Industrial Food Production Research Articles

Industrial Production of Functional Foods for Human Health and Sustainability

Functional foods significantly affect social stability, human health, and food security. Plants and microorganisms are high-quality chassis for the bioactive ingredients in functional foods. Characterised by precise nutrition and the provision of both nutritive and medicinal value, functional foods serve a as key extension of functional agriculture and offer assurance of food availability for future space exploration efforts. This review summarises the main bioactive ingredients in functional foods and their functions, describes the strategies used for the nutritional fortification and industrial production of functional foods, and provides insights into the challenges and future developments in the applications of plants and microorganisms in functional foods. Our review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods, ensure the successful production of new products, and support the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, including no poverty, zero hunger, and good health and well-being.

A yeast surface display platform for screening of non-enzymatic protein secretion in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Enhancing the secretion of recombinant proteins, particularly non-enzymatic proteins that predominate in food and pharmaceutic protein products, remains a significant challenge due to limitations in high-throughput screening methods. This study addresses this bottleneck by establishing a yeast surface display system in the food-grade microorganism Kluyveromyces lactis, enabling efficient display of model target proteins on the yeast cell surface. To assess its potential as a universal high-throughput screening tool for enhanced non-enzymatic protein secretion, we evaluated the consistency between protein display levels and secretion efficiency under the influence of various genetic factors. Our results revealed a strong correlation between these two properties. Furthermore, screening in a random mutagenesis library successfully identified a mutant with improved secretion. These findings demonstrate the potential of the K. lactis surface display system as a powerful and universal tool for high-throughput screening of strains with superior non-enzymatic protein secretion capacity. We believe this study could pave the way for efficient large-scale production of heterologous food and therapeutic proteins in industries. KEY POINTS: • A YSD (yeast surface display) system was established in Kluyveromyces lactis • This system enables high-throughput screening of non-enzymatic protein secretion • This technology assists industrial production of food and therapeutic proteins.

Strengths and weaknesses of the public and private sectors: taking education and food industries as examples

With society’s continuous development, people have more in-depth discussions on the areas that government departments should be responsible for. In order to establish an effective market mechanism, different sectors need to operate in different ways to promote the efficient use of resources. Taking the current situation of the education and food production industry as an example, this paper analyzes the education system operated by the government and the food production industry dominated by private enterprises. This paper holds that the public and private sectors have advantages and limitations, and adjusting the balance between the government and enterprises can prevent the disintegration of society. Only by strengthening the cooperation between the public and the private sector can the quality of human resources be improved, economic growth be stimulated, and resources be effectively utilized.

A highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for Perkinsus marinus detection in oysters

Oyster aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production industries worldwide; however, it faces a significant challenge from the protist Perkinsus marinus, particularly in the USA. Although several quantitative molecular diagnostic methodologies are available for identifying diseases caused by P. marinus, the primer pairs used therein led to non-specific identification of other Perkinsus spp. Hence, a quantitative real-time PCR (Pm-qPCR) assay specific for P. marinus was developed using a TaqMan-based probe with the internal quencher in this study. A primer pair and probe specific to P. marinus were designed from a hypothetical protein of P. marinus collected from the whole-genome shotgun sequence database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). In silico analysis using homologous sequences of P. olseni and P. chesapeaki confirmed the high specificity of primers designed in this study. The Pm-qPCR assay was performed using seven different strains of P. marinus, P. olseni, and P. chesapeaki, revealing high specificity and sensitivity for detecting only P. marinus strains. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Pm-qPCR can effectively and accurately diagnose P. marinus with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay is promising for monitoring oyster health and disease management in ecosystems and aquaculture.

