Food Security Of Farming Households Research Articles

Effects of Fairtrade on farm household food security and living standards: Insights from Côte d’Ivoire

Fairtrade certification has recently gained in importance for various export crops produced in developing countries. One of Fairtrade's main objectives is to improve the social conditions of smallholder farmers. Previous research showed that Fairtrade has positive effects on farmers' sales prices and incomes in many situations. However, more detailed analysis of the effects on food security and other dimensions of household living standard is rare. Here, we use data from a survey of cocoa farmers in Côte d’Ivoire to analyze how Fairtrade certification affects aggregate household consumption expenditures and the consumption of specific types of consumer goods and services. We also differentiate between poor and non-poor households. Regression models with instrumental variables suggest that Fairtrade increases aggregate consumption expenditures by 9% on average. For poor households, the effect is even larger (14%). These effects are driven by increases in non-food expenditures. We do not find significant effects on food consumption and dietary diversity. In poor households, Fairtrade primarily increases spending on other basic needs such as housing and clothing, whereas in non-poor households positive effects on education and transportation expenditures are found. We conclude that Fairtrade improves farm household living standards, but not food security.

Women’s access to and control over land and the food security of farming households in rural Benin

Ce papier évalue l’impact de l’accès des femmes à la terre et de leur contrôle sur les scores de consommation et de diversité alimentaire des ménages, en utilisant l’échantillon rural des données de l’enquête sur l’analyse globale de la vulnérabilité et de la sécurité alimentaire réalisée en 2013 au Bénin. Le score de consommation alimentaire des ménages est positivement et significativement lié à l’accès des femmes à la terre et à son contrôle. Les ménages agricoles dans lesquels elles ont accès à la terre et la contrôlent ont en moyenne un score de consommation alimentaire supérieur de 15,75 par rapport à leurs homologues.

EFFECTS OF SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT ON FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined effects of savings and investment on food security status of farm households in Agaie and Katcha local government areas of Niger State, Nigeria. A total of 120 respondents were used for the study and data collected through interview and questionnaire process. Descriptive statistics, food security index, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used to analyze the data. The results revealed the mean age, household size, and farming experience were 38 years, 7 members and 19 years, respectively. Results of the savings and investment pattern revealed that the farmers saved the money in form of cash in the Bank, rotational savings, daily contribution savings and cooperative societies with mean savings of N279,500. The farmers also invested in buying of produce, livestock, contract farming, trading and agricultural processing with mean amount of N231,250. Result of the food security status revealed that 53% of the farm households were food secured while 47% were food insecure. The OLS regression analysis revealed that savings, investment, educational level, farming experience, farm size, membership of association and credit increased food security of farm households. In the contrary, age and household size decreased food security of the farm households in the study area. Result of the EFA revealed that constraints to savings and investment were personal status, administrative and production challenges. It was therefore recommended that farmers be encourage to form savings societies so as to pool their resources together to enable them boost their production and investment capacity and invariably increase their savings. Government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should help improve farm household’s access to free education as it increases food security. Farmers should be encouraged to insure their businesses so as to cover their losses due to risks.

Empirical Analysis of Farmers Household Food Security Levels in Salatiga, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the conditions of farm household food security levels and analyze the magnitude of the influence of factors such as farmer income, farmer education, farmer age, and number of family members on the level of food security of farm households in Sidorejo District, Salatiga City. This study uses data taken by survey methods and interviews with farmers as respondents. The number of samples used was 90 respondents, taken using the simple random sampling method in Pulutan Village, Kauman Kidul Village, and Blangkas Village as the areas where surveys and interviews were conducted with the largest number of farmer households registered in the Farmer Members Group in Sidorejo District. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, and the use of a proportion of food expenditure as an indicator for the level of food security of farm households. The analysis showed that statistically the factors of farmer income, farmer education, and the number of family members of the farmer had a significant effect on the level of food security of the household of the farmer, while the age factor of the farmer had no significant effect. Many as 55.56% of households have a proportion of food expenditure ≥ 60% or food insecurity. The rest, as much as 44.44% of households have food expenditure <60% or food security. Based on these results, the advice given is to increase farmers’ incomes by providing skills and training, as well as dissemination of policies on Sustainable Food Home Areas (KRPL).

