growth at two research stations in different elevation zones (640 and 1,700 ​m a.s.l.). Third, we harvested maize from 25 farm fields at low and high elevations. The gaps between potential yield (with the best management practices at the research stations) and average farm yield and between the best and average farm yields were 53% and 23%, respectively, at the low elevation, and 23% and 20%, respectively, at the high elevation. The classification and regression tree (CART) model showed that field location (distance from the farmer's home), seed source (certified vs. self-produced), and the number of household members involved in farming were the key farming characteristics that affected yield variability, and the manure application regime, urea application, sowing method, and weeding frequency were key management practices. Our results suggest that future research should clarify the most suitable sowing methods and nutrient and weed management regimes, and identify optimal cultivars for each elevation zone, with the goal of developing crop management guidelines for smallholder farmers in Bhutan.

Changing rice geographies: a long-term perspective of Portuguese regional production (1860-2018)

From its origins in Asia, cultivation of Oryza sativa L. in Portugal has had to adapt to local agroecological conditions. Since the late eighteenth century, there has been significant human intervention in rice production, particularly through public policies aimed at increasing production to achieve national food self-sufficiency. Using national and regional statistics on rice production, this article analyses how public policies on rice cultivation over the last 160 years have impacted and interacted with territorial agroecological conditions and the genetic characteristics of the rice varieties being cultivated. We concluded that public policies led to increased production by favouring the geographical reorganisation of rice production based on the rice varieties used and changing territorial agroecological conditions.

Assessing the Foodshed and Food Self-Sufficiency of the Pearl River Delta Megacity Region in China.

Food self-sufficiency has long been regarded as essential for understanding and managing urban and regional food systems; however, few studies have examined the food self-sufficiency of megacity regions within a comprehensive framework that distinguishes different types of agricultural land (i.e., arable land, horticultural landscapes, and waters). To fill these gaps, we took the Pearl River Delta as a case study and quantified the foodsheds of different types of agricultural land by calculating the land footprint of food consumption. On this basis, food self-sufficiency is defined as the ratio of available and required agricultural area for regional food demand. The results indicated that the self-sufficiency level provided by the arable land in the Pearl River Delta is low and cannot realize self-sufficiency at the regional and urban levels. The horticultural landscapes can provide self-sufficiency at the regional level, whereas the regions with water cannot, as their foodsheds extend over the boundary of the Pearl River Delta. For arable land, establishing a localized regional food system requires expanding the foodshed size. These findings provide evidence that megacity regions may face increasing difficulties in achieving self-sufficiency in the near future. This research can improve policymakers' understanding of the sustainability and resilience of regional food systems in megacity regions.

NeoHada: Adaptive Urban Building based on Solar-Piezoelectric and Rooftop Farming to Realize Resilient Cities in Preventing Floods and Food Crises

Urban development, driven by increasing population density, significantly impacts the physical environment, leading to issues such as flooding, food crises, and energy shortages. In response to these challenges, particularly in the context of urban flooding in Indonesia, the implementing team proposes the NeoHada solution. NeoHada is an adaptive design concept that integrates Solar-Piezoelectric technology and Rooftop Farming to create resilient and sustainable cities. This concept is based on three key principles: Climatic Architecture, Energetic Architecture, and Productive Architecture. The principle of Climatic Architecture is implemented through a Rain Harvesting System, where building rooftops serve as rainwater reservoirs to prevent flooding and provide an alternative water source. The Energetic Architecture principle combines solar panels and piezoelectric technology to generate independent electrical energy, alternating between rainy and dry seasons. The Productive Architecture principle emphasizes the development of rooftop farming as a means of achieving urban food self-sufficiency. The NeoHada solution is expected to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Climate Action. By integrating innovative technology and adaptive design, NeoHada aims to mitigate the negative impacts of urban growth and promote city resilience against various disaster and crisis scenarios. It is hoped that this solution will serve as a guide for the development of cities in Indonesia towards sustainable sustainability.