BJRI Mesta 4: A newly released improved vegetable Mesta variety of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

Vegetable mesta, also known as roselle, is a common species in many countries for confectioneries and a good source of nutrients and antioxidants. BJRI Mesta 4 is a nutrient-rich, climate-smart and widely adaptable vegetable Mesta cultivar that was developed by the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) and released by the National Seed Board (NSB) in 2022. To explore the superiority of the new variety, a study was conducted on yield and yield components using multivariate analysis over two planting seasons compared with the well-known variety BJRI Mesta 2. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.01 or 0.05) were recorded among the qualitative and quantitative traits. It also possesses in Multi-location Trials during 2018 and 2019, the average yield of leaf, fruit and calyx of BJRI Mesta 4 was found 7.25%, 11.51% and 10.49% higher in BJRI regional stations respectively compared to the check variety. Plant height, branches per plant, fruit yield and leaf yield were taken into consideration during selection to create vegetable mesta types with appropriate yield. However, based on yield capacity, adaptability and nutraceutical properties, the newly released cultivar BJRI Mesta 4 can be recommended and promoted to the herbal food product industry in addition to being a substitute for leafy vegetables. With these views kept in mind, the study that has been conducted now may help in creating trustworthy selection criteria for programs to improve vegetable mesta breeding in the future.

Molecular characterization, carbohydrate metabolism and tolerance to abiotic stress of Eremothecium coryli endophytic isolates from fruits of Momordica indica.

Yeasts are unicellular fungi that occur in a wide range of ecological niches, where they perform numerous functions. Furthermore, these microorganisms are used in industrial processes, food production, and bioremediation. Understanding the physiological and adaptive characteristics of yeasts is of great importance from ecological, biotechnological, and industrial perspectives. In this context, we evaluated the abilities to assimilate and ferment different carbon sources, to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and to tolerate salt stress, heavy metal stress, and UV-C radiation of two isolates of Eremothecium coryli, isolated from Momordica indica fruits. The two isolates were molecularly identified based on sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Our isolates were able to assimilate nine carbon sources (dextrose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, melezitose, and pectin) and ferment three (glucose, maltose, and sucrose). The highest values of cellular dry weight were observed in the sugars maltose, sucrose, and melezitose. We observed the presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae in all assimilated carbon sources. The two isolates were also capable of producing amylase, catalase, pectinase, and proteases, with the highest values of enzymatic activity found in amylase. Furthermore, the two isolates were able to grow in media supplemented with copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc and to tolerate saline stress in media supplemented with 5% NaCl. However, we observed a decrease in CFU at higher concentrations of these metals and NaCl. We also observed morphological changes in the presence of metals, which include changes in cell shape and cellular dimorphisms. The isolates were sensitive to UV-C radiation in the shortest exposure time (1min). Our findings reinforce the importance of endophytic yeasts for biotechnological and industrial applications and also help to understand how these microorganisms respond to environmental variations caused by human activities.

Organic Food Demand Boosts Organic Food Production? Closer Look Into a Bibliometric Analysis of Organic Food Manufacturing Research from the Period 1998 to 2023

Introduction: Given the significance of organic food research in food manufacturing industry, bibliometric analysis within the period of 1998 to 2023 was utilised to provide a review of the body of work published in this area. The framework and central idea of the literature on organic food production in food and beverages industry by using the bibliometric analysis of the literature was further determined. To comprehend the thematic organisation and knowledge of organic food research in food manufacturing industry, the bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis are carried out. Additionally, research trends and research direction in organic food development in food and beverages industry were fully understand by utilised co-occurrence and confluence analysis. The results of this study has suggested that there are more research are related to organic food demand and consumption which are linked to production of the organic food. Objective: Given the significance of organic food research in food manufacturing industry, bibliometric analysis within the period of 1998 to 2023 was utilised to provide a review of the body of work published in this area. Theoretical Framework: Organic production and terms related to organic food were combined in this study's nomenclature. The keywords linked with each sector had to be used to make sure that this research addressed all aspects of organic food and organic production. Method: The Scopus database, which is the largest biographical database, was used for data extraction and analysis. The research evolution and themes of organic food research in the food manufacturing industry were covered in the study for various time periods. Results and Discussion: The research evolution and themes of organic food research in the food manufacturing industry were covered in the study for various time periods. This study outlined the evolution of organic food research in the food manufacturing industry as well as potential research topics for academics.To further comprehend the research paradigm from high-quality publications, future studies may use bibliometric analysis on SCI, SSCI, and ABDC-listed articles solely. Research Implications: The current study has a number of ramifications for academics, businesspeople, marketers, and scholars. They ought to learn about the general studies that have been done in this field. They can use these papers to address the current issues in academia and business by being aware of the important contributors to this field of research and their motivations for doing so. Originality/Value: By examining many facets of organic food research, researchers have made significant contributions to this field. Studies are primarily focused on consumers’ demand facet, but there are fewer studies on the supply side from food and beverages industry. The first study on organic food development was carried out in 1998, according to the Scopus database. Since its inception till the present, organic food has taken many different forms. As there is no study that specifically focuses on organic food production in food and beverages industry, there is a need to research develop in the field of development of organic food production in food and beverages industry.