Interplay of Climate Variability, Land Use Change, Crop Yield and Farm Households Food Security in Offin River Basin, Ghana

Climate variability and adapted land use systems have altered climate systems. Their impact on agro-ecosystems adversely affects crop yield, food security and livelihoods of farm households. This paper examines the coupled effects of climate variability and land use change on crop yield and food security among farm households in the Offin River Basin. The study used remote sensing, geographic information systems, time series climate and crop yield data and farm household survey in examining the impacts of climate variability and land use change on crop yield and farm household food security. Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) were used to assess land use and land cover change and agricultural drought conditions in the area. Spline interpolation techniques and Spearmans’ rank correlation were employed to assess the trend and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperatures in the basin. Multiple linear regression model (MLRM) and Pearson correlation were used to assess the effect of rainfall and temperature on major food crop yields. Household Food Balance Model (HFBM) was used to measure food security status at farm household level. The results revealed that climate variability coupled with adapted land use systems in Offin River basin have contributed to massive deforestation, accelerated soil degradation and recurrent agricultural droughts resulting in the loss of productive farmlands and low food crop yields. Household food balance model (HFBM) analysis revealed that 60.8% of the farm households in the basin could not meet the minimum recommended energy level of 2900 kilo calories intake per person per day while 39.2% of farm households were food secured subsisting on more than recommended kilo calories per person per day. Utilization of inland valleys, food crop management practices, soil and water conservation and management technologies, mixed cropping systems and crop diversification were found to have contributed positively and significantly to farm household food security. It is recommended that Government agencies such as MoFA, GASIP and existing Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should increase investment in soil and water conservation strategies (SWCS) and inland valleys food production systems to enhance food production and food security systems among farm households.

Impact of covid-19 on household food security of red rice farmers dry land in gunungkidul regency

Red rice is a staple food and is known as germplasm in Gunungkidul Regency. Panggang District is one of the sub-districts that has low productivity in red rice farming. This study aims to determine the contribution of income, food security, and household welfare levels of dry land red rice farmers before Covid-19 and during Covid-19. This research was conducted in Panggang District which was determined purposively. The number of samples taken using the Slovin formula and obtained 100 respondents for sampling using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using quantitative analysis in the form of farmer household income analysis, contribution analysis, food security analysis, and welfare analysis. The results showed that there was an impact during Covid-19 on the contribution of farmers' income which decreased. The level of food security of farmer households also has an impact, during Covid-19 the number of households in the food insecure category has increased. The level of welfare of farmer households measured using two indicators, namely the Purchasing Power of Farmers' Households and the Income Exchange Rate of the Perani Household showed the same results, namely the impact during Covid-19 was seen by the increase in households with the category of not being prosperous.

Rice Fish-Farming System (RFFS) Contribution To The Income And Food Security Of Farm Households

Rice Fish-Farming System (RFFS) Contribution To The Income And Food Security Of Farm Households

Determinants of adoption of multiple sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Nigeria

Despite the important roles of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs) in improving productivity, welfare, and food security of farming households, the adoption rates of SAPs have been perceived to be generally low, especially in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data collected from the 2015 Nigeria General Household Survey, this study examines the factors influencing the adoption of multiple SAPs, while also considering the drivers of the intensity of adoption of these practices. The methods of data analysis are based on the Multivariate probit and the Ordered probit models. The SAPs considered include improved seeds, inorganic fertilizer, mixed-cropping techniques, and organic manure. The empirical results show that farmers’ adoption of different SAPs and their intensity of use depend significantly on factors such as the age of household head, gender, education, household size, access to extension services, and household wealth status. Our findings imply that policymakers and agricultural development agencies should seek to maintain or increase household asset bases, and encourage both formal and informal training programme among farming households to facilitate the adoption of SAPs.

