Food Security Doctrine Research Articles

The basis of food security of the country is the potential of the agricultural sector of the regional economics

The large territorial extent of our country has formed a certain resource potential for each region, which depends on the geographical, natural and climatic conditions, as well as the competitive advantages of the territory. The purpose of the research was to assess the degree of influence of the use of the resource potential of the territory on its food security in order to predict possible consequences when one of the determinants changes. The availability and use of production resources in the agricultural sector of the economics in the Kurgan region has been analyzed in the article. The evaluation of food security of the territory is based on the use of a set of indicators that reflect the physical and economics availability of food, the sufficiency and quality of consumption. Agricultural production had been increased by more than 30 % during the analyzed period, and the inflationary factor should be taken into account in this growth. With the existing programs to support agricultural producers there is no significant growth in the number of cattle and the area of crops in the region. According to the threshold values of the level of food self-sufficiency laid down by the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation the current state of agriculture in the Kurgan region cannot meet the region’s demand for meat and meat products. In 2019 the level of food independence for grain was 174,4 %, and for potatoes – 105,8 %, which indicates the feasibility of exporting these types of agricultural products to other regions of Russia. The annual grain export potential in the Kurgan region is estimated in the range from 0,6 to 1 million tons of grain. The conclusions made allow us to assess the degree of correlation between the resource potential of the region and the level of food security, and to develop recommendations for improving food self-sufficiency.

Доктрина продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации как комплексный акт государственного управления

The Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approved in a new edition by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 21, 2020 [1], determines that this Doctrine is a strategic planning document, which reflects the official views on the goals, objectives and main directions of the state social economic policy in the field of food security of the Russian Federation. In paragraph 4, it is established that this Doctrine is the basis for the development of regulatory legal acts in the field of food security, development of agriculture and fisheries. It should be noted that this Doctrine (paragraph 5) takes into account the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the share of imports and food stocks taken. Familiarization with the content of the Doctrine allows us to conclude that the Doctrine, according to the rules of normography [2] and legal technique [3], cannot be qualified as a legal act. It would be more correct to call this document as a concept for ensuring food security, which sets out general approaches to the formation of the main directions of state policy in the field of food security. The constituent parts of the concept are: 
 a) sustainable development of agricultural production based on medical indicators per capita; 
 b) ensuring the range, quality and safety of food products; 
 c) meeting the domestic needs of the Russian state in domestic agricultural products and increasing their volumes for export, which confirms the stability of the agricultural sector in the agri-food market in terms of ensuring food independence; d) increasing the economic availability of high-quality food products to form a healthy diet for all groups of the population; e) ensuring the physical availability of food products through the trade system, agri-food markets, catering facilities of various types.

Milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed when different genealogical lines combinations

One of the modern tasks of the agricultural complex in the light of the provisions of the country’s Food Security Doctrine is to accelerate the selection progress to breed animals of the desired type. A comparative evaluation of the milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed with different selection methods (intra-line breeding and genealogical line crosses) during the first lactation in the breeding farm “Barybino” – “Koalko-Agro” in the Moscow region has been presented in the article. It has been found that the highest indicators of milk productivity have been obtained when the genealogical lines were crossbred. Thus, when using sires of Pabst Governer 882933 line on cows of Montwick Chieftain 95679 line the milk yield was 8419 kg with fat content of 4,20 % and protein of 3,15 %, the open days period duration was 95 days. High productivity indicators have been characterized by cows from the combination of sires of line Wes Back Ideal 10134115 and cows of line Montwick Chieftain 95679 when milk yield was 8074 kg with fat content of 4,20 and protein of 3,10 %, the duration of the open days period was 117 days. The productivity of cows from the combination of sires of line Pabst Governor 882933 and cows of line Reflection Sovering 198998 was also characterized by high milk yield 8054 kg with fat content of 4,10 and protein of 3,0 %, the duration of the open days period was 107 days. Thus, the combination of genealogical lines has influence on the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive traits of highly productive cows, which must be taken into account when conducting breeding work.