The Effects of Ubiquinone on the Antioxidant System in Male Rats Exposed to Saccharin-Induced the Hepatic Toxicity

Saccharin (Sac) is a widely used artificial sweetener with significant applications in the food industry, pharmaceutical formulations, and tobacco products. Despite its popularity, saccharin has drawn attention due to its potential carcinogenic effects and associations with various health risks, including renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ubiquinone, or coenzyme Q10 (COQ10), on liver toxicity induced by saccharin, focusing on oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. In this experiment, rats were divided into six groups of ten. The control group received no treatment, while the second group was administered COQ10 at a dosage of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. The third and fourth groups were given saccharin at 1/10 and 1/20 of the lethal dose 50 (LD50), respectively. The fifth and sixth groups received saccharin at the same dosages as the third and fourth groups, but with additional COQ10 supplementation. All treatments were administered orally for 30 days, after which liver tissues were collected to assess oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. The results revealed that saccharin significantly increased oxidative stress in the liver, as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Additionally, saccharin-treated groups exhibited a marked decrease in antioxidant markers, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, the groups that received COQ10 alongside saccharin showed significant improvement, with oxidative stress and antioxidant levels nearly returning to those observed in the control group. These findings suggest that saccharin consumption promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species and contributes to liver damage, characterized by necrotic hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilatation, and inflammatory infiltration. The protective effects of COQ10 in mitigating saccharin-induced oxidative stress highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing liver damage associated with saccharin intake.

Genome-Scale Metabolic Models in Fungal Pathogens: Past, Present, and Future.

Fungi are diverse organisms with various characteristics and functions. Some play a role in recycling essential elements, such as nitrogen and carbon, while others are utilized in the food and drink production industry. Some others are known to cause diseases in various organisms, including humans. Fungal pathogens cause superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections. Consequently, many scientists have focused on studying the factors contributing to the development of human diseases. Therefore, multiple approaches have been assessed to examine the biology of these intriguing organisms. The genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have demonstrated many advantages to microbial metabolism studies and the ability to propose novel therapeutic alternatives. Despite significant advancements, much remains to be elucidated regarding the use of this tool for investigating fungal metabolism. This review aims to compile the data provided by the published GEMs of human fungal pathogens. It gives specific examples of the most significant contributions made by these models, examines the advantages and difficulties associated with using such models, and explores the novel approaches suggested to enhance and refine their development.

Hemp for health: a historical perspective on the marketing of cannabis-based foods in Sweden