Assessing the Impact of Oil Price Volatility on Food Prices in Saudi Arabia: Insights From Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) Analysis

Abstract This research investigates the impact of oil price fluctuations on food prices in Saudi Arabia between 1979 and 2020 using Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) methodology. The study employs Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) tests to determine the integration order of the variables and Bounds testing to confirm the existence of long run cointegration relationships between each variable. The results indicate that oil shocks influence food prices through several mechanisms. Firstly, the cost of energy increases due to the rise in oil prices, affecting the agricultural commodity market, including farm equipment, food processing, packaging, and distribution costs. Secondly, the demand for agricultural commodities to produce biofuels affects food availability and thus food prices. Thirdly, as an oil-based economy, the oil price shock affects food prices through its impact on government spending, which affects aggregate demand and liquidity. Therefore, Saudi Arabia should adopt appropriate policies to mitigate the impact of oil price shocks on food prices, including investing in renewable energy sources, diversifying its economy, and improving food production and supply chain efficiency. Additionally, implementing appropriate fiscal policies to ensure sufficient budget allocation for food support programs is crucial. However, Investing in groundwater exploration can contribute significantly to the development of Saudi agriculture and to gradually achieving food self-sufficiency.

Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture: Problems of Planning Under Neoliberalism

This article examines the impacts of Zimbabwe’s Command Agriculture (CA) program, a state-driven cereal production model implemented since 2016. In the context of the neglect of cereal crops by African states generally under the accumulation strategies of international and domestic capital, and in the face of persisting neoliberal strategies led by international agencies such as the World Bank, the Zimbabwe experience continues to provide insights into the problems and prospects of planning under neoliberalism. In the case of CA, the Government of Zimbabwe intervened to bolster maize production, which had remained underfunded. The study shows a distinct correlation between national food self-sufficiency and, to some extent, economic stability and growth under state intervention and planning. This suggests that the CA program, as well as other planning initiatives, can stimulate economic growth and development if well managed. It illuminates how farmers were recruited and mobilized under CA and attempts to identify the weaknesses and challenges of the program. We posit that state planning in cereal production poses a threat to neoliberalism and the hierarchical international food system, and is an important step toward attaining national sovereignty.

Strategi Desain Integrasi Rumah Susun dan Fasilitas Pertanian Perkotaan berbasis Self-sufficiency

<p><em>This paper focuses on the implementation of the concept of self-sufficiency in energy and food into residential buildings by adding agricultural facilities. There is still no specific literature on the application of self-sufficiency in residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities. Current literature. The current literature discusses self-suffiency in general, or the application of one aspect of self-suffiency in buildings, such as energy. In addition, the scale of discussion on large-scale self-sufficiency and not specific to residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities Therefore, this article can be one of the literature that discusses self-sufficiency specifically in residential buildings with urban agricultural facilities and on a microscale. Using theories from Mahdi, Magdalenna and Suharyanto , we formulate how to apply the self-sufficiency concept to the residential building by calculating the food and energy needed by the residents and how to achieve it. This project is a model of how to achieve self-sufficiency in residential buildings</em></p>

Criminal Aspects of Plant Cultivation

Plant cultivation is a very important means of production in realising food self-sufficiency for farmers, considering that cultivating plants is the life and livelihood of farmers. Therefore, it is a wrong action when the government draws up a plan for plant cultivation without involving farmers. The purpose of this research is to examine the extent of the government's role in strengthening food sovereignty through the implementation of the Plant Cultivation System Law, because the Law does not appear to provide for the rights of farmers. The existence of several cases where farmers are brought to trial for criminal provisions of plant cultivation shows that legal protection has not been carried out on the rights of farmers in maintaining local seeds and conducting plant crosses as charged in court, namely having carried out programs that are contrary to government programs that require the use of certified seeds or seeds produced by seed companies. This research is important to do in order to provide protection to novice farmers in cultivating plants to create a just legal framework. The research method uses normative research with a statutory approach, concept approach and case approach. The results of the study aim to provide a recommendation for strengthening the role of farmer participation in planning their lives and livelihoods so that there is no dependence on seeds originating from companies in accordance with the mandate of Article 28 A of the 1945 Constitution.

FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY IN PEATLANDS OF SOUTH SUMATRA

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the need for Indonesia to prepare for future food challenges. The government is focusing on developing underdeveloped areas, including peatlands, which have great potential for integrated farming systems. Bangsal is a village with peat swamp lands that serve as a source of food in OKI Regency, South Sumatera. During the dry season, the land is used for agriculture, while during the rainy season, it is used for fisheries. This paper analyzes (a) the village-based farming patterns in peatland areas, (b) the institutional framework of peatland farmer groups in Bangsal, and (c) the strategy for sustainable peatland utilization for food security. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The research showed that the role of the Ulak Kuto Mandiri effectively and efficiently increased community income and food self-sufficiency. Integrated farming systems, including swamp buffalo farming, swamp fish farming, and swamp agriculture, optimally and sustainably increased the potential of peatlands. Sustainable peatland utilization through integrated farming systems technically preserves the peatland ecosystem from land conversion, is economically feasible, increases the income of farmers, livestock breeders, and local cultural traditions, and empowers women in farming activities. It also reduces forest fire risks, chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, and increases peatland productivity.

Utilisation of green urban space for food sufficiency and the realisation of the sustainable development goals – UK stakeholders perspective

The exponential growth of food demand due to the increasing global population has the potential to seriously threaten the quality and quantity of food supplies due to climate change. This study explores the utilisation of green urban spaces for achieving food self-sufficiency by investigating the extent to which sustainable urban farms could be used to reduce the consumption of imported produce in the UK. It also examines urban farming stakeholders’ perspective on how food self-sufficiency can help realise the SDGs especially SDG 2 (Zero hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate action). The study adopts a mixed method approach through a survey with 115 respondents and semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 respondents from 4 different urban farming stakeholder groups. The findings of this study presented a strong correlation between stakeholders who had concerns about where their food came from and the carbon footprint of imported produce. The research shows that, urban farms will no doubt play a vital role in the future of food security in our cities/communities and that the SDGs could be realised through sustainable urban farms implemented within the relevant planning regulations/policies.

: Effectiveness Of Information And Communication Technology In Hill Agriculture: A Case Study

For all round development of agriculture, the communication process deserves its significant role as in case of social, economic, religious, political and educational development. Farming is an ancient occupation. If the farming may be recognized only as a factory of producing the food grains there is no difference between the ancient time and modern time farming. According to the economics, for other productions there are needed factors as land, labour, money and management which are still in the present and were in the past also. Now, what is the modern farming? The modern farming is that in which the person adopts the latest new methods of farming based on science for the agricultural production. Thus for the modern agriculture there is need of one more factor and this factor is the latest knowledge. Thus, in the modern agriculture for the agricultural production along with the four factors one more factor of the latest knowledge (fifth) has been added. The question arises from where this new knowledge may be achieved? The first need is that to create the new knowledge and the second need is to send this latest knowledge to the farmers. More than three-fourths of total population of Uttarakhand depends on agriculture for their livelihood. The economy is predominantly dependent on mountain agriculture, however, the land holdings are small and fragmented, and irrigation facilities limited. Soil and water conservation is another issue for inclusive development. As a result, the majority of the rural population in the hills either survives on subsistence agriculture or migrates to other parts of the country for employment. The state faces the challenge of promoting livelihoods to retain people through local employment and income generation and to enhance their quality of life. The success of agricultural development programmes in developing countries largely depends on the nature and extent of use of communication media in mobilization of people for development. The planners in developing countries realize that the development of agriculture could be hastened with the effective use of communication media. A wide variety of communication technologies are available for diffusion of innovations / information to Indian farmers. For effective communication / information the basic ingredients are purpose of communication, information / innovations to be communicated, methods to be employed, end users and response or reaction of the users. ICTs are emerging as a powerful tool for gender empowerment in a developing country like India. The new tools and techniques are evolving and the implications are clearly visible in a global scale but the level of dissemination of ICT in hills is very low. No doubt, communication media created a greater awareness among farmers thus contributing a lot to our “food self-sufficiency status” of nowadays. In the present investigation the status and usage of communication media by hill farmers and the kind of communication media to enhance their agricultural knowledge were incorporated. Communication media methods in agricultural information dissemination generally, are useful in reaching a wide listeners at a very fast rate. To a large extent, communication media serve as a authentic instrument for information dissemination in agriculture.

