Food Security Of Farming Households Research Articles

Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Food Security of Farm Households in Rural Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia

Background: The impact of climate change on smallholder farmers in underdeveloped countries—specifically, Ethiopia is widely recognized. Farm households employ a range of geographically and temporally varying adaptation strategies to cope with the adverse consequences of climate change. Therefore, it is critical to examine the few empirical studies that examine how rural Ethiopian farm households confronting drought have responded to climate change to ensure food security. Primary data were collected from 385 randomly selected farm households using a semi-structured survey form. Data analysis was performed using endogenous switching regression models and descriptive statistics. Result: Results show that the majority of the sample households (76.7%) adopted climate change adaptation strategies (livelihood diversification, soil and water conservation, and chemical fertilizers separately or in combination) while the remaining 23.3% are non-adopters. Climate change knowledge is validated as an instrumental variable. Model results revealed that adopter farmers would have significantly lower (11.6%) daily calorie intake if they had not adopted them, and non-adopter farmers would have gained significantly higher (12.8%) daily calorie intake if they had adopted them. Sex, marital status, land fragmentation, education, family size, farm size, credit access, extension contacts, and livestock ownership are significantly associated with the likelihood of adoption. Results also show systematic differences where the sex of the head variable is inversely related to the food security of adopters and vice versa for non-adopters. Conclusion: The majority of farm households in the study area know the implications of climate change (73.5%) and suffer from food insecurity (59%). Farmers' knowledge about climate change and variability varies, affecting social, economic, biophysical, and institutional issues. This was shown using descriptive statistics and OLM data. Farm households led by young, male farmers who are married, frequently interact with extension agents, have access to loans and information about climate change, and have non-fragmented plots possess greater knowledge about climate change than other households. Adaptation interventions should consider the above factors and heterogeneities to increase adoption and improve the food security of farm households in the study area.

Does organic farming jeopardize food security of farm households in Benin?

The prevalence of organic farming and other sustainability standards is increasing around the globe. While effects of organic farming on productivity, income, and poverty alleviation have been analyzed in numerous empirical studies, its effects on food security are barely understood. Using data from smallholder cotton farmers in Benin, we aim to empirically investigate how adopting organic farming affects their food security. According to our results, organic farming is conditionally associated with a notably lower experienced food security and a slightly lower dietary diversity and consumption of vitamin A-rich foods. Evaluating pathways, we find that the negative conditional association between organic farming and food security is a result of a lower household income of organic farms due to lower income from cotton farming given a smaller land area cultivated with cotton, while a larger land area cultivated with food crops cannot fully compensate for the reduced income from cotton farming. This alarming result illustrates the need for evaluating and eventually improving programs for organic farming in developing countries to ensure that good intentions for more sustainable production practices do not jeopardize the livelihoods of vulnerable smallholder farmers.

Adoption Analysis of BADC Produced <i>Boro</i> Rice Seed and Its Impact on Farm Household Food Security in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to look into the factors that influence adoption of BADC produce <i>Boro</i> rice seed and its impact on farm household food security in Bangladesh. The endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) and the propensity score matching (PSM) method were employed to identify the factors that influence adoption of BADC <i>Boro</i> rice seed and assessed its adoption impact on farm household food security. The analysis revealed that age, farm size, rice area, farm income, extension service, livestock ownership and government assistance had significant influence on adoption of BADC <i>Boro</i> rice seed. The estimated results show that education, farm size, earning members, farm income had positive and significant influence in attaining food security status of both adopters and non-adopters farm household. The estimated coefficient of correlation between the adoption equation and the food security equation of adopters was positive and significant. The study confirms that BADC produce <i>Boro</i> rice seed adoption had positive and significant impact on farm household food security of Bangladesh. The study recommended that BADC should implement appropriate policies to increase <i>Boro</i> rice seed production and enhance its adoption level through extension service so that food security situation improve in Bangladesh.

Gender role analysis in achieving farmer household food security in Jember District

Food security is a global issue that has received serious attention from various countries, including Indonesia. Indonesia still has problems related to gender inequality, which is a separate cause of food insecurity. This study aimed to analyze the mapping related to the food security of Jember farmers and its relation to household decision-making and the division of tasks related to food management in farming households. The study used a survey method by taking 251 samples of farming families from the working area of the Health Center in the Jember District. This study was conducted from May to July 2023. Data were collected using questionnaires and supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews. Bivariate data analysis was performed using Spearman’s rho test. The results showed a correlation between gender identity and food security (p= 0,000), and there was a positive relationship pattern: the higher the gender role given, the more food security will increase in July (r= 0,504). In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between gender roles and food security; the higher the gender roles, the higher the farmers' food security.