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the first comprehensive examination of the early cannabis-based food products industry, using Sweden as a case study. Drawing upon historical newspaper articles and advertisements from the Swedish Historical Newspaper Archive, the authors trace the short-lived development of the industry, from the initial exploitation of fears of tuberculosis in the late 19th century, followed by the “boom” in hempseed extract products and the widening of its claimed effects and, finally, increased skepticism and critiques of such products across the popular press in the early 20th century. Design/methodology/approach A rigorous search of the Swedish Historical Newspaper Archive was conducted to gather newspaper articles and advertisements on cannabis-based foods. The collected resources were scrutinized using critical discourse analysis to tease out key discourses at work, particularly around the concepts of health, nutrition and science. Findings The authors find that central to the marketization of cannabis-based foods was the construction of disease based on scientific and medical discourse, fearmongering to create a strong consumer base and individualization to place responsibility on consumers to take action to protect their family’s health. This demonstrates not only the long historical relationship between science and food marketing but also how brands’ health claims could often be fraudulent or overstated. Originality/value It is important to cast a historical lens on the commercialization of cannabis-based food products because demand for similar types of products has rapidly grown over the past decade. Now, just as before, manufacturers tap into consumers’ insecurities about health, and many of the same questions continue to be mooted about products’ safety. Paying greater attention to the broader and problematic history of commercial cannabis can, thus, serve as a reminder for both consumers and policymakers to think twice about whether hemp really is for health and if the claims it espouses are a mirage rather than a miracle.

A comprehensive strategy integrating chemical profiling with deep learning for screening the antithrombin bioactive-chemical quality markers of functional food: Pueraria radix as an example

Pueraria lobata radix (PL) and Puerariae tbatae radix (PT) are nutritious medicinal food homology plants that are widely used in the food and health products industry. Both of them are used as Pueraria radix (PR) for medicine. In this study, the function-related active markers were discovered by chemical profiling coupled with deep learning for assessment of PR. Firstly, IR spectral fingerprints were established. And the IR spectra of PL and PT were different in fingerprint region. HCA, PCA and PLS-DA can distinguish the samples of PL and PT. Furtherly, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was further applied to identify the main components of PL and PT, and 30 chemical components in PL and 15 in PT were identified. In vitro antithrombin assay was performed to indicate the different batches of PL and PT extracts and they could be distinguished according to the strength of activity. The potential active markers related to antithrombin activity were screened by PCA and PLS-DA. Finally, 3′-hydroxy puerarin, puerarin, 3′-methoxy puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were screened-out as functional markers applying molecular docking combined with BP-ANN, CP-ANN, SIMCA, and SVMDA. The thrombin-based discovery strategy of bioactive-chemical marker combination was a powerful tool for screening the quality markers for evaluation of PR.

Design and Implementation of Home Industrial-Based Automatic Granulated Food Weighing Machine

Automation activities are now required in manufacturing processes. This process can provide very effective and efficient performance results, particularly for industrial processes that require a specific standard, such as those used in the granulated food product industry, such as sugar, rice, coffee, and other products. Fast, sanitary packaging processes and standard weights are the main focus of the manufacturing process. This is not a significant barrier at the level of an established industry, whereas, in traditional processes, this is still the main impediment since automated weighing systems at reasonable prices are still challenging to come by in small and medium-sized businesses. This study proposes the development of a prototype weighing mode that can maintain the weight accuracy of powder materials (sugar, rice, and coffee) before they are placed in product packaging. The research employed the experimental method, utilizing a load cell sensor and a screw conveyor to precisely measure the weight of powder raw materials based on the user-specified size and parameters. It is also equipped with a data deviation memory. Some testing was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the prototype. Based on the test results, this system can work with an accuracy rate of 99.693% at parameters 120 grams and 99.677% when testing the weight of powder raw materials of 120 grams, 125 grams, and 175 grams, respectively.

Fungi as biotechnological allies: Exploring contributions of edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Edible and medicinal mushrooms possess excellent nutritional properties due to their incredible versatility in growing on different substrates and producing extracellular enzymes with a wide range of specificity. These features make them excellent candidates for various biotechnological applications. In this context, biotechnological applications using edible and medicinal mushrooms can focus on the bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes, an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. This review, based on recent original research and scientific reviews, highlights the versatility and potential of mushrooms in terms of sustainability and efficiency. We emphasized the biotechnological applications of edible and medicinal mushrooms and their enzymes including food production with high nutraceutical value by enhancing the quality and flavor of food industry products. Other biotechnological applications addressed in this review were cosmeceutical and biomedical development using mushroom extracts with bioactive compounds; wood pulp pretreatment processes in the pulp and paper industry; bioethanol production; and bioremediation for decontaminating soils and polluted effluents. These applications explain how edible and medicinal mushrooms have gained significance in biotechnology over the years, opening new avenues for innovation. The current tendency to study edible and medicinal mushrooms has gained the attention of researchers because these are still less known organisms becoming an attractive and natural source of novel bioactive compounds that could be integrated into a circular model production.