Investments as a factor for ensuring food security in the Russian Federation

The article analyzes the indicators of food security and the level of food self-sufficiency in the Russian Federation. The indicators of physical and economic availability of food for various national groups by income level were calculated. We justified a positive impact of investments in fixed assets of agricultural organizations on the level of self-sufficiency in the country with agricultural commodities, products and food. The reasons for the low efficiency of investment activities in the agro-industrial sector are identified, which elimination provides achieving the criteria indicators of Food Security Doctrine in the Russian Federation.

EXCLUDING TAX RISKS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IS IMPORTANT AND NECESSARY

Agricultural production is of particular importance in the country’s economy, determines the conditions for maintaining the life of society, so the possibility of minimizing tax risks on the part of the state in relation to taxpayers in this industry is important. The importance of conducting a balanced tax policy in relation to the agricultural sector is determined by the fact that in 2010 The decree of the President of the Russian Federation approved the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation and its implementation should be promoted by the tax policy. Since agricultural enterprises have the opportunity to choose a tax system, they have tax risks that can be minimized by clearly following the postulates of tax legislation. The introduction of ESKHN taxpayers into the number of VAT payers determines the complexity of the formation of the tax base, so it is important for them to determine the contingent of contaminants that should have a stable status of bona fide taxpayers.

The Development of Sheep Breeding in the Doctrine of Food Security: Problems and Design

The article discusses the experience of restoring sheep stock in the Samara region under counter-sanctions. During the economic reform years, the number of sheep in the region decreased by 10 times. However, the introduction in 2014 of reciprocal restrictions on the import of food products from European countries made it possible to partially restore the population. Over this period, it has grown almost 2 times. As the experience of creating new sheep farms in modern conditions shows, it is necessary to change the old specialization (wool production) to a new one - lamb production. Polyester sheep breeds are better suited for this purpose. With an integrated approach to the implementation of an investment project in sheep farming, high profitability indicators can be achieved. Starting with 300 ewes and spending about 15 million rubles for the purchase of breeding stock, equipment, construction, in two and a half years, the number of productive stock can be brought up to 1000 head. The calculations showed that in this case the payback period of the projects is no more than 4-5 years, depending on the scale of production, the chosen pace of development, and the depth of products processing.

Assessment of Food Self-Sufficiency and Food Independence Based on the Analysis of Production and Consumption Data

The paper considers the problem of different understanding of the content of food self-sufficiency and food independence, the problem of methodology for assessing these criteria as components of food security. The author made an attempt to systematize the indicators according to the differences in the assessment method and the purpose of indicators, carried out a critical analysis of the methods. The author compares the indicators developed by The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the CIS Statistical Committee (Russia), an analysis of the method that takes into account rational nutritional standards and the method for assessing the overall level of independence of the country, included in the Food Security Doctrine. There were proposed modifications of the methods for calculating indicators by the author.

Agro-Industrial Complex of the Arctic of Yakutia: Features of Development and Prospects

The Doctrine of Food Security of Russia determines the need for regions to ramp-up production. The ritual food of the nationalities living in the North is predominantly food of animal origin (up to 97% fat and up to 78% protein). Since senile industries are the main source and supplier of animal products in the Arctic, their development determines the food supply of the population not only in the Arctic zone, but also throughout Yakutia. The Arctic has significant natural resources, for this reason it is sometimes considered only from the perspective of obtaining economic benefits. There is another category of scientists who view it as an unspoiled and sensitive area, insisting on the need to limit industrial development in the region. Against the increasing of its geopolitical and economic importance, the underlying problem of the Arctic region development is being formed [1]. The article defines the role of Arctic agro-industrial complex senile industries in the food facility system and the economy of Yakutia. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the agro-industrial complex of the Arctic in Yakutia and, on its basis, to develop methodological approaches to address the problem. The relevance of the article is stemmed from the need to increase food self-production level of the region in accordance with the Doctrine of Food Security of Russia, from the position to preserve the agro-industrial complex senile industry of the Arctic in Yakutia and their development. The article novelty is to determine promising measures contributing to the development of the agro-industrial complex senile industry and to orient on increasing food self-production level.