Food Security Level of Farmer Households in Rice Field Agroecosystem

Food security at the household level essentially shows the ability of households to meet the food adequacy. This ability is influenced by complex factors but generally related to socio-economic aspects, food production behavior, consumption and allocation of household resources. The objectives of the research are 1) to identify the social and economic characteristics, 2) to identify the food consumption pattern, and 3) to analyze the level of household food security based on the quality of food consumption. This research was conducted in Lanrisang Sub-district, Pinrang District, South Sulawesi Province. This research is a depth survey research in 50 farm households in rice field agroecosystem that were chosen through simple random sampling. The analysis method was descriptive analysis, farm activities analysis and food consumption quality. The results showed that the description of socio-economic conditions of farmer household is 60% low educated, 58% had < 7 years of working experience on farm, 52% have ⩾ 3 family members, 74% with the income of ⩾ IDR 1,800,000, 86% of household expenditure on food, and only 9 people (18%) have alternative job. The level of household food security of farmers in rice field agroecosystem is categorized as “food insecure.”

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE LEVEL OF FOOD SECURITY OF RICE PARMERS HOUSEHOLDS IN PATOKBEUSI DISTRICT SUBANG REGENCY WEST JAVA

Food is a basic human need that adequacy is a top priority. Stability in a country will be good when food for people assured. Therefore, food security becomes important things. Food security at the household level is the important thing because food security begins with the smallest level. In this case, the household food security of farmers is also interesting to note because they are a food producer. Patokbeusi District, Subang Regency is one of the potential rice producers, but the dynamics of land tenure affect the food security of farm households. This study aims to determine the major rice production which influence the level of household food security of farmers and socio-economic factors that influence it. The research method used is a survey technique using primary and secondary data. The sampling method uses stratified random sampling with 97 respondents consisting of rice farmers. The analysis technique uses logistic regression and descriptive techniques. The results from this study as follow: characteristics of farmers are farmers with medium land, with a level of high school education, aged over 40 years, and production average 6.6 tonnes ha/year. Rice farmers in Patokbeusi classified as food secure with indicators of accessibility, continuity, stability, and quality of food. While, the socio-economi factors that influence the rate of household food security is the level of education of farmers and the amount of expenditure to food.

Food Security of Farmer Households in The Papua Border Region In The Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Ordinal Logit Regression Model

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the food security of farmer households in the Papua border region. Twelve factors used in this study are maternal education, number of family members, price of rice, price of sweet potatoes, prices of cooking oil, prices of instant noodles, income, area of arable land, distance of buying food, share of food expenditure, reception of the rice for poor families (raskin), and farmer status (either local or transmigrant). This research uses primary data from direct interviews by asking a list of questions to farmer households in Jayapura City and Keerom District. The samples are randomly selected, and the total respondents are 160 farmer households, then the data analyzed by Ordinal Logit Regression. The results show that most of the household farmers classified as the food secure condition. Partially the number of family members, cultivated land area, the share of food expenditure and the price of sweet potato/cassava have a significant effect the probability of the occurrence of food security for farmer households significant at the 5% level of error, while dummy raskin significant at an error rate of 10%. The cultivated land area and dummy raskin have a positive effect on the food security of farmer households, while the number of family members, the price of sweet potato/cassava, and the share of food expenditure have a negative effect on farm household food security.

Participatory agroecological research on climate change adaptation improves smallholder farmer household food security and dietary diversity in Malawi

