Food Efficiency Research Articles

Empirical Investigation on Food Inflation and Efficiency Issues in Indian Agri-futures Market

In early 2007, the Government of India (GoI) banned futures trading on some essential agro-commodities such as wheat, rice, and two varieties of lentils due to rising food inflation. However, futures trading in agri-commodities such as chana (chickpea), soy oil, rubber, and potato were temporarily suspended. Professor Abhijit Sen’s committee, constituted to study the relationship between futures trading and agricultural commodities inflation, did not find sufficient evidence of inflationary impact of futures trading in India due to too short period of commodity futures trading. Also, an efficient futures market is required for the producers, traders, and consumers to hedge their price risk. Thus, in this study, we analyze the market efficiency of agricultural futures market and the effect of futures trading on inflation with special reference to chana (chickpea) market in India. This study is for a time frame of 10 years from 2005–2014. The data on closing prices of chana in futures and spot markets and futures trading volume has been collected from National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, and chana wholesale price index (WPI) monthly data from Office of the Economic Adviser, GoI. The collected data is analyzed for efficiency using Johansen cointegration approach and vector error correction (VEC) restrictions and inflationary effect using Toda Yamamoto (TY) version of Granger causality test. From the results, we find that the spot and futures prices for chana are cointegrated and unbiased, that is, the chana (chickpea) futures market is efficient. But, the futures trading of chana has inflationary impact, that is, futures trading volume of chana affects chana WPI. This research has got direct implications for government and market participants. India is the largest consumer of chana (chickpea)—the third most important pulse crop produced in the world. Thus, the inflationary impact of chana futures trading is a matter of concern for GoI.

호텔 식음료(F&B) 매장의 효율성 측정 : L호텔 사례를 중심으로

호텔 식음료(F&B) 매장의 효율성 측정 : L호텔 사례를 중심으로

Plastic bag and facial cleanser derived microplastic do not affect feeding behaviour and energy reserves of terrestrial isopods

Current data regarding the effects of microplastic (MP) on terrestrial organisms are very scarce. Isopods play an important role in plant litter decomposition processes and are commonly used test species in terrestrial ecotoxicity studies. Their altered feeding behaviour and energy reserves are established biomarkers of adverse effects upon stressor exposure. For this study we assessed the effects of MP derived from plastic bag film (mean size 183±93μm) and particles from a facial cleanser (mean size 137±51μm) on the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio scaber. Isopods were exposed to MP via feeding on food pellets (4mgg−1 dry weight; 0.4% w w−1) for 14days under laboratory conditions. A control group was exposed to food pellets with no MP added. In line with previously suggested modes of MP action on animal ingestion, we assessed the food ingestion rate, defecation rate, food assimilation rate and efficiency, body mass change, mortality and energy reserves (proteins, carbohydrates, and triglycerides) in the digestive glands (hepatopancreas) of individual isopods. Contrary to our expectations, no effects on either end-point were observed under the given exposure conditions. Further work should be carried out to investigate the potential longer-term effects of such exposure. We conclude that 14days exposure to plastic bag and facial cleanser MP is not severely hazardous to isopods.

Efficiency of energy conversion and growth of gamma irradiated embryos and young seedlings of Triticum monococcum L. cultivar Einkorn

The study was conducted to determine whether the efficiency of energy conversion into growth can be used as an indicator for the determination of the optimal gamma irradiation dosage for mutation breeding. To meet this objective, embryo growth, shoot growth, root growth, mobilization of food reserves, respiration and energy conversion were studied in gamma-irradiated wheat Triticum monococcum L. cultivar Einkorn kernels. Kernels were exposed to 50, 150, 250 and 350 Gy and germinated. Kernels were collected 12 h after onset of imbibition and then every 12 h until 168 h. Irradiated seed demonstrated retardation in all parameters, which increased as the gamma irradiation dosage increased. For the most, dosage and time, as well as dosage by time interaction were highly significant. Root growth appeared to be the most sensitive to gamma irradiation, followed by shoot growth, mobilization of food reserves and efficiency of energy conversion. Full recovery of the efficiency of energy conversion took place at 50 Gy, with an increase in inefficiency with an increase in dosage. The point where full recovery of efficiency of energy conversion into growth gives way to incomplete recovery (100 Gy) is in line with the suggested dosages for practical mutation breeding in Triticum monococcum L. by the FAO/IAEA and is therefore an ideal indicator for predicting the dosage that will be optimal for plant mutation breeding.