Innovative technologies in agricultural crops breeding and seed farming

Plant breeding involves the study of ways of creation of the new varieties of cultivated plants with important traits and improvement of the existing one. The following basic breeding methods are distinguished: selection, hybridization, mutagenesis and polyploidy. In 2019, the share of domestic breeding seeds in the total volume of seeds was 62.7%, for sugar beets - 0.6, sunflower - 26.5, vegetables - 43, corn - 45.8, soybeans - 41.8%. For winter and spring wheat, this indicator was 90.5 and 82.2%, respectively. The food security doctrine for seeds as a whole sets the indicator at no less than 75%. Import dependence on seeds and hybrids of agricultural crops is due to a number of factors: low competitive potential of newly registered varieties and hybrids, low quality of seeds, deficiencies in the system for stimulation of variety renewal, underdeveloped infrastructure, outdated material and technical base, lack of highly qualified specialists in genetics, breeding and seed production.

Assessment of the export potential of Russian soybeans

Swot analysis and development trends of the market for soybeans and its derivative products in Russia and all over the world are presented in the article. The main tasks of Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation are reflected, which influence the further development of foreign trade policy of the country’s agro-industrial complex and the realization of the export potential of soybeans. The key players in the global soybean market were noted, occupying leading positions in the import and export of soybeans. The results of the analysis of the structure and geography of the export of Russian soybeans are presented and an assessment of the export potential of Russia in the soybean grain market from 2015 to 2019 with the calculation of the main indicative values such as: export quota, coefficients of international competitiveness and coverage of imports by exports and others, is given. The problems in the context of the internal and external soybean markets that hinder the implementation of the existing potential, as well as the ways to solve them, thanks to the implementation of which it will be possible to increase the production and export of Russian soybeans to international markets up to the planned targets of the federal project “Export of agricultural products” by 2024, have been identified.

Development of Functional Food Technology for Food Security in the Regional Aspect

Ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of the state. The food security doctrine approved by the President of the Russian Federation, among other tasks, provides for the production of high-quality and safe food products that are accessible to all segments of the population and can support the health of consumers. Achieving food security in the far Eastern region is possible through the use of regional sources of agricultural and wild-growing raw materials. For the production of functional beverages, soy whey is used, obtained in the production of tofu from safe, non-genetically modified soy, pumpkin, carrots, cranberries and blueberries. The inclusion of these components in the recipe makes it possible to obtain drinks with a rich chemical composition, containing soluble protein fractions, a small amount of fat, carbohydrates, including dietary fibers (pectin substances) that have probiotic properties, minerals and physiologically functional ingredients (α-carotene, vitamins C, E, lycopene and succinic acid) and high organoleptic indicators. Soft drinks obtained by the developed technology can be classified as healthy food products.

Food Security Indicators Classification and Assessment of Their Importance for the Policy of the Russian Federation

The article explores food security indicators and provides a critical review of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation of 2020. The study had two objectives: to propose a new system of food security indicators and to form a recommended group of indicators for the Russian Federation. In the work, a set of 17 indicators of food security were investigated by cluster analysis. The analysis was carried out in the SPSS program, the method of factorsselection is the method of the main components, the rotation is varimax with Kaiser normalization. Five clusters explaining 75% of the dispersion were obtained. The first two clusters were named "Well-being, availability of basic services" and "Consumption of animal food". The other three clusters are difficult to interpret. The result of the study concludes that average dietary energy supply adequacy should have not only minimum thresholds, but also upper limits, as it is related to obesity. The quality of nutrition, in particular the average supply of protein of animal origin, which reduces the prevalence of anaemia, should be a priority among indicators of availability. With regard to food independence, it has been established that many of the goals set out in the Food Security Doctrine 2020 have already been achieved. Economic availability of food in Russia exceeds consumption in upper-middle income countries, the same can be said about the quality and safety of food products. The notion of access set out in the Doctrine is inconsistent with the international approach. The following set of 9 indicators for monitoring food security of the Russian Federation is proposed: 1. food independence (self-sufficiency thresholds for beef and veal, butter and cheese; value of food imports over total merchandise exports); 2. availability (fish consumption; average supply of protein of animal origin; average dietary energy supplywith the upper limit; national dietary recommendations; national healthy nutrition strategy); 3. access (percentage of arable land equipped for irrigation); 4. quality and safety (people using safely managed sanitation services).