A novel fluorescent probe for fast detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives in water, soil, food samples and its applications in biological imaging

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has a wide range of applications in food additives and industrial production, and it is one of the main substances that form acid rain, causing serious harm to ecosystems and human health. Hence, it is necessary to construct an effective tool to quickly and accurately detect SO2 derivatives in environmental, food, and biological samples. In this study, fluorescent probe NPMQ was built to detect SO2 derivatives from nopinone with the merits of superior water solubility, high sensitivity (12nM), excellent specificity, large Stokes shift (180nm), and rapid response time (within 5s). NPMQ was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect SO2 derivatives in environmental water, soil and food samples. In addition, an electrospinning film was prepared with the probe NPMQ to image SO2 derivatives, and test strips are capable of rapidly, sensitively, and selectively detecting SO2 derivatives with the naked eye. Moreover, the probe NPMQ was used to visualize endogenous SO2 derivatives in Arabidopsis thaliana under Cd2+ stress. Furthermore, the probe NPMQ was employed to image exogenous and endogenous SO2 derivatives in living Hela, HepG-2 cells, and zebrafish. This study develops an effective tool for monitoring SO2 derivatives in the environmental, food, and biological systems.

Sea Vegetables: An Alternative Food Source: A Review

Seaweeds or sea vegetables are the non-traditional vegetables largely produced and consumed by China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and other island countries. They are rich in essential nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, amino acids etc. making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Moreover, they have low caloric content and are free from cholesterol, essential for weight management and heart-healthy diets. Additionally, sea vegetables contain unique bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Globally the demand for seaweed as vegetables along with its several value-added products are increasing day by day. The cultivation of seaweed is cost effective as it does not require seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, no freshwater and arable land. Sea vegetables can serve as bio filters by absorbing excess nutrients from aquatic ecosystems, thus promoting environmental sustainability in coastal aquatic system. To combat hunger, achieve food security and protect the environment, it is crucial to create public awareness on the health benefits and nutritional value of sea vegetables. More in-depth research and developments are required to commercialize, explore the diversity of sea vegetables, develop innovative culinary applications and establishment of quality and safety standards. The present review works highlights a comprehensive overview of seaweed diversity, nutritional composition, health benefits, diverse uses, cultivation methods and potential for developing processed products for food and agricultural industry.

Effect of tannic acid modification on antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, environmental stability and release characteristics of quercetin loaded zein-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles

The stability of quercetin remains a challenge for their application in industrial food production. In order to solve this shortcoming, zein-tannic acid covalent complex was prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of CN bond between zein and tannic acid. Quercetin loaded nanoparticles (QZTC) were prepared by zein-tannic acid complex and carboxymethyl chitosan by anti-solvent co-precipitation and pH migration method. The structure of the nanoparticles was characterized and the effects of tannic acid modification and carboxymethyl chitosan addition on the encapsulation efficiency, oxidation resistance, antibacterial property, environmental stability and microstructure of the nanoparticles were studied. The results showed that compared with zein nanoparticles, QZTC had higher encapsulation rate, smaller and more uniform spherical microstructure. Compared with free quercetin and the other two nanoparticles, QZTC showed higher light, heat, storage stability, antioxidant and antibacterial abilities (p < 0.05). It was also found that the improvement of stability mainly depended on the formation of CN covalent bond, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction between components. This study provides new ideas for improving the environmental stability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of quercetin and for developing nanoparticles that can be used in food processing.

