Food Delivery Applications Research Articles

Fabrication of stable oleogel-in-water nanoemulsions with ethyl cellulose nanoparticles

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are liquid-based nanosized colloidal systems offering advantages (superior kinetic stability and rheology) compared to macro- and microemulsions. However, stabilization of these emulsions is difficult, since the small droplet sizes in NEs present large surface area-to-volume ratios. Thus, they need to be stabilized by superb emulsifiers to maintain stability. Herein, we report the construction of novel oleogel-in-water NEs with excellent stability against coalescence and phase separation. To do this, nanoparticles (NPs), based on ethylcellulose (EC), were first prepared, and then NEs were made using EC oleogel as the oil phase, ECNPs solution as the water phase, and tween-80 (TW80) as the surfactant. It was observed that NE stabilized by ECNPs, EC oleogel, and TW80 had a significantly lower particle size (201.86±1.57 nm), polydispersity index (0.13±0.06), with no phase separation over 30 days of storage as well as a higher zeta potential (-79.68±1.36 mV), and complex modulus (21441.80±418.21 kPa), as compared to the control NE (stabilized only by TW80). According to the findings, the developed NE has the potential for food and drug delivery applications.

SWOT ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES FOR ONLINE FOOD BUSINESS VIA DIGITAL MARKETING

Cencan Food, as an online food business that serves chicken dishes, snacks, and modern drinks, faces challenges in maintaining competitiveness in the increasingly competitive online food industry. This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) faced by Cencan Food, as well as formulate the right strategy to build competitive advantage through digital marketing. The SWOT analysis identified several key strengths of Cencan Food, such as the ability to adopt new technologies and the appeal of its products to various customer segments. However, several weaknesses found were inconsistencies in product quality and limitations in marketing resources. Key opportunities that can be utilized include increasing the use of social media and food delivery applications, while threats faced include intense competition and healthier food trends. The proposed strategies include menu diversification and implementation of a quality control system. Cencan Food can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for responsible consumption and production by prioritizing the use of sustainable raw materials and reducing food waste. Through this approach, Cencan Food is expected to strengthen its position in the market and achieve sustainable business growth. This study provides important insights for online food businesses in facing market challenges and taking advantage of digitalization opportunities.

Developing and Validating the Measurement Model for Technology Acceptance Factors of Online Food Delivery Applications (OFDA) Usage Constructs in Sarawak Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

Developing and Validating the Measurement Model for Technology Acceptance Factors of Online Food Delivery Applications (OFDA) Usage Constructs in Sarawak Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)

Investigating the Moderating Effect of Age, Gender, and an Experience in the Relationship between Behavioural Intention to Use and Usage of Online Food Delivery Applications (OFDA) in Sarawak

Investigating the Moderating Effect of Age, Gender, and an Experience in the Relationship between Behavioural Intention to Use and Usage of Online Food Delivery Applications (OFDA) in Sarawak

Factors influencing Customers’ Decisions to Use Online Food Delivery Services in Muscat, Oman