This study examines whether agroecological farming practices, when employed by highly vulnerable households in sub-Saharan Africa, can improve food security and dietary diversity. The research involved a four-year study with 425 smallholder households, selected purposively based on high levels of food insecurity and/or positive HIV status. The households carried out agroecological experiments of their own choosing over a four-year period. Baseline (n = 306) and follow-up (n = 352) surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2013 respectively to assess changes in farming practices, food security, crop diversity and dietary diversity. Longitudinal mixed effects models were used with 203 matched households to estimate determinants of change in food security and dietary diversity at the population level. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were also conducted to provide depth to the survey findings. The findings show that participatory agroecology experimentation increased intercropping, legume diversification and the addition of compost, manure and crop residue amendments to the soil. Intercropping was associated with food security and the use of organic soil amendments was associated with gains in dietary diversity in bivariate analysis. Household food security and dietary diversity increased significantly over a 2-year period. Importantly, multivariate models showed that spousal discussion about farming was strongly associated with increased household food security and dietary diversity. Households who discussed farming with their spouse were 2.4 times more likely to be food secure and have diverse diets. Addition of compost or manure to the soil significantly influenced dietary diversity. These findings indicate that poor, vulnerable farmers can use agroecological methods to effectively improve food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa. The study also highlights how linking agroecology to participatory research approaches that promote farmer experimentation and gender equity also lead to greater health and well-being. The study sheds light on how agroecological approaches can rapidly improve food security and dietary diversity, even under conditions of acute social, health or ecological stress. It draws attention to issues of equity and farmer-led approaches in addressing food security and nutrition.

Analysis of maize biomass use in Ethiopia and its implications for food security and the bioeconomy

Using Ethiopia’s maize production as a case study, this paper examines the uses of maize biomass as a bioeconomy crop, and its implications and challenges for household food security. In the context of this study, bioeconomy refers to the production and utilization of biological resources or biomass to provide products, processes and services. The study followed a mixed methods approach that involved a household survey covering 322 randomly selected farmers, key informant interviews and focus group discussions in Ethiopia. We examined the implication of intensity of biomass use on farm household food security using an endogenous switching regression model. The study found multiple areas of use of maize biomass, although many of them were underdeveloped and underutilized. Model results further showed a positive and significant effect of diversification of use of biomass on the food security of farm households. Raising the quantity of maize biomass is important to enhance farm household food security as it allows farm households to increase the amount of biomass allocated for individual use and also to use it for diverse purposes. Yet, a broad set of factors including lack of market access, limited information and extension support on the uses of biomass, and a lack of biomass value-adding technologies have restricted the full potential of biomass utilization. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of provision of these factors in order to unlock the potential of biomass for food security and advance the development of the bioeconomy.

Food Security of Farm Households in Indonesia’s Border Area, Sebatik Island

Food is one of the main parts of Indonesian national interests which can determine national stability and sovereignty. Furthermore, every nation has to ensure that all of its citizens can fulfill their daily diet. Many people living in Indonesia’s border areas face challenges in fulfilling food demand, i.e. accessibility and high cost of farming. This study aimed; (1) to know food security level of farm households, (2) to know determinants of that food security level. This study was conducted in Sebatik Island, North Borneo Province, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was employed to define location of this study, while multi stage simple random sampling was used to define a sample of 81 farmer households who are living and cultivating in Sebatik Island. Data were collected with structured questionnaire. Food security level was identified by combining the amount of food consumption and share of food expenditure as the Johnson and Toole approach. Moreover, Logistic model was employed to define determinants of food security level. The result revealed that only 18.95% of farm households were ‘food secure’. Meanwhile, 24.21% and 21.05% of farm households were categorized as ‘vulnerable’ and ‘food insecure’; respectively. Other 35.79% of farm households were known as ‘questionable’ which were lack of food, but they have the ability to increase food consumption. Other result identified that size of household, consumed calorie, and non-food expenditure determined food security level of those farm households. It was recommended that controlling population growth, increasing access of food, and raising household income may improve food security level of farm households.

Impacts of Sugarcane Farmland Expansion towards Food Security among Sugarcane-farming Households in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

This study aimed to examine the impacts of sugarcane farmland expansion towards food security among the sugarcane-farming households in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. A quantitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. The population of the study consisted of 3,332 sugarcane-farming households in Khon Kaen Province, who were associated with the Association of Sugarcane Farmers in the central-northeastern region during the production year of 2012/13. An interview schedule was implemented for data collection in order to collect data from the 357 sample households. Data was analyzed by the proportion of households who cultivated both sugarcane and rice. Four groups of sugarcane farming households were identified, including households where the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. The research results indicated that the impact of expanding the cultivated area on the food security of farming households in Khon Kaen province could be seen at different levels, depending on the proportion of the area for cultivation of sugarcane to rice. The sugarcane-farming households with the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation of 25:75 had the highest food security and the sugarcane-farming households with the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation of 100:0 had the lowest food security. The study results suggested that the relevant agencies should support adequate food production in order to meet consumption requirements within the households. Promoting agricultural areas and resource management in farmland are considered to be necessary to enhance the food security of sugarcane farmers.