THE EFFECT OF BISCUITS FORTIFIED WITH PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA) SEEDS POWDER AND ITS OIL ON FATTY LIVER IN ALBINO RATS

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of biscuits fortified with pumpkin (Cucurbita) seeds with 15% of powder and with 3% of oil on amitriptyline induced liver in experimental rats. Twenty male rats of Sprague Dawley strain (weighting 190±10 g) were classified in to four groups ( 5 rats each). The first group fed on standard diet, used as a negative control group (-ve). Fifteen rats were given amitriptyline (10 mg/Kg) as aqueous solutions that prepared extempore and administered in traperitoneally (i.p) to rats once daily for 14 days . They divided into three groups, positive control group (+ve) the other two groups treated 15% pumpkin seeds powder biscuits and 3% pumpkin seeds oil biscuits. for 8 weeks. Rats received amitriptyline only without any treatment showed remarkable increases in serum levels lipid proifil indicating the outset of fatty liver. Greater raises inactivates of AST and ALT levels in serum were observed in positive control rats compared with those in normal control group. Treatment with 15% pumpkin seeds powder biscuits and 3% pumpkin seeds oil biscuits decreased the levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) in serum linked with reduction in the activity of serum AST and ALT. Also the results observed in groups treatment with 15% pumpkin seeds powder biscuits and 3% pumpkin seeds oil biscuits showed remarkable increases in total antioxidants , Superoxide dismutase (SOD) , weight gain , food intake , food efficiency and HDL-c. Also decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) compared with positive control rats .These results suggest that biscuits fortified with both of pumpkin seeds powder and its oil can be used as health food with functional properties for treatment of fatty liver induced by amitriptyline. Key of words: Fatty liver - Lipid profile - Amitriptyline- Pumpkin seeds - Total antioxidants.

Determinants of efficiency in an industrial-scale anaerobic digestion food waste-to-biogas project in an Asian megacity based on data envelopment analysis and exploratory multivariate statistics

This paper aims to extract determinants of efficiency in an industrial-scale biogas project treating food waste in a major Asian megacity. The research involved a 4-step methodology combining statistical and operations research tools. The findings were as follows: (1) the project suffered from high variability and low performance across several important process parameters; (2) Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that approximately 40.51% of variability in the data could be explained by two principal components; (3) Data envelopment analysis (DEA) revealed that 47% of the decision making units (DMUs) were inefficient, and 73% of DMUs exhibited increasing returns to scale; (4) regression results showed that adjusted R2 values ranged between 0.913 and 0.996 for the models of DEA efficiency, and significant explanatory variables were extracted based on type III sum of squares. This research is significant in the biowaste-to-energy literature in that it provides a robust method for identifying process bottlenecks in industrial-scale anaerobic digestion of food waste.

Beneficial Effects of Common Bean on Adiposity and Lipid Metabolism.

