Diverse Food Research Articles

Interfacial and foaming properties of soluble lupin protein isolates: Effect of pH

Lupins are rich in proteins (∼40%) and fibers (∼40%), and have been widely used for animal feed, but limitedly for human consumption due to the presence of alkaloids. Due to their high protein content, lupins have a high potential to be used as protein sources in diverse food manufacturing processes, including emulsion and foam stabilization. However, the interfacial properties of lupin protein isolates (LPI), especially their performance at different pH values, are not well understood so far. Here, we systematically investigated the air-water interfacial and foaming properties of the soluble fraction of LPI at pH 7.0, pH 6.0, pH 4.0, and pH 3.5. We observed that LPI at pH 4.0 (LPI-4) and pH 3.5 (LPI-3.5) adsorbed faster at the air-water interface than at pH 7.0 (LPI-7) and pH 6.0 (LPI-6) due to a smaller particle size and higher surface hydrophobicity of LPI-4 and LPI-3.5. This resulted in a higher foam overrun of LPI-4 and LPI-3.5 (300% and 331%, respectively). The air-water interfaces formed by LPI at different pH values were dramatically different in terms of interfacial structure and mechanical properties. LPI-4 and LPI-3.5 formed stiff and solid-like interfaces, leading to higher foam stability. In contrast, for LPI-7 there were clearly more protein aggregates at the interface, and this structure was weaker and less stretchable in response to shear and dilatational deformation, causing lower foam stability. LPI-6 also showed weaker air-water interfaces and thus formed less stable foams. Overall, LPI at acid pH (3.5 and 4) has a better performance in foam stabilization than at a pH close to neutral (6 and 7). Our results suggest that LPI can be potentially used as a plant-based clean-label additive in the production of foam-based food products in acidic environments.

Effect of the Proportion of Rice Flour; Modified White Corn Flour (Zea mays L) and Addition of Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) to Vermicelli Characteristics

Vermicelli, a form of food diversification from rice, was investigated in this study using modified rice flour and white corn flour (Zea mays L). The modification of white corn flour, employing the BIMO-CF starter containing various lactic acid bacteria, aimed to increase amylose levels. Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) was added to improve the vermicelli's physical properties, including stickiness, color, hardness, and chewiness. A 2-factor Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two replicates was utilized. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level, followed by a DMRT 5% post-hoc test if significant effects were observed. Results demonstrated significant interactions between the proportions of rice flour, modified white corn flour, and STPP on vermicelli’s water content, ash content, protein content, starch content, amylose content, elasticity, and rehydration power. The optimal treatment was a combination of rice flour and modified white corn flour in a 50:50 ratio with 0.3% STPP, resulting in vermicelli with 8.65% water content, 0.72% ash content, 5.60% protein content, 52.5% elasticity, 127.5% rehydration power, and average sensory scores of 4.04 for color, 4.20 for aroma, 3.88 for taste, and 4.16 for texture, indicating favorable consumer acceptance.

Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar

The nutritional status of school children is important for their growth, development, and overall well-being. Poor nutritional status of the school children can have a huge impact not only in the short term but also for their long lives. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status and its associated factors among adolescent school children in Pyin Oo Lwin Township, Mandalay Region. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2023 among 202 school children in public schools of Pyin Oo Lwin Township by simple random sampling method using face-to-face interviews with pretested structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measures were taken, and nutritional indicators were calculated using the WHO Anthro Plus software. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to find the associated factors of nutritional status. Among 202 students, aged between 14 and 18 years, 83.7% had normal nutritional status while the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity were 12.4%, 3%, and 1%. Most of the school adolescents had a high knowledge level (80.7%), and 77.2% had adequate dietary diversity. According to multivariable analysis, dietary diversity was the major influencing factor on malnutrition of the school children. The students with an adequate dietary diversity score were 70% less likely to be malnourished compared to those with an inadequate diversity score [AOR= 0.30, 95%CI = (0.13, 0.67), p-value=0.003]. Therefore, the study would like to recommend promoting nutrition education specifically on diverse food consumption to achieve a balanced diet and prevent malnutrition among the students.

In vivo measurement of strain in the periodontal space of pig (Sus scrofa) incisors using in-fiber Bragg sensors.