Determinants of Household Food Security of Small Scale Farmers in Gedarif and Rahad Localities "High Agriculture Production Area" of Eastern Sudan

The study aims to assess the determinants of small scale farmer household food security among Gedarif and Rahad localities from eastern Sudan. Data used relies heavily on the results of sample survey of 336 households in 8 villages collected during 2014. Analytical techniques employed included descriptive statistics, and multinomial regression model. The study has shown that, land, credit access; and technology using in agriculture are most factors determining household food security in the study area. In the light of the findings from the study, it is recommended that policy makers should increase effort to make micro-credit accessible to rural farmers targeting agriculture and livestock sector to create more income and food diversification, therefore using technology, extension, and training.

The influence of ihsan attitude and economic condition to farmer household food security

Ihsan attitude is one unique attitude that was owned by farmers in Bangkalan Madura, Indonesia. This study was focused to examining the relationship of ihsan attitude and economic condition on household food security of farmers in Bangkalan. The ihsan attitude will be one a new view regarding to the human resource perspective in agribusiness. For that this study was aimed to analyse the influence and the effect of that attitude to food security of farmer household. Data were collected from 360 respondents, followed with descriptive analysis. The social ecological model was the basis concept in this study, moreover its also used to test the three variables. In this study, a structural equation model tools call WarpPLS was employed. Results from this study would be provide ihsan attitude picture to economic conditions on household food security of farmers indicated, that would be important for formulation of the farmer empowerment policy in the future.

Analysis of Relationship Cost with Household Food Security of Farmers in Padang City

This study aims to (1) determine the proportion of food cost to total household expenditure of farmers in Padang according to income groups, (2) determine the level of consumption of food (energy and protein) household farmers in Padang based on income level and (3) analyze conditions of household food security of farmers in Padang according to the income group. This research using survey method, whereas the data used includes primary and secondary data. Secondary data was obtained from the results of publications and information related to food security, while primary data was obtained through direct interviews with household members of farmers. The number of research samples was 60 households. Data analysis was done by disaggregation of household groups into low, medium and high groupings.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KETAHANAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI (Studi Kasus: Desa Sei Buluh Kec. Teluk Mengkudu Kab. Serdang Bedagai)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;One of the aim national development is the improvement of food security where Sei Buluh village, Teluk Mengkudu district North Sumatra recommended as Agro Technopark area based on food crops. The aim of this study was to determine factors that affected the income and food security of farm households. The method used Two Stage Linear regression Square (2SLS). The results show that factors that affected farm income were the price of seed and land, meanwhile, factors that affected the share of food expenditure in the price of chicken, instant noodles prices, and farm income.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

KARAKTERISTIK TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI BERBASIS AGROEKOSISTEM LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI DI PROVINSI BALI

Household food security level essentially is the ability of households meet food sufficiency. These capabilities are greatly influenced by many complex factors, but generally associated with changes in behavioral aspects of food production, consumption and allocation of households resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of household food security based on low land rice irrigated. The study was conducted in three districts of rice production center in the province of Bali in 2012, i.e. Tabanan district, Gianyar and Buleleng. Data collection was conducted through interviews with 216 respondents. Household food security was measured by cross classification of the share of food expenditure and consumption of energy. The results of the analysis showed 58.33 % of households have a lower share of food expenditure and 41.67% household have higher share of food expenditure. In aggregate 86.57% of farm households is quite in consuming energy and 13.43% is less in energy consume. The level of household food security of farmers in the aggregate 49.07% of the household were categorized as secure, 37.9% as vulnerable, 8.79% as insufficient, and 4.17% as insecure. There is a correlation between the level of household food security with age of housewife, level of education, farm size and household income.