In developed countries which are at the epicenter of the obesity pandemic, pulse crop consumption is well below recommended levels. In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled clinical trials, pulse consumption was associated with improved weight control and reduced adiposity, although the underlying mechanisms were a matter of speculation. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely consumed pulse crop and was the focus of this investigation. Using outbred genetic models of dietary induced obesity resistance and of dietary induced obesity sensitivity in the rat, the impact of bean consumption was investigated on the efficiency with which consumed food was converted to body mass (food efficiency ratio), body fat accumulation, adipocyte morphometrics, and patterns of protein expression associated with lipid metabolism. Cooked whole bean as well as a commercially prepared cooked bean powders were evaluated. While bean consumption did not affect food efficiency ratio, bean reduced visceral adiposity and adipocyte size in both obesity sensitive and resistant rats. In liver, bean consumption increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, which is the rate limiting step in long chain fatty acid oxidation and also resulted in lower levels of circulating triglycerides. Collectively, our results are consistent with the clinical finding that pulse consumption is anti-obesogenic and indicate that one mechanism by which cooked bean exerts its bioactivity is oxidation of long chain fatty acids.

Immune analysis of cry1Ab-genetically modified potato by in-silico analysis and animal model.

The safety of feeding transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum), resistant to the potato tuber moth, to Wistar rats was examined from an immunological perspective. The genetically modified potato (GMP) was harbouring cry1Ab and nptII genes as target and selectable marker genes, respectively. In-silico analysis reconfirmed that Cry1Ab and NPTII protein sequences have no significant homology to known toxins or known allergens. The Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 20% GMP or its parental control, non-GMP (NGMP), for 90days. The consumption of GMP food did not affect the growth rate, food intake, food efficiency, and general health status of the rats. There were no significant differences in the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IFN-γ between GMP and NGMP-fed rats. Based on such data, it is concluded that the transgenic potato had no adverse effect on immunity functions of Wistar rats.

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigated Food Intake and Growth of Rats Fed a Low-Protein Diet

BackgroundLow protein intake is associated with various negative health outcomes at any life stage. When diets do not contain sufficient protein, phosphorus availability is compromised because proteins are the major sources of phosphorus. However, whether mineral phosphorus supplementation mitigates this problem is unknown, to our knowledge. ObjectiveOur goal was to determine the impact of dietary phosphorus supplementation on food intake, weight gain, energy efficiency, body composition, blood metabolites, and liver histology in rats fed a low-protein diet for 9 wk. MethodsForty-nine 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups and consumed 5 isocaloric diets ad libitum that varied only in protein (egg white) and phosphorus concentrations for 9 wk. The control group received a 20% protein diet with 0.3% P (NP-0.3P). The 4 other groups were fed a low-protein (10%) diet with a phosphorus concentration of 0.015%, 0.056%, 0.1%, or 0.3% (LP-0.3P). The rats’ weight, body and liver composition, and plasma biomarkers were then assessed. ResultsThe addition of phosphorus to the low-protein diet significantly increased food intake, weight gain, and energy efficiency, which were similar among the groups that received 0.3% P (LP-0.3P and NP-0.3P) regardless of dietary protein content. In addition, phosphorus supplementation of low-protein diets reduced plasma urea nitrogen and increased total body protein content (defatted). Changes in food intake and efficiency, body weight and composition, and plasma urea concentration were highly pronounced at a dietary phosphorus content <0.1%, which may represent a critical threshold. ConclusionsThe addition of phosphorus to low-protein diets improved growth measures in rats, mainly as a result of enhanced energy efficiency. A dietary phosphorus concentration of 0.3% mitigated detrimental effects of low-protein diets on growth parameters.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery suppresses hypothalamic PTP1B protein level and alleviates leptin resistance in obese rats.

The present study aimed to explore the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression levels and leptin activity in hypothalami of obese rats. Obese rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) that underwent RYGB (n=11) or sham operation (SO, n=9), as well as an obese control cohort (Obese, n=10) and an additional normal-diet group (ND, n=10) were used. Food efficiency was measured at 8 weeks post-operation. Plasma leptin levels were evaluated and hypothalamic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) levels and leptin signaling activity were examined at the genetic and protein levels. The results indicated that food efficiency was typically lower in RYGB rats compared with that in the Obese and SO rats. In the RYGB group, leptin receptor expression and proopiomelanocortin was significantly higher, while Neuropeptide Y levels were lower than those in the Obese and SO groups. Furthermore, the gene and protein expression levels of PTP1B in the RYGB group were lower, while levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein were much higher compared with those in the Obese and SO groups. In conclusion, RYGB surgery significantly suppressed hypothalamic PTP1B protein expression. PTP1B regulation may partially alleviate leptin resistance.