The incisor teeth in pigs, Sus scrofa, function in association with a disc-shaped snout to explore the environment for potential food. Understanding how mechanical loading applied to the tooth deforms the periodontal ligament (PDL) is important to determining the role of periodontal mechanoreceptors during food exploration and feeding. The objective of this study was to use fiber Bragg (FBG) sensors to measure strain in vivo within the PDL space of pig incisors. The central mandibular incisors of pigs underwent spring loaded lingual tipping during FBG strain recording within the labial periodontal space. FBG sensors were placed within the periodontal space of the central mandibular incisors of ~2-3-month-old farm pigs. The magnitude and orientation of spring loads are expected to mimic incisor contact with food. During incisor tipping with load calibrated springs, FBG strains in vitro (N = 6) and in vivo (N = 6) recorded at comparable load levels overlapped in range (-10-20 με). Linear regressions between peak FBG strains, that is, the highest recorded strain value, and baseline strains, that is, strain without applied spring load, were significant across all in vivo experiments (peak strain at 200 g vs. baseline, p = .04; peak strain at 2000 g vs. baseline p = .03; peak strain at 2000 g vs. 200 g, p = .004). These linear relationships indicate that on a per experiment basis, the maximum measured strain at different spring loads showed predictable differences. A Friedman test of the absolute value of peak strain confirmed the significant increase in strain between baseline, 200 g, and 2000 g spring activation (p = .02). Mainly compressive strains were recorded in the labial PDL space and increases in spring load applied in vivo generated increases in FBG strain measurements. These results demonstrate the capacity for FBG sensors to be used in vivo to assess transmission of occlusal loads through the periodontium. PDL strain is associated with mechanoreceptor stimulation and is expected to affect the functional morphology of the incisors. The overall low levels of strain observed may correspond with the robust functional morphology of pig incisors and the tendency for pigs to encounter diverse foods and substrates during food exploration.

Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Bat Species with Different Feeding Habits.

Bats are a diverse and ecologically important group of mammals that exhibit remarkable diversity in their feeding habits. These diverse feeding habits are thought to be reflected in the composition and function of their gut microbiota, which plays important roles in nutrient acquisition, immune function, and overall health. Despite the rich biodiversity of bat species in South America, there is a lack of microbiome studies focusing on bats from this region. Such studies could offer major insights into conservation efforts and the preservation of biodiversity in South America. In this work, we aimed to compare the gut microbiota of four bat species with different feeding habits from Southern Brazil, including nectarivorous, frugivorous, insectivorous, and hematophagous bats. Our findings demonstrate that feeding habits can have a significant impact on the diversity and composition of bat gut microbiotas, with each species exhibiting unique metabolic potentials related to their dietary niches. In addition, the identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria suggests that the carriage of microbial pathogens by bats may vary, depending on feeding habits and host-specific factors. These findings provide novel insights into the relationship between bat feeding habits and gut microbiota composition, highlighting the need to promote diverse habitats and food sources to support these ecologically important species.

Optimizing Food Diversification through Learning from Successful Implementation in Indonesia

This study examines the implementation of food consumption diversification policies in Sidoarjo district, using George C. Edwards III's theory on communication and bureaucratic structure. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research utilizes primary data from field surveys and interviews, and secondary data from official sources. The findings show that 14 out of 18 sub-districts successfully implemented these policies, leading to improved and diverse food consumption patterns as measured by the Food Hope Pattern (PPH) score. Effective communication, adequate resources, strong commitment, and structured bureaucracy were key to this success. The study highlights the importance of these factors in enhancing food security and nutritional outcomes at the local level. Highlights: Effective Communication: Essential for policy success in 14 sub-districts. Resource Adequacy: Crucial human, financial, and facility resources. Structured Bureaucracy: Clear roles and processes enhance outcomes. Keywords: food diversification, food security, Sidoarjo, implementation, qualitative research

Green DES based microextraction method for monitoring brilliant black BN (E151) in diverse food matrices

A green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based microextraction method was established for separation and spectrophotometric determination of E151 in food matrices. DES composed of tetra pentyl ammonium bromide and 1-octanol (1:5) was used. Important analytical microextraction parameters including pH, volume of DES and time of vortex mixing were optimized using Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology. The other variables including composition ratio of DES and sample volume were optimized by one variable at a time optimization process. The method exhibited linear behaviour for E151 having concentration range between 132–12000 µg/L with 30 preconcentration factor. The relative standard deviation, detection limit and quantitation limit were determined to be 5 %, 40 and 132 µg/L, respectively. The scores of analytical greenness and applicability for the method were determined to be 0.69 and 62.5, respectively. pK values of E151 were determined. Extraction mechanisms of E151 were elucidated. The method was applied to foodstuffs and water samples to determine their E151 contents by analyte addition recovery tests with recovery values ranging between 94–103 %.