The state and prospects of development of the agricultural sector through the prism of entrepreneurship

The agricultural sector is an essential strategic branch of Ukraine's national economy and guarantees our country's food security and self-sufficiency. The modern agro-industrial complex is an essential sector of Ukraine's economy. The agricultural sector forms food security, realizes economic, ecological, and energy security within certain limits, guarantees the development of technologically related branches of the national economy, and creates socio-economic conditions for developing rural areas. The article describes the current state of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex and its development features. The significance of agriculture for the national economy is determined. Trends in the development of rural areas, employment, and unemployment, and the influence of internal and external factors on these processes are analyzed. The problems of material and technical, investment, and financial support of the agro-industrial complex have been identified. It is shown that the decline of the agro-industrial complex affects the processing industry. The prerequisites for developing Ukraine's agrarian sector in the conditions of market formation and ways of solving strategic issues of ensuring national food security and competitiveness of the agro-food complex on domestic and foreign markets are highlighted. It is proposed to continue improving the mechanisms of co-financing of key economic measures and programs aimed at the development of agriculture, considering the solution of the national tasks of creating a single economic space and equalizing the living conditions of the rural population. One of the strategic directions for developing the agro-industrial complex should be state support for farmers. The agricultural sector has the potential to double the production of agricultural products. A prerequisite for the effective development of the agro-industrial complex is ensuring adaptation to changes in the external environment, which is possible only based on a strategic approach to managing the agro-industrial complex. Keywords: agriculture, market, potential, management, agro-industrial complex, agro-industrial cluster, agro-industrial integration.

Evaluation of Forestry Component Survival in Plots of the Program “Sembrando Vida” (Sowing Life) Using Drones

Reforestation is one of the main actions undertaken to mitigate the effects of climate change. In Mexico, the Federal Government program “Sembrando Vida” (Sowing Life) is currently the most important reforestation effort. It aims to recoup forest cover and achieve food self-sufficiency through the establishment of agroforestry systems. The evaluation of tree survival in reforested areas helps to identify achievements and failures, as well as aspects of the program that require improvement. However, given the magnitude of this program, evaluation using traditional methodologies is labor-intensive and costly. In this context, drones equipped with high-resolution cameras are a promising tool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using drones to monitor tree survival in reforested areas. This study was conducted in 12 randomly chosen plots, benefited by the “Sembrando Vida” program, located on the Purépecha Plateau in the state of Michoacán, in central–western Mexico. Field surveys with GPS were conducted to record the total number of live and dead forest-tree seedlings. Simultaneously, high-resolution images were captured using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone equipped with an RGB camera for subsequent visual interpretation in a geographic information system to determine the status of each seedling and calculate the rates of survival. ANOVA was performed to compare the survival calculated using the drone images compared to that recorded in the field. No significant difference was found between survival estimated using the drone and that recorded directly in the field in any of the study plots, although the drone overestimated survival by an average of 6%, mostly due to the presence of dead seedlings that had already lost their foliage and were thus missed when scoring the RGB image. It is therefore concluded that the estimation of survival using drones is a reliable method. For future research, it is recommended to evaluate machine-learning algorithms in terms of detecting both living and dead trees in reforested sites. It is also recommended to use multispectral thermal cameras and LiDAR technology to broaden the knowledge of the different levels of vigor/stress present in the vegetation.