Anti-Obesity Effect of the Above-Ground Part of Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice.

Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek (VD) has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of restlessness and sleeping disorders. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with VD. In this study, we first investigated the influences of VD on the accumulation of lipid content in 3T3-L1 cells; and the results showed that the above-ground VD extracts (VDAE) suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Thus, the effects of VDAE on preventing obesity were then studied in the C57BL/6N mice for 10 weeks (n = 6): normal-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) Garcinia combogia extract (positive control), and HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) VDAE. The results showed that VDAE reduced food efficiency ratio, body weight, epididymal adipose and hepatic tissue weight, hepatic lipid metabolites, and triacylglycerol and cholesterol serum levels compared to the high-fat diet group. Moreover, VD significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic genes, such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and aP2, and lipogenic genes, such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and CD36, in epididymal adipose tissue and hepatic tissue. These findings indicate anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of VDAE and suggest that it could be a potent functional food ingredient for the prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

RETENTION AND CHEWING EFFICIENCY OF TWO DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTIONS OF FOUR MINI-DENTAL IMPLANT IN MANDIBULAR IMPLANT RETAINED OVERDENTURES

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of two different distribution of four mini-dental implant retaining mandibular overdenture on it’s retention and patient chewing efficiency.Materials and methods: Twelve completely edentulous male patients were selected from department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Suez Canal University. Patients received maxillary complete dentures opposing implant retained mandibular overdentures with four mini dental implant .The patients were randomly classified into two equal groups according to mini dental implant’s distribution. Group I : in which patients received four mini dental implants placed equally in the intrforaminal region. GroupΙΙ : in which patients received four mini dental implants, in the canine and the first molar regions in each side of the arch Clinical evaluation A-Mandibular overdenture retention . A- digital forcemeter device was used to measure mandibular overdenture retention. B- Chewing efficiency (Masticatory performance) Six chewing efficiency records were made for each patient as follows: 3 times periods at (one, two & three) months for the two types of (hard& soft) food The data obtained were reported in the form of mean values of both the chewing times and number of chewing strokes. Then chewing velocity (stroke/sec) were calculated. These data were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that there was increase in mean values of chewing efficiency of hard and soft food for both groups in favor to group II with non statistical significant difference between both groups except after three months in masticatory performance. Also there was increase in mean values of mandibular overdenture retention for both groups in favor to group II with highly statistical significant difference during all observation periods at (p≤0.01).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that wide distribution of immediately loaded mini-dental implants used in mandibular overdentures through posterior placement beyond the interforaminal area results in favorable response in terms of increased denture retention. This positively reflected on the patient comfort with increased his self confidence and psychological acceptance consequently, improves oral function and chewing efficiency.

Isolation and Identification of Catechin by a New Method from Food Efficiency Stimulating Plant Alhagi camelorum

The present article describes a new developed method for the simultaneous determination of(+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2), separated via HPLC. The method has been validated and appliedon the real samples and 1 has been detected in both aerial and root parts of Alhagi camelorum without anyambiguity of fake positive or negative presence of 1 or 2 by virtue of dual detection system of UV andMass Spectrometry. The antioxidant capacity was also investigated and a linear correlation has been noticedbetween the antioxidant capacity and the catechin amount in A. camelorum extracts

Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng prevent obesity via regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice

In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mouse model was used to evaluate the dietary effect of saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (SLG), and to explore its mechanism of action in producing anti-obesity effects. The results indicate that SLG showed significant anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice, represented by decreased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as a reduction in overall body and liver weight, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and food efficiency, and inhibition of abnormal increases in acyl carnitine levels normally caused by an HFD. Additionally, the down-regulated expression of PPARγ, FAS, CD36, FATP2 and up-regulated expression of CPT-1, UCP-2, PPARα, HSL, and ATGL in liver tissue was induced by SLG. In addition, the SLG groups showed decreased PPARγ, aP2 and leptin mRNA levels and increased expression of PPARα, PGC-1α, UCP-1 and UCP-3 genes in adipose tissues, compared with the HFD group. In short, SLG may play a key role in producing anti-obesity effects in mice fed an HFD, and its mechanism may be related to regulation of thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis.

Ephedra-Treated Donor-Derived Gut Microbiota Transplantation Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

Changes in gut microbiota (GM) are closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes and so on. Several medicinal herbs, including Ephedra sinica (Es), have anti-obesity effects that ameliorate metabolic disorders. Therefore, in this study we evaluated whether Es maintains its anti-obesity effect through Es-altered gut microbiota (EsM) transplantation. GM was isolated from cecal contents of Es treated and untreated rats following repeated transplants into obese rats via oral gavage over three weeks. High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese rats transplanted with EsM lost significant body weight, epididymal fat, and perirenal fat weight, but no remarkable changes were observed in abdominal fat, liver, cecum weight and food efficiency ratio. In addition, treatment with EsM also significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance index. Meanwhile, EsM transplantation significantly reduced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Rats treated with EsM also showed changed GM composition, especially blautia, roseburia and clostridium, significantly reduced the level of endotoxin and markedly increased the acetic acid in feces. Overall, our results demonstrated that EsM ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders, like hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and is strongly associated with modulating the distribution of GM, enterogenous endotoxin and enteral acetic acid.

Efisiensi Biaya Pakan Melalui Pemanfaatan Rayap Pohon (Coptotermes sp.) dalam Pembesaran Ikan Mas Komet(Carassius auratus auratus)

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pertumbuhan relatif ikan mas komet dengan persentasi pakan rayap dan pelet, rasio konversi pakan dan efisiensi pakan dari masing-masing perlakuan, dan menganalisis biaya pakan yang dikonsumsi. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini menggunakan pakan rayap dan pelet dengan persentase yang berbeda. Perlakuan A = rayap 20% ; pelet 80%, B = rayap 40% ; pelet 60% dan C = rayap 60% ; pelet 40%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pakan rayap dan pelet memberikan pertumbuhan relatif yang lebih baik pada perlakuan A 0,42 gram, B 0,10 gram dan C 0,26 gram. Nilai FCR yang terbaik diperoleh oleh perlakuan A 2,04 diikuti oleh C 3,3 dan B 7,9. Begitu pula dengan nilai Efisiensi pakan nilai terbaik diperoleh oleh perlakuan A 51,6%, diikuti oleh C 29,58% dan B 11,02%. Nilai biaya pakan yang terendah didapat oleh perlakuan A Rp. 4.112,-, diikuti oleh C Rp. 4.496,- dan B Rp. 5.008,-. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan rayap pohon sebesar 20% dapat menjadi pakan komplementer dalam pembesaran ikan komet.

Low doses of insulin-like growth factor-I improve nitrogen retention and food efficiency in rats with early cirrhosis

Low doses of insulin-like growth factor-I improve nitrogen retention and food efficiency in rats with early cirrhosis

Improved growth performance, food efficiency, and lysine availability in growing rats fed with lysine-biofortified rice

Rice is an excellent source of protein, and has an adequate balance of amino acids with the exception of the essential amino acid lysine. By using a combined enhancement of lysine synthesis and suppression of its catabolism, we had produced two transgenic rice lines HFL1 and HFL2 (High Free Lysine) containing high concentration of free lysine. In this study, a 70-day rat feeding study was conducted to assess the nutritional value of two transgenic lines as compared with either their wild type (WT) or the WT rice supplemented with different concentrations of L-lysine. The results revealed that animal performance, including body weight, food intake, and food efficiency, was greater in the HFL groups than in the WT group. Moreover, the HFL diets had increased protein apparent digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, and lysine availability than the WT diet. Based on the linear relationship between dietary L-lysine concentrations and animal performance, it indicated that the biological indexes of the HFL groups were similar or better than that of the WT20 group, which was supplemented with L-lysine concentrations similar to those present in the HFL diets. Therefore, lysine-biofortified rice contributed to improved growth performance, food efficiency, and lysine availability in growing rats.