Food Security, Food Sovereignty, and Urban Agriculture in Cuba

In the last thirty years, Cuba and its capital Havana have become homes to one of the most vibrant urban agricultural movements in the world. This article argues that urban agriculture (UA) became the epitome of a broader movement of “agricultural revolution” that followed the collapse of the previous, capital intensive, monocultural agro-export model. It contends that this transformation revolved around three pillars – land redistribution, agricultural diversification, and agroecology – that account for a transition from food security to food sovereignty. It also presents the results of interviews conducted in Havana with urban farmers to assess the impact that UA has on their family’s diet and food security. The research demonstrates that UA guarantees a heightened feeling of independence to urban farmers and has a tremendous impact on their food security and diversity, most notably through autoconsumption. It also shows that community needs, use value, and the decommodification of food and land are the driving principles of UA in Cuba, which is in line with the food sovereignty model.

Toward a More Diverse and Equitable Food Distribution System: Amplifying Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Food Bank Operations

This article provides an evidence-based discussion of an ongoing effort within the operations of hunger relief organizations to address diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) by sourcing and distributing more culturally relevant food. Through nearly 100 interviews with food bank personnel in diverse roles (from partner agency relations to executives) representing various regions of the United States, we explore the challenges faced by different functional units within the organization. These interviews indicate a shift to more inclusive language, more personalized metrics, and more inclusive operations. We critically analyze the related literature and identify opportunities for infusing DEI practices in the study of hunger relief supply chains.

Contribution of Millets in food and nutritional security to human being: Current status and future perspectives

Globally food and nutrition insecurity remain a serious challenge however the situation is more sever to the groups of people living under marginal and disadvantaged society. The causes of food and nutrition insecurity are multifaceted and complex, and influenced by a range of factors including high poverty, natural resource degradation, climate change, low level of market development, uncertain food support, and inadequate policy and institutional support. Considering the acute shortage of food and nutrition facing by global population, strengthening food and nutritional security is crucial in order to feed the ever-growing world population. One of the promising approaches of promoting millets, which requires low external inputs, a novel candidate for nutrients and adapted to thrive in harsh and dry environment. These crops play an important role in global food and nutrition security, and may have potential to contribute to sustainable food systems under changing climatic conditions. Keeping in view the importance of the millets in diversifying diet as well as a source of rich nutrition, we conducted an analysis by reviewing the research articles/reports/books as well as online databases to identify the prospects of millets crops crucial for continuous supply of food and nutrition, traditionally managed genetic resources for future crop improvement and making agricultural system resilient under changing climatic conditions. Evidences suggested from the meta-analysis that as a product of generations of agricultural landrace, there are range of millet crops are rich in nutrients, resilient, and adapted to location specific agricultural environments. Such millet crops in the existing cropping systems could support diverse food systems and nutrient suppliers and represent a broad gene pool to improving crops with suitable genetic interventions in the future. The study advocates for advancement in genomics coupled with molecular breeding for improving the genetic potential of millet crops and open avenues for developing sustainable food systems. The study also emphasis on developing strategies and roadmap for future research engagement and a policy interface to facilitate conservation and management of traditional landraces and associated indigenous knowledge of cultivation and consumption while adopting sustainable production of millet crops under marginal environmental conditions.

Pollination and pollen plant diversity by Apis cerana cerana during olive flowering based on DNA metabarcoding

AbstractTo understand the role of Apis cerana cerana in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) pollination, pollinators and pollen carried by bees were collected from 11 experimental plots during the flowering period. The abundance and diversity of pollen plant species were investigated using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 583 pollinators were collected and A. cerana cerana accounts for 46.83%. Further analysis revealed a total of 56 families, 136 genera and 195 plant species in bee pollens. O. europaea is the dominant species accounting for 42.02 ± 34.89% and then followed by Sedum japonicum (8.70 ± 16.42%). Diversity index showed that the abundance and diversity of pollen plant species were the highest in Wanzhou (WZ) and lowest in Hechuan (HC). This suggests that Wanzhou sample plot has a greater abundance of plant species to supplement the bee diet. Excessive presence of miscellaneous flowering plants in olive plantations can distract bees from collecting olive tree pollens. Therefore, their abundances can be reduced appropriately while ensuring food diversity for the bees. Based on the abundance of plants in pollens, we recommend that appropriately planting of S. japonicum, Youngia japonica and Vicia villosa in olive plantations with fewer flowering plants could be an effective supplement of bee food. Our results not only contribute to future studies on olive tree pollination but also provide new ideas for enriching flowering plants in or around olive plantations.