Erratum: SDG 2 – ending hunger: the effect of Nigeria's land titling on production output and food security of farming households

Erratum: SDG 2 – ending hunger: the effect of Nigeria's land titling on production output and food security of farming households

The Association of Socio-Economic Factors and Indigenous Crops on the Food Security Status of Farming Households in KwaZulu-Natal Province.

Indigenous crops have been proposed as part of a solution for household food security and sustainable farming systems. However, they have been overlooked and underutilised by households and farmers despite their potential contribution to household food security. The objective of this paper was to determine the association of socio-economic factors and indigenous crops with the household food security of farming households. About 260 farming households were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. The food security status was measured through the use of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The Chi-square test and extended ordered probit regression model assessed the relationship of socio-economic factors and indigenous crops with household food security status. The results from the HFIAS showed that farming households were largely in the mildly and moderately food-insecure categories, with 34.2% and 36.2% of the sampled farmers found in these categories, respectively. The Chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between food security status and socio-economic factors. Young men and everyone were perceived to be the ones likely to consume indigenous crops. Consumption of indigenous crops was perceived to be associated with food security. The results also showed that farming experience is likely to positively contribute to the food security status of the farming households. Selling indigenous crops in a formal market is perceived to be associated with food security compared to selling in an informal market. This study concludes that consuming indigenous crops is likely associated with improved food security. Identifying an appropriate market for sales of indigenous crops is imperative. Government, extension officers, and nutritionists must conduct training workshops to encourage households to grow, market and buy indigenous crops. Government and policymakers need to include indigenous crops in the national food and nutrition security policy and create formal markets for indigenous crops.

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sendangagung, Giriwoyo, Wonogiri)

<p><em>Various problems in the agricultural sector include land conversion, climate change, water shortages, high input prices, and declining agricultural land productivity. Reduced production will affect farmers' income, which will impact the food security of farming households. The research aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure and assess the food security of farming households. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Giriwoyo District, where most of the agricultural land is rain-fed. The sampling method used simple random sampling with a total of 30 farming households as respondents. Analysis of farmer household food security using cross-classification of food expenditure shares and energy adequacy levels. Energy and protein consumption levels were calculated using the 24-hour recall method. The research results explain that the average proportion of food expenditure to the total expenditure of farmer households is 55.61%, which shows that the level of farmer welfare is quite high. The food security conditions of rice farming households are based on levels, namely food security at 80%, food insecurity at 16.67%, and 3.30% of farming households are declared food deficient. To maintain or increase the food security of farming households, local food diversification is needed so that farming households do not only depend on rice as a source of carbohydrates. Counseling needs to be carried out to increase knowledge regarding the consumption of nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe food.</em></p>

SDG 2 – ending hunger: the effect of Nigeria’s land titling on production output and food security of farming households

Achieving zero hunger is intricately linked to sustainable agricultural production and the workings of a farming system. With land being the most important resource in smallholder agriculture in developing countries; including Nigeria; the effect of legal land ownership is a sine qua non for the process of achieving zero hunger in Nigeria. This study examined Nigeria’s attempt at making agricultural land both accessible and utilizable for smallholders in Nigeria through the Presidential Technical Steering Committee on Land Reforms in 2009. The aim was to explore the extent to which land ownership had become legalized; so that it had positive investment incentives for smallholder farmers to improve their investment portfolio on their holdings. A secondary dataset of 4,032 respondents obtained from the Living Standard Survey Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS/ISA) of the 2018/2019 season, was used for the study. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and a 2-stage least square model. The apriori being that legal land ownership provided a perception of security that would enhance farm-level investment; which would therefore increase production output and hence food security. The findings revealed that although land titling was low (~12%) within the agricultural system; its return on production output was highly significant (5.3; p < 0.05). The possession of land title would also increase per capita food consumption expenditure (0.35; p < 0.05) among the farming households. On average, households with access to land titles had a significantly higher (at p < 0.01) food expenditure (N9, 868.00) than those without land titles (N6171.72). Other farm-level investment variables such as credit use, and mechanization through tractor use were significant in improving food security amidst the security presented by possession of land title. Thus, expediting the implementation and coverage of formal land registration and titling may be a first step to contributing meaningfully to the food security drive of the SDGs in Nigeria.