Problems of analysis and forecasting of the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises (on the example of the Ryazan region)

Currently, the level of technical equipment of agricultural enterprises in the Russian Federation remains at a low level. On average, tractor availability in the country is 2–3 times less than in Kazakhstan and Belarus, and 20–30 times lower than in Western Europe and the United States. At the same time, agricultural production is faced with the task of achieving the level defined by the Food Security Doctrine in a number of industries, and increasing exports in a number of industries (production of cereals and industrial crops). In the Ryazan region, there is an appropriate resource potential for solving these problems. But the main factor constraining the increase in production is the insufficient development of the material and technical base. The dynamics of the number of major types of equipment over the past 10 years remains negative. At the same time, the region has a State program of the Ryazan region “Development of the agro-industrial complex until 2025”, which provides for a number of measures to maintain the level of technical equipment of agriculture. In this regard, the issue of scientific justification of the required amount of equipment and forecasting for the near future becomes relevant. On the regional scale, this is a difficult task, since traditional forecasting methods are not fully suitable for solving this problem due to the wide variety of production conditions in farms — soil fertility, climatic conditions, economic situation, specialization, etc. Therefore, we propose a method for determining the required amount of equipment and the amount of investment, based on the allocation of cluster groups and, then, the development of economic and mathematical models for the use of machine and tractor fleet for typical farms of each cluster group. This article analyzes the level of technical equipment of agriculture in the Ryazan region and identifies cluster groups of farms.

Introduction

From June 10 to 11, 2020, in Russia, Moscow Oblast, Bol’shie Vyazemy, the All-Russian conference with international participation “Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants” was held.The choice of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region is due to its significant contribution to the food security of the country, as well as the distribution of unique fodder crops and conditions for them. In addition, Moscow Region is home to the country’s leading institutions in the field of fodder production and phytosanitary safety.Conference Objective to unite efforts of domestic and foreign scientists in solving urgent issues of economy and photosanitary safety of fodder plants introduction.Over the past few years, positive trends have been observed in the agricultural economy. First of all it is connected with the import substitution program, as well as with the new Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation adopted by the President. In this regard, scientific institutions should play a special role in the chain of ensuring presidential decrees.The work of the following sections was foreseen within the conference: Economic rationale for the introduction of feed plants; Innovative technologies for the introduction of forage plants; Methods of feed plants’ protecting during introduction and adaptation; The research of feed plants’ resistance to environmental factors; Breeding, seed farming of forage crops; Ecology and conservation

The influence of poultry rations on its productivity and resulting products quality

The purpose of the study is related to the Food Security Doctrine priorities and is aimed at finding ways to implement import substitution with obtaining competitive poultry products–meat and eggs. Feed ration of the experimental poultry was as follows. The control group received basic diet (BD), 1st experimental group received BD with probiotic additive «Bacell-M» (Bacell-M). The 2nd experimental group received BD with vitamin-mineral feed concentrate «Tetra +» (VMFC), while 3rd experimental group received BD with feed concentrate complex (FCC). It was found that feed consumption of experimental groups broiler chickens is lower than in the control group (140.1 kg / 42 days) and is in the range 132.6–134.9 kg / 42 days, while the average broiler chicken live weight 2.32-2.35 kg/unit, and in the control group–2.05 kg/unit. The maximum effect of live weight increase advancing when taking into account the reduction in feed consumption is achieved in broiler chickens of the 3rd experimental group. It is established that the feed additives use in the ration contributes to earlier output of replace herd laying-hens to the egg production. The increase in egg production in relation to the control group amounted to: 147 eggs for the 1st experimental group, 189 eggs for the 2nd experimental and 217 eggs for the 3rd experimental group. The nutritional valueand biological active substances (BAS) concentration of broiler chicken meat and eggs from experimental group hens exceeds the nutritional value of control groups meat and eggs.

Consumer Trust in Quality and Safety of Food Products in Western Siberia

Modern Russia faces difficulties in ensuring food quality and safety. The updated federal food security doctrine focuses on export opportunities and monitoring the ratio between domestic production and consumption. This agenda is determined by possible external threats: sanctions and trade wars, various conflicts, and economic and agricultural crises. The aim is to reveal the features of consumer behavior when interacting with food operators and to show the influence of socio-economic characteristics on individual practices. Empirical data are obtained from the authors’ mass survey and in-depth interviews. Results might signify that society came to a consensus on trust in quality and safety of food. Observed differences in outlet and product choices can be explained by income, settlement type, and age. Local producers are struggling to enter retail chains, as there are contradictions between consumer expectations and internal policies of sales operators. Experts argue that people poorly assess the real risks of economizing and favoring low-quality food.

ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ (Assessment of the State of Food Security in the Russia)

Russian abstract: Рассмотрены изменения в подходах к мониторингу продовольственной безопасности ФАО после принятия Целей устойчивого развития ООН до 2030 г., новации Доктрины продовольственной безопасности 2020 г, проведена по разным методикам оценка состояния и тенденций изменения продовольственной безопасности России с 2013 по 2019 г, а также – по доступным показателям – за 2020 г. English abstract: Changes in approaches of FAO food security monitoring after the adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals until 2030 and innovations in the 2020 RF Food Security Doctrine were considered. The assessment of the current state and trends in food security in Russia from 2013 to 2019 (by several available indicators - for 2020) was carried out using different methods.

National Interests of The Russian Federation in the Agricultural Sector: Features of the Integration of Environmental Factors in the World Pandemic and Their Reflection in the New Doctrine of Food Security

The article is devoted to the study of the situation of the agro-industrial complex in an emergency situation related to the coronavirus pandemic. It is clear that in the present realities, against the background of the unstable conditions created by the systematic change of external factors, a competent organization of food security has become especially important. Thus, in the context of an unstable situation, the State has given priority to ensuring adequate food security, without which it was almost impossible to solve any of the tasks facing the State, both at the regional and federal levels. It was her condition that predetermined not only the economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but also the habitat of a particular person. However, despite the projected positive trends, the State should envisage problems associated with a significant violation of economic policies. That is why the work presents an exceptional set of measures aimed at ensuring the food security of the population of Russia in the context of the global confrontation against the pandemic.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРОГНОЗНЫЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА, ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ И ЭКСПОРТА ЗЕРНА В РОССИИ

The article examines the current state of the grain market at the level of federal districts and in the Russian Federation as a whole, it is noted that, despite severe weather conditions, the gross harvest of 2020 became the second largest in the history of Russia. The leaders in grain production in 2020 were the Central, Volga and Southern, in terms of the area of crops – the Volga, Southern, Siberian and Central Federal districts. The yield of grain and leguminous crops for the analyzed period 1990–2020 increased by 46.7% and averaged 28.6 c/ha in the country. The analysis of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the development of Agriculture for 2017–2025 and its subprograms, the Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035, an assessment of the new indicator «provision of seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection», presented in the Doctrine of Food Security 2020, is given. It is noted that in the world grain market over the past 30 years, Russia’s export potential has grown 24.3 times and reached 48.7 million tons, which corresponds to the third place in the world in grain exports (12% of the market volume) and the first place in wheat exports (20% of the market volume). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain imports, investments for the development of both the grain industry and processing, and market infrastructure, including grain storage and warehousing systems, are given. Grain balance, export dynamics, including for individual grain crops, changes in export sales prices are considered. The main directions of development and improvement of the grain market for the future are presented: attracting investments in the grain industry; increasing the production of grain complex products and improving their quality by increasing the acreage by introducing unused land into circulation; increasing domestic grain consumption for feed purposes due to the development of the livestock industry and industrial grain processing; improving infrastructure and logistics of the grain industry; improving the scientific and technical base of the grain industry; improvement of measures of state regulation of grain production; increase of domestic grain consumption and development of export potential.

Inter-settlement territories, their realities and prospects

The paper presents the results of research and analysis of the state of agricultural land in the Novosibirsk region, located in inter-settlement areas, considered the main reasons contributing to the degradation of agricultural land. The need for the formation of scientific approaches in solving the problems identified by the Government of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, which provides for the development of the agro-industrial complex, which allows providing the population of the country with high-quality, affordable and safe agricultural products, has been substantiated. It is proposed to form “exchange zones” in each region of the country, which should include the scientific community represented by representatives of specialized higher educational institutions with the involvement of production structures, Rosreestr (Russian State Register), regional ministries of agriculture, ensuring the implementation of the state agro-industrial policy. The concept of a system of step-by-step work is proposed, aimed at the rational use of agricultural land in the framework of managing the development of inter-settlement territories.