Ethnobotanical insights into the traditional food plants of the Baiku Yao community: a study of cultural significance, utilization, and conservation

BackgroundThe Baiku Yao, primarily residing in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces of China, is a distinctive branch of the Yao ethnic group, known for their profound cultural preservation and unique ethnobotanical knowledge. This study investigates the Baiku Yao community’s utilization of traditional food plants, focusing on the relationship between their dietary practices and the local biodiversity within their mountainous living environment. It aims to illuminate the cultural significance and survival strategies embedded in their ethnobotanical knowledge, highlighting the potential for sustainable living and biodiversity conservation.MethodsThrough ethnobotanical surveys, key informant interviews, and quantitative analysis techniques such as the cultural food significance index (CFSI) and relative frequency of citations (RFC), this research systematically documents the diversity and cultural importance of edible plants in the Baiku Yao community. The study assesses how these plants contribute to the community’s diet, traditional medicine, and overall cultural practices.ResultsA total of 195 traditional edible plants were documented, belonging to 142 genera and 68 families, with a significant concentration in certain families such as Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae. The Baiku Yao diet prominently features herbaceous plants, with wild (103 species) and cultivated (89 species) varieties as diverse food sources. They utilize various plant parts, particularly fruits and leaves, for multiple purposes, including nutrition, medicine, and fodder. Their processing techniques, from raw to fermented, showcase a rich culinary tradition and emphasize a holistic use of plants for enhancing diet and health in a concise overview. The RFC and CFSI analyses reveal a deep cultural reliance on a variety of plant species, with a notable emphasis on vegetables, fruits, spices, and medicinal herbs. Specific plants like Zingiber officinale, Zea mays, and Oryza sativa were highlighted for their high cultural significance. The study also uncovers the multifunctional use of these plants, not only as food but also for medicinal purposes, fodder, and other cultural applications, reflecting the Baiku Yao’s profound ecological wisdom and their harmonious coexistence with nature.ConclusionThe findings emphasize the rich ethnobotanical knowledge possessed by the Baiku Yao, underscoring the importance of documenting, safeguarding, and transmitting this invaluable traditional knowledge. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural heritage and biodiversity conservation, advocating for concerted efforts to protect such traditional practices against the threats of modernization and cultural erosion.

Exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among Nigerian adults: a cross-sectional study

Background/ObjectiveNo previous study has investigated the association between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity risk among adults in Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity among adult age 18 and above in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria.Methods and study designsA total of 1003 adults were included in this cross-sectional study (males = 558; females = 445). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip (WHR) were used to assess general and abdominal obesity respectively and they were categorized using WHO recommendation. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations of dietary patterns with BMI and WHR. Prevalence ratio between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity were calculated using Robust Poisson Regression.ResultsThe prevalence of general obesity among adults was 15.9%, (11.6% among men and 20.2% among women); abdominal obesity was 32.3% (28.9% among males and 44.5% among females). Four dietary patterns were identified; diversified traditional pattern; typical traditional pattern; milk and bread pattern and egg and fish pattern. Diversified traditional pattern was negatively associated with BMI (PR = 0.571, 95%CI: 0.360 ~ 0.905, p = 0.017), and typical traditional pattern was positively associated with BMI (PR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.043 ~ 2.339, p = 0.031) and WHR in females (PR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.005). In comparison to those in the lowest quartile, adults with the highest quartile of the typical traditional pattern had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (PR = 1.849, 95%CI = 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.020).ConclusionThis study reports an alarming increase in Obesity prevalence among Nigeria adults which is greatly influence by their lifestyle and eating pattern. We found out that a typical traditional food pattern was associated with a higher risk of both general and abdominal obesity, but a diverse traditional food pattern was associated to a reduced risk of general obesity.