Food Security Analysis of Farmer Households in Subwatershed Keduang, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Food security is the individual ability to access sufficient food physically and economically, safe, and nutritious. Limited fulfillment of food in farmer households is determined by restricted physical access, economical, and another social factor. The geographical conditions of Wonogiri Regency which is dominated by dry land, climate change, and high input prices for agricultural production facilities certainly affect the food security of farmer households. This study aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure; analyze the energy consumption level; and analyze the degree of farmers household’s food security in the subwatershed Keduang, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. This research was conducted in Sidoharjo, Jatipurno, and Jatisrono sub-district with a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using the farmer household’s income and expenditure method, energy and protein consumption, and cross indicators between the food expenditure and energy consumption adequacy. The results show that the farmer households food expenditure was IDR 1 571 956 or 61.11 % from the share of total expenditure; energy consumption level of 80.34 % is moderate; the degree of household food security of farmer households shows that 44.44 % are food resistance, 3.33 % are food vulnerable, and 52.22 % are lack of food.

Effect of climate risk adaptation on food security among farming households: The case of Nigeria

Climate risk is a major threat to the sustainable food production of many farmers who depend on rainfed agricultural systems. In response to this threat, climate-smart agricultural innovations, such as drought-tolerant and early mature crop varieties, have been developed and promoted. It is well-known that adopting innovations and improved technologies positively impact adopters' well-being. Therefore, this study sought to determine the factors influencing the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies and subsequently estimate how food security is affected by the adoption using questionnaire survey data from 1,080 farming households across six agro-ecological zones. The data were analysed using different matching techniques and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR). The model results reveal that access to extension, crop-related and weather information, access to credit and climate change awareness of farmers increase the adoption likelihood of the climate risk adaptation strategies. Adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies positively impacts the food security of farming households as it increases their dietary diversity score and reduces the food security coping strategy index. Enhancing the accessibility of the drought-tolerant and early mature varieties, promoting crop-related and weather information through extension services, and empowering farmers through credit accessibility would strengthen the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies to increase food security.

STUDY ON FOOD SECURITY AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS PARTICIPATING IN THE SUSTAINABLE FOOD YARD (SFY) PROGRAM IN SEMARANG CITY

Food security in Indonesia can realized when the population’s food needs are met. One of the efforts to increase food security carried out by the Food Security Agency under the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture is implementing the Sustainable Food Yard (SFY) program or Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) in Indonesia. The SFY program utilizes yards, idle land, or empty land for agricultural activities. Semarang City includes the regions that have received the SFY program since 2020. This research aims to determine the status of food security and the role of the SFY program on the food security of farm households participating in the SFY program in Semarang City—the research conduct using a survey method on 130 farm household samples. The data collection technique is in the form of interviews using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire. The data obtained was then processed using cross-tabulation analysis between energy sufficiency percentage and food expenditure shared with the Microsoft Excel application to determine the food security status of farm households. The role of the SFY program on the food security of participating farm households was analyzed descriptively. The research results show that the distribution of food security status of farm households participating in the SFY program in Semarang City is 88.46 percent food secure, 3.08 percent vulnerable, and 8.46 percent questionable. The role of the SFY program in the food security of farm households is not very significant in increasing energy consumption and reducing household food expenditure.

Analysis of Food Security of Farm Households in the Dodokan River Watershed Area, Lombok Island

The research aims to determine the level of food security and the factors that influence the level of food security of farming households in the Dodokan watershed. The topography of the watershed from upstream to downstream certainly influences the water supply in each part of the watershed, namely in the upstream, middle and downstream parts, which has implications for the way farmers carry out business on the land they work on, both cropping and cropping patterns. This of course raises the assumption that farmers in upstream and middle areas will be more prosperous because of a better supply of natural resources and whether this will have an impact on production levels and income of farmer households. This research used a household survey of 68 farmers selected using proportional sampling. Cross-classification between expenditure and portion of household energy adequacy levels is used to answer the first objective. The ordinal logistic model is used to answer the second objective. The results of the research show that 27.94% of farmer households have achieved food security levels, 30.88% have less, 38.24% are vulnerable, and 2.94% have food insecurity. Based on the results of ordinal logistics testing, household food security is positively influenced by household income, number of household members, household expenditure and negatively by the housewife's education.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING FARMING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY POST-NATURAL DISASTER IN LAMBARA, CENTRAL SULAWESI