CANNING PRODUCTION OF “ZHELRYBAˮ IN 1923–1929

The article is devoted to a little-studied topic – the canning production of “Zhelrybaˮ (abbreviation of the Russian words “ZHELeznaya dorogaˮ, railway, and “rybaˮ, fish). The source base is the materials of the periodical press of 1923-1929 and unpublished materials of the central and local (Murmansk) archives. The article attempts to identify the economic and technical features associated with the production of canned food of “Zhelrybaˮ enterprise. Based on extensive archival material, the specifics of canned food production at the enterprise associated with the colonisation of Kola Peninsula, the range of products produced, as well as economic indicators of the effectiveness of the canning production of the enterprise, are studied. Data on possible options for a different geographical location of the enterprise’s production facilities are provided, with an economic justification of the pros and cons of certain localities. The author concludes that “Zhelrybaˮ was able to start industrial production of high-quality canned food from scratch and at the same time contribute to the economic development of those areas where its production was located.

Development of tools for the genetic manipulation of Campylobacter and their application to the N-glycosylation system of Campylobacter hepaticus, an emerging pathogen of poultry.

Spotty liver disease (SLD) of layer chickens, caused by infection with Campylobacter hepaticus, is a significant economic and animal welfare burden on an important food production industry. Currently, SLD is controlled using antibiotics; however, alternative intervention methods are needed due to increased concerns associated with environmental contamination with antibiotics, and the development of antimicrobial resistance in many bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. This study has developed methods that have enabled the genetic manipulation of C. hepaticus. To validate the methods, the pglB gene was inactivated by allelic exchange to produce a C. hepaticus strain that could no longer N-glycosylate proteins. Subsequently, the mutation was complemented by reintroduction of the gene in trans, on a plasmid vector, to demonstrate that the phenotypic changes noted were caused by the mutation of the targeted gene. The tools developed enable ongoing studies to understand other virulence mechanisms of this important emerging pathogen.

From waste to wellness: a review on the harness of food industry by‐products for sustainable functional food production

SummaryThe production of functional foods has been on a consistent rise in the past few years. The increasing demand for these foods could play a pivotal role in addressing the escalating issue of food waste and in the creation of innovative food formulations. Utilising by‐products from the food industry has become commonplace due to their advantageous nutritional composition and functional properties. These by‐products retain richness in colour compounds, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, sugars, fibres, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. This abundance of elements can be harnessed to develop innovative food products. This review examines the potential of utilising food industry wastes for producing functional foods, focusing on residues from animal and vegetable origins; such residues find application in creating snacks, beverages, fermented foods, bakery items, dairy products, pasta, charcuterie, chocolate, flavouring agents, additives and culinary innovations. This study seeks to establish a sustainable strategy for minimising food waste disposal, fostering a bio‐based food production industry and enhancing overall sustainability by uncovering alternatives for novel, nutritious and value‐added food products.

Detection and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Fish Ponds of Rajshahi Region

The growth of aquaculture as a key food production industry, particularly in Bangladesh, has led to the increased use of various chemicals and drugs. This study focuses on the critical analysis of bacterial profiles in the waters of fish farming ponds in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh, a necessary step for disease management and addressing the public health issues related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The research found a significant presence of bacteria in these waters, with viable bacterial counts fluctuating from 3.0×10² to 4.2×10³ CFU/ml at a Tetracycline concentration of 32 µg/ml, and 0.5×10² to 1.8×10³ CFU/ml at 64 µg/ml. Using 16S rRNA gene analysis, we discerned a dozen distinct bacterial species spanning six genera that demonstrate resistance to tetracycline. These include Enterobacter asburiae, Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter gandensis, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Enterobacter hormaechei, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Bacillus altitudinis. The study underscores the critical need for preventive actions in fish farming to address these resistant bacteria and calls for comprehensive research to trace their origins and pathways of transmission. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of antibiotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems and its broader implications for public health. J. Bio-Sci. 32(2): 23-30, 2024