Vivre avec le syndrome d’entérocolite induite par les protéines alimentaires (SEIPA) : impact sur la qualité de vie des patients et de leurs familles

The food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy, often underdiagnosed despite an increasing prevalence. This study aims to assess the impact of FPIES on the quality of life and identify risk factors for psychosocial distress. We collected data from a cohort of 48 pediatric patients with FPIES, recruited by private and hospital allergists through telephone interviews with families. Quality of life, assessed through QUALIN and Peds QL questionnaires, is generally preserved, but psychopathological aspects and sociability are affected. Parental concerns are significant, with 61% experiencing anxiety during the food diversification period. Regarding emotional well-being, 85% of parents express concerns, while FPIES induces stress in 75% of them. Family activity limitations affect 62% of families. FPIES impacts the social life of children (54%) and has a significant financial impact on 57% of families. Negative influences on quality of life include a history of hospitalization, the number of emergency room visits for FPIES, cow's milk as a triggering food, and FPIES to multiple foods. These results emphasize the importance of considering psychosocial dimensions in the overall management of FPIES.

Exploring the Genetic Wealth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): A Comprehensive Review on Its Products and By-Products

Sunflower stands out as a significant oilseed crop, pivotal not only in the production of edible oil and biofuels but also in the formulation of nutritious animal feed. Particularly noteworthy are the diverse opportunities presented by sunflower by-products. From the nutrient-rich sunflower oil cake to the versatile sunflower wax utilized in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, the potential applications are manifold. Additionally, the burgeoning interest in sunflower-derived biofuels as sustainable alternatives to conventional energy sources highlights the crop's growing importance in modern agriculture. However, to meet the evolving demands sustainably, an in-depth analysis of sunflower cultivation practices and nutrient management strategies for optimal productivity is imperative. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sunflower cultivation techniques, processing methods, and avenues for value addition across various sectors. Renowned for its vibrant flowers and seeds brimming with high-quality oil, sunflower holds a significant economic value. Its oil, rich in beneficial unsaturated fatty acids and essential vitamins, has garnered acclaim for its health benefits, including cholesterol reduction and cardiovascular health promotion. Thriving primarily in warm climates and exhibiting resilience to drought conditions, sunflowers have witnessed a surge in demand for their sprouts, roasted seeds, oil, and even agricultural tourism ventures. With sunflower seeds and oil serving as essential components in integrated production systems, the scope for creating diverse food and non-food products continues to expand. By offering this comprehensive synthesis, this review aims to guide stakeholders towards maximizing the utilization of sunflowers across multiple domains.

FOOD CLASSIFICATION AND CALORIE ESTIMATION USING CNN

This research paper explores the transformative impact of deep learning methodologies in the domains of food image recognition, classification, and calorie estimation. By utilizing the convergence of machine learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the study tackles the growing concerns surrounding obesity and health difficulties, highlighting the need for creative methods of nutritional monitoring. Motivated by challenges in fruit classification and the limitations of traditional methods, the research progressively shifts towards efficient and accurate image-based approaches, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of CNNs. The methodology focuses on machine learning-based approaches for food calorie estimation, with a specific emphasis on parameter-optimized lightweight CNN models utilizing TensorFlow's Object Detection API and CNN. The results showcase impressive accuracy levels, often exceeding 90%, across diverse food items, albeit with persistent challenges such as limited datasets, computational costs, and real-world application constraints. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of deep learning in fostering healthier lifestyles, combating obesity, and providing valuable insights for dietary guidance and health management. Further research is recommended to enhance dataset representativeness and optimize model generalization for broader practical applicability Keywords: Calorie estimation, Classification, Convolutional neural network, Object detection.

SURVEY ON FOOD CLASSIFICATION AND CALORIE ESTIMATION USING CNN

This research paper explores the transformative impact of deep learning methodologies in the domains of food image recognition, classification, and calorie estimation. By utilizing the convergence of machine learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the study tackles the growing concerns surrounding obesity and health difficulties, highlighting the need for creative methods of nutritional monitoring. Motivated by challenges in fruit classification and the limitations of traditional methods, the research progressively shifts towards efficient and accurate image-based approaches, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of CNNs. The methodology focuses on machine learning-based approaches for food calorie estimation, with a specific emphasis on parameter-optimized lightweight CNN models utilizing TensorFlow's Object Detection API and Mask R-CNN. The results showcase impressive accuracy levels, often exceeding 90%, across diverse food items, albeit with persistent challenges such as limited datasets, computational costs, and real-world application constraints. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of deep learning in fostering healthier lifestyles, combating obesity, and providing valuable insights for dietary guidance and health management. Further research is recommended to enhance dataset representativeness and optimize model generalization for broader practical applicability Keywords: Calorie estimation, Classification, Convolutional neural network, Object detection.

Nutrition policy or price stabilisation policy: which policy is more effective for nutrition outcomes?