Beyond food: A stochastic model to estimate the contributions of urban agriculture to sustainability

In the first decades of the 21st century, urban agriculture has gained attention for its role in enhancing food security, particularly in developing nations. Additionally, it is commonly assumed that urban agriculture also has positive implications for other aspects of urban sustainability, such as mitigating runoff and creating job opportunities. However, the extent of these contributions has not been extensively quantified. This study aims to address this gap by presenting a stochastic model that quantifies the contributions of urban agriculture to urban sustainability, using Sant Feliu de Llobregat, a Mediterranean city, as a case study. We assessed eight indicators, including accessibility to green areas, food self-reliance, green surface area per capita, job creation, NO2 sequestration, runoff mitigation, urban heat island effect, and volunteer participation. These indicators were estimated across twelve different simulated scenarios using 1000 Monte Carlo simulations for each scenario, to account for uncertainties. The findings revealed that the contributions of urban agriculture are not straightforward, as they are influenced by factors such as garden typology and location. Although urban agriculture typically originates as a grassroots movement, it often receives administrative support. Therefore, strategic planning can be employed to maximize the contributions of urban agriculture to urban sustainability and minimize trade-offs between social and environmental benefits.

Effects of government policies reform on environmental sustainability: An integrated approach of PMP and system dynamics simulation model

The government's supportive policies in the agricultural sector may provide some goals intended by policymakers; however, they may have environmental, social, and sometimes economic inefficiencies. Therefore, policy analysis not only needs to examine the effectiveness of these policies from the point of view of economic components but also, in a more comprehensive view, should assess the impact of these policies on other aspects like sustainability. In this study, an integrated Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) and System Dynamics (SD) model was developed to investigate the effects of the agricultural policy reform on the cultivation pattern and water resources sustainability in the Doroodzan Dam basin in Fars Province, southern Iran, where managing water resources is a seriously challenging due to population growth and periodic drought. The initial investigation involved analyzing how price policies (guaranteed price and world price of crops) and non-price policies (removal of subsidy payments to agricultural inputs and improvement of irrigation efficiency) impacted the cropping pattern. The results of the study showed that the most significant decrease in cropland area occurs due to the removal of agricultural input subsidies. Although this crop pattern can lead to environmental sustainability, it is not considered from the point of view of food self-sufficiency. Based on the results, applying world prices increase cropping area for crops like rice, which is a water-intensive crop. Another point was the high priority of onions, fodder corn, and beans while they are not subjected to governmental pricing intervention. This may indicate the extent of public policies' impact on agriculture. Although under some policy scenarios changes in the gross margin or cropping area do not sound significant, the water-saving nature of these policies is more compelling. Finally, the impact of altering cropping patterns along with climate change and population growth on water indices was assessed using SD modeling. Thus, reforming the government's policies in the agricultural sector may help reduce the water shortage index in the basin. The policy of removing subsidies for the agricultural inputs led to the attainment of the lowest water shortage index.

Households of the Population in the Structure of the Agrarian Economy and the Improvement of their State Support

Economic growth in agriculture in the last 20 years has been accompanied by a decrease in the share of households in the gross production of basic products. However, these farms are still important for the food self-sufficiency of Russian families and the preservation of rural areas in a habitable state. Based on the data of current statistics and agricultural censuses of 2016 and 2021, the article analyzes the role of households in the production of the main types of crop and livestock products both in the country as a whole and in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that despite the general decline in the potential of households of the population, in a number of regions it is these farms that determine the trend of agricultural development. Special attention is paid to the assessment of state support for personal subsidiary farms and non-profit (horticultural, horticultural) associations of citizens, the main directions of its improvement are proposed. In particular, it is pointed out the need to stimulate the transition of high-commodity households to farms.