This research aims (1) to discover the factors influencing food security; (2) to determine food security after a natural disaster occurred on September 28, 2018. The research was conducted in Lambara, Central Sulawesi, from June to November 2021. The population of this study was 31 farmer households and, at the same time, became the study's sample. Data were obtained in several ways: literature study, interviews, and questionnaires. Data relating to food security is processed using portion of food expensesanalysis. On the other hand, an analysis of the factors affecting food security is carried out by OLS (Ordinary Least Square) analysis in multiple regression. Testing the hypothesis in multiple linear regression analysis is carried out by testing the regression coefficients, namely testing the regression coefficients as a whole (F-test) and the regression coefficients partially (t-test) with a 2-way test α = 5%. From the data processing results, it is known that the food security of farming households after natural disasters based on the share of food expensesis 70.97% food secure and 29.03% food insecure. Factors with significant effects on food security after natural disasters are income and level of education.

Improving food security of farming households in Nigeria: Does broiler outgrowers' program make any difference?

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of outgrowers' programs on the food security of smallholder poultry farming households in Osun State. Using multi-stage sampling technique, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of outgrowers' programs in the study area. Descriptive statistics, food security index, and Heckman's selection model were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that outgrowers and non-outgrowers were on the average, 49 and 45 years old, with about 12 and 8 years of experience in poultry farming, respectively. The Poultry Farmers' Association was represented by 97% of outgrowers and 47% of non-outgrowers. There were four major broiler outgrowers' programs existing in the area. The Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers' program and Osun Broiler Outgrowers' program adopted a fixed contract model, whereas, the Dayntee Farm and GS Farm outgrowers' programs employed a semi-fixed contract model. The incidence of food insecurity was 18% for outgrowers and 35% for non-outgrowers, with food insecurity depth and severity being 0.025 and 0.033 for outgrowers and 0.134 and 0.52 for non-outgrowers, respectively. The study found a significant difference in outgrowers' perceptions of food insecurity as well as their coping strategies. The major perceived indicators of food insecurity were inadequate resource endowment (MD = 0.758, p<0.01) and consumption of low-cost food (MD = 0.0658, p<0.01). Food acquisition on credit (WMS = 1.700), meals adjustment (WMS = 1.425), and cooking methods' modification (WMS = 1.875) strategies were adopted to cope with food insecurity. Participation in the outgrowers' program was influenced by membership of Poultry Farmers' Association, credit access and flock sizes and the significant predictors of food security among the poultry farming households were outgrowers' participation, household size, gender, marital status and credit access. It was therefore inferred that outgrowers were considerably more food secure than the non-outgrowers, encouraging the need to scale up the program in the poultry industry. Introduction of flexible regulations and reproductive education would make the program more rewarding to the poultry farming households.

RUMAH CUKUP (RUCUP): Farmer Households Community Development Program as a Solution for Increasing Food Availability on Kemaro Island, Palembang City

National food security begins with the provision of food in the smallest locations, mainly villages and sub-districts. Kemaro Island is part of Palembang City, which is administered by Kelurahan 1 Ilir Palembang City. Due to limited accessibility, circumstances for providing basic requirements, particularly food and clean water, are severely constrained. Foods such as vegetables and fruit are still scarce in this area, particularly milk, cereals, and other nutritional foods. Thus, it is vital to undertake measures to boost the availability and accessibility of food for independent home farmers in this region, given the territory's status as a distinct island. Efforts to enhance the food security of farmer households on Kemaro Island can be accomplished through the implementation of a participatory in Rumah Cukup (Rucup) program. Extension is conducted as a coaching and mentoring activity aimed at enhancing the food security of farmer households through the Rumah Cukup (Rucup) initiative, in which farmer households cultivate a variety of horticulture commodities.

Impact of Homegrown School Feeding Program on Smallholders' Farmer Household Food Security in Northeastern Nigeria.

In various countries of the global south, school feeding programs are implemented in order to alleviate short-time hunger in children, improved their nutrition and provide employment for food vendors. The impact of these programs is important not only in terms of pupils' nutrition but also in improving farmers' livelihoods productivity and food security. This study analyzes the impact of the school feeding program on smallholder farmers' household food security based on data collected in 2021 from 240 farmers surveyed in northeast Nigeria. Differently from other studies, several econometric methods are used to analyze the data, namely, binary probit regression, propensity score matching, inverse probability weighted adjusted regression, and endogenous switching regression. The results show that about 40% of the beneficial smallholder farmers are food secure compared to 20% of the nonbeneficiary households. Findings revealed that the Homegrown school feeding program (HGSF) positively improved smallholder farmers household food security status across all the models. Results provide evidence for the need to expand school feeding programs vis-a-vis interventions in facilitating farmers' access to capital and capacity building for better integration in the supply chain.