Muscle Specific Overexpression PGC-1α1 Promotes Exercise Adaptations During Western Diet Regardless Of Exercise Volume

Obesity and its associated comorbidities remain the pivotal public health concern of the 21st century. One interest in the development of insulin resistance is the degeneration and dysfunction of skeletal muscle mitochondria. PGC-1α1, the principle regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis has been proposed as a possible therapeutic target to alleviate lipid overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Yet current data remain controversial on the efficacy of artificially promoting PGC-1α1 as a therapeutic modality. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of genetic overexpression of PGC-1α1 alone and in combination with physical activity as a therapeutic agent during lipid overload. METHODS: wild type (WT, ~20) mice and mice with muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α1 (MCK-PGC-1α, ~20) were given Western Diet (WD) at 8 wks of age and allowed to consume food ab libitum throughout the course of the study. At 12 wks of age, animals were further divided into sedentary (SED) and physical activity (voluntary wheel running [VWR]) interventions. At ages 7, 11, and 15 wks animals underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT). At 16 wks of age animals were humanely euthanized and tissues collected for analysis. Results were analyzed by 2X2X3 repeated measures ANOVA with an α=0.05. RESULTS: MCK-PGC-1α animals were lighter and had less epididymal fat compared to WT (~6% and ~28% respectively). Food efficiency (weight gained:food consumed) was ~17% lower in MCK-PGC-1α animals. While there was no difference at 7 wks age, at 11 wks age MCK-PGC-1α had ~50% greater GTT integrated area under the curve (IAUC) compared to WT. Yet at 15 wks, VWR had 30% lower IAUC compared to SED, regardless of genotype. MCK-PGC-1α -VWR ran ~3X more per day compared to WT-VWR. Correlations for wheel running distance per day v. IAUC, body weight, and epididymal fat were significant and moderately strong (r=-0.67--0.71) for WT-VWR, but in MCK-PGC-1α there was no correlation between these variables and wheel running distance per day (r=0.10-0.20). CONCLUSION: These results suggest increasing PGC-1α1 promotes exercise-induced adaptations regardless of exercise volume, but overexpression of PGC-1α1 during lipid overload without physical activity does not mitigate insulin resistance and may in fact exacerbate the condition.

Subchronic feeding study of high-free-lysine transgenic rice in Sprague-Dawley rats

Lysine is considered to be the first essential amino acid in rice. An elite High-Free-Lysine transgenic line HFL1 was previously produced by metabolic engineering to regulate lysine metabolism. In this study, a 90-day toxicology experiment was undertaken to investigate the potential health effect of feeding different doses of HFL1 rice to Sprague-Dawley rats. During the trial, body weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency were recorded, and no adverse effect was observed in rats fed transgenic (T) rice diets compared with non-transgenic (N) or control diets. At both midterm and final assessments, hematological parameters and serum chemistry were measured, and organ weights and histopathology were examined at the end of the trial. There was no diet-related difference in most hematological or serum chemistry parameters or organ weights between rats fed the T diets and those fed the N or control diets. Some parameters were found to differ between T groups and their corresponding N and/or control groups, but no adverse histological effect was observed. Taken together, the data from the current trial demonstrates that high lysine transgenic rice led to no adverse effect in Sprague-Dawley rats given a diet containing up to 70% HFL1 rice in 90 days.