BackgroundMalnutrition remains a global problem and is increasing with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Madagascar, half of the children under five years of age suffer from stunting. However, since 2006, vitamin A supplementation campaigns, deworming and free vaccinations have been implemented within the framework of the Mother and Child Health Week (MCHW) to strengthen the fight against micronutrient deficiencies and reduce mortality. On the other hand, rice, the staple food of the Malagasy population, can provide some of the micronutrients necessary for good nutrition. However, the country’s rice production is still insufficient, and the price has been rising steadily in recent years. This has led the government to resort to the policy of stabilizing rice prices through imported rice in 2017 and 2018. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse the effects of these policies on the prevalence of malnutrition among children under five years of age in Madagascar. Which policy would be more effective: the nutrition policy or the price stabilisation policy?MethodsData from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2018 are used, and logistic regressions for the analysis of the effects of nutrition policies on nutrition outcomes are performed. For the effect of price stabilisation policy, panel data on 22 regions of Madagascar from 2016 to 2019 are considered, and a fixed effect model is used.ResultsWe found that the effects of the nutrition policy are not immediately visible. Only participation in the 2016 MCHW contributes to a lower probability of malnutrition occurrence. The odds ratios of the effects of this participation on stunting are 0.69 (p-value: 0.05); on underweight: 0.70 (p-value < 0.01); and on wasting: 0.57 (p-value < 0.01). However, the participation rate remains very low. Then, there is no effect of the rice price stabilization policy on nutrition outcomes (0.00; p-value = 0.11).ConclusionsPrice stabilisation policy is not sufficient to fight against malnutrition, due to a lack of food diversification. These results suggest the need for a policy to ensure nutritional intake and to sensitize the population to participate in the MCHW.Trial registrationNot applicable.

FROM MOBILIZATION TO POLITICIZATION: UNDERSTANDING POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF COMMUNITY-BASED URBAN FOOD SECURITY POLICY IN CITY OF MAKASSAR

Since decentralization was reinforced in 1999, local politicians have exploited local policies to enhance their popularity and electability. In this study, I describe the implementation of a food security policy to demonstrate how the local arena had undergone massive political dynamics through unintegrated food governance demonstrated by local governments in Makassar City. This article aims to analyze the dynamic of urban food policy implemented by the municipality from 2013 to 2023. A qualitative approach had been employed through a case study of the implementation of food security policy. Data were collected by snowball method to eminent informants. Also, focus group discussions were employed in certain community groups. This study found that food policy in Makassar City during the study period had shown a political mobilization rather than a pure food security policy to help the community. In the policy planning, the failure was found in the limited technical analysis. The people who dwell in this city were not prepared for agricultural activities, including planting, maintaining the plants, and soil treatment. Also, the typical vegetables that were planted were not suitable for the climatic characteristics of this city. This study also found that media framing was massively exploited to escalate the positive framing of the ‘inclusivity’ of the leadership and attract the people to engage beyond food diversification. On the other side, as this policy was funded through a discretionary approach, massive negative sentiment had emerged, particularly from the legislative. They felt like an abandoned partner. Consequently, the government should create an alternative mechanism through shadow bureaucrats, designed by the mayor.

Seaweed nori (Kappapycus alvarezi) physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics with moringa leaf fortification (Moringa oleifera LAM)

Nori was a product made from seaweed which contained fiber and bioactive substances even though it had low antioxidants. The solution was needed to increase antioxidants from Nori products was food diversification with the addition of Moringa leaves which contained high antioxidant activity. Identifying the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the nori seaweed (Kappapycus alvarezi) with the fortification of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves was the aim of this research. The addition of Kappapycus alvarezi seaweed pulp and Moringa leaf pulp was compared in this study's single-factor randomized design (CRD) four treatments: (K0=100%:0% kontrol), (K1=90%:10%), (K2=80%:20), (K3=70%:30%). The data were evaluated using statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan Multiple Range Test was used if there was a significant result (p0.05) for each treatment (DMRT). The results showed that Kappapycus alvarezi nori seaweed with fortified Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) had an effect on physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, and could increase the nutritional value of nori, which had an antioxidant activity value of 59.921ppm, total phenol of 252.527%, the water content of 18.030%, Fiber content of 18.637%, thickness test of 0.20 mm, tensile strength/tear strength of 0.541MPa, hydration test of 24.446%. The organoleptic values consist of color at 5.83, aroma at 4.87, taste at 5.03, and texture at 5.53. The impact of this research was to produce products that contained good bioactive substances and antioxidants.