Analysis of the proportion of food expenditures for rice farming households in Lampuyang Village, Teluk Sampit District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of food expenditure to the total expenditure of rice farming households. Knowing the quantity and quality of household food consumption of rice farmers. Knowing rice farmer household food security. In this research, 41 rice farming households were taken as samples. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The method of taking the research location was carried out by purposive sampling, namely in the village of Lampu which is in the Teluk Sampit District, East Kotawaringin Regency. Types and sources of data used consist of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, observation, and recording. Data analysis method is descriptive with average and percentage analysis. Based on the results of the study, the average total expenditure of rice farming households was IDR 2,752,117.40. It is known that spending on food is around IDR 1,647,079.45 (59.85%) and spending on non-food is around IDR 1,105,037.95 (40.15%). The average energy adequacy level of rice farming households is in the sufficient category of 51.8%, while the average protein adequacy level of rice farming households is 90.2% which is in the sufficient category. Conditions Food security in rice farming households is mostly food vulnerable, namely 36.6%, followed by food shortages of 29.3%, food insecurity of 19.5%, while food secure households are only 14.6%. So that it can be said that the food security of farmer households is still relatively poor.

KAJIAN MODAL SOSIAL DALAM MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI DESA BODDIA KECAMATAN GALESONG KABUPATEN TAKALAR (Study Of Sosial Capital In Supporting Household Food Security Of Rice Farmers In Boddia Village, Galesong Sub-District, Takalar District)

This study aimed to examine sosial capital in supporting rice farming household food security. The buying technique for informants was carried out by purposive sampling. Data collection by way of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show that in realizing rice farmer household food security it is supported by the role of sosial capital as an adhesive in strengthening the role of farmers in society, including: (1) Trust in resilience in supporting rice farmer household food is an attitude of mutual trust and respect that is built between farmers and the community (2) Sosial networks in supporting rice farming household food security are sosial networks built on the basis of common interests, networks of power, kinship and kinship (3) Sosial norms in supporting rice farming household food security in the form of rules written and unwritten. Written sosial norms include the existence of written agreements related to planting schedules and types of seeds used in order to maintain production sustainability to fulfill household food agreements. The unwritten rules are in the form of a tradition called appa rappo (routine activities that are believed to make farming successful).

Analisis Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the agricultural sector in the food crop sub-sector, such as decreased food productivity, decreased distribution of production factors and food commodity yields, and increased prices for food products. This also affects the level of farmers' welfare, especially the food security and insecurity of farmers' households. This study aims to determine the resilience and food insecurity of farmer households during the Covid-19 pandemic, a case study in Cimanganten Village, Tarogong Kaler District, Garut Regency. The type of research used is a case study method, the determination of respondents is determined by purposive sampling, namely as many as 12 respondents who come from farmer households who own cereals, legumes and tubers farming in Cimanganten Village. Data analysis was carried out by determining the level of food security seen from the share of food expenditure and food insecurity using the jonsson and tolee method, food security and food insecurity index indicators. The results showed that food security of farm households during the covid-19 pandemic in Cimanganten Village is classified as food security, and food insecurity of farm households during the covid-19 pandemic in Cimanganten Village did not experience food insecurity.

Farmer household food security in two dimensions in Lombok, Indonesia

Household food security is faced with two important problems, namely how to expand income sources and how to properly distribute their income for life necessities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the distribution patterns of household income and expenditure of wetland farmers with dry land and to analyze the determinants that affect the household food security of wetland and dryland farmers in Lombok Island. The research design used a cross-sectional study with a survey method. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. In general, the qualitative data analysis used is policy analysis (program evaluation), institutional analysis, potential analysis, and priority determination of community-level problems. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through the process of filtering data, categorizing, concluding, and retesting. Quantitative data analysis used a logistic regression model. The results of the study concluded that: The sources of income of farmers in wetlands are more varied than those of dryland farmers. Meanwhile, wetland farmers household expenditures are relatively the same as wetland farmers. The food security of wetland farmer households (90%) is better than farmer households in dryland (83.3%). Meanwhile, wetland farmer household food insecurity is lower than wetland farmer households. The distribution pattern of wetland farmer household income comes from rice, and maize cultivation, while in dryland areas, it is sourced from rice, corn, and soybean farming. Distribution patterns Household expenditure of wetland and dryland farmers is divided into expenditures for food and non-food. The factors that determine household food security in dry and wetland areas are farmer household income.