Purpose: This study examines the factors that influence customers’ choice of online food delivery services and assesses customer experience with the quality of e-services, personal characteristics of delivery staff, and perceived food quality. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a quantitative approach and adopted an explorative research design employing a snowball sampling technique and collected the data using a questionnaire. The sample size in this study was 163. The Gretel program was used to extract questionnaire data with greater accuracy and statistical analyses like percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, ranking, and Correlation measures were used to analyze the data. Findings: Talabat was the most popular online food delivery service in Muscat. The results of the study revealed that the three primary factors that drive customers to place online food orders are affordability, variety, and excellent cuisine. Every respondent places at least one online food order every month, and the majority place three or more orders, primarily using a mobile device. Furthermore, the professional behaviour of the delivery staff, food quality, and website design affect consumer satisfaction. However, there is a weak positive correlation between timely delivery and customer satisfaction. Most of the respondents responded that they would order food again because of their pleasant experiences. Research limitations/implications: To attract more clients, food delivery services can boost social media presence and work with influencers. Most respondents utilize food delivery services between once and three times each month. Thus, firms should implement loyalty programs to retain clients. Improving mobile app functioning should be the primary goal, given that most customers prefer to order food using their phones. Businesses should evaluate food order accuracy and prioritize effective food delivery to clients. Despite the lack of a link between customer satisfaction and delivery timing, timely delivery is critical for customer satisfaction. Social Implications: Online food delivery services serve persons with hectic schedules and mobility challenges. Many individuals who own restaurants and small entrepreneurs working from home may now access a large consumer base and greater visibility can boost their sales. These enterprises allow individuals to try the cuisine of other nations, which was previously impossible, thus broadening the culinary experiences. Originality / Value: Online food delivery companies expanded rapidly during and after the pandemic in response to rising demand. While expanding in popularity, no study of online food delivery services has been conducted in Oman. Therefore, the results of this study will immensely benefit online food delivery companies, and the people engaged in this industry. Keywords: Online Food Services, Customer Experience, Customer Satisfaction, Food Delivery Factors, Delivery Staff, Food Delivery Applications.

Implementing Online Ordering Systems for Small Culinary Businesses: A Case Study of Nasi Cia

In the era of culinary industry growth and digital transformation, the challenges for startups like Nasi Cia in managing rice orders are increasingly complex. In the environment of SMA Xaverius 1, the surge in visitors often results in problems in managing orders efficiently. The manual system used today proved insufficient to handle the increasing order load. The problem of long queues also affects the customer experience and can lead to losing potential customers. Lack of sales data management is also a problem that must be solved. To overcome these problems, an online ordering system was built and designed using the extreme programming method. With this application, Nasi Cia switches to a more effective ordering system with the aim of improving flexibility, responsiveness, and service quality, as well as reducing dependence on expensive food delivery applications such as Gojek and Grab. The results and conclusions of this research show that this application has been successfully built with the extreme programming development method. This online ordering application can be well received as evidenced by 91.4% of users strongly agree

Perancangan Model Bisnis Kaki Bukit Coffee Menggunakan Metode Business Model Canvas

Kaki Bukit Coffee is a coffee shop located in West Bandung Regency, precisely on Jl. Maribaya No.16, Kayuambon, Lembang District, which was founded on December 16 2018. This coffee shop offers various types of drinks, both hot and cold, such as Basic Coffee, Flavored Coffee, Freshener, and Tea. However, Kaki Bukit Coffee faces several challenges, including not achieving its revenue target. This challenge is caused by several factors such as lack of employee capability, limited space capacity, lack of product innovation, many competitors, the influence of rainy weather, less than optimal promotional strategies, and limited use of promotional media only via Instagram. This research aims to identify and overcome the problems faced by Kaki Bukit Coffee through evaluating and designing a new business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) method. The improvement process begins with collecting data regarding the current condition of the business model, including customer profiles obtained through questionnaires and analysis of the business environment through literature studies. Next, a SWOT analysis is carried out to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats from internal and external aspects, as well as identifying the value proposition canvas to formulate the right strategy. Several proposals were put forward to solve problems such as in the Value Proposition block, proposals included increasing product variations, offering variations in glass sizes and toppings, as well as providing bundling packages. In the Customer Segments block, the focus is on increasing the number of Lembang customers. For Channels, proposals include increasing the use of online food delivery applications such as GoFood, increasing promotions via social media such as Instagram, adding the ShopeeFood and TikTok platforms, as well as displaying menu lists and linktr.ee on Instagram profiles. In the Customer Relationship block, proposals include offering discounts and promos, providing special promotions for local residents, as well as providing WiFi connections. In the Key Activities block, increasing sales and marketing activities, adding training and HR development programs, as well as improving indoor and outdoor facilities are priorities. In the Key Partners block, namely increasing cooperation with raw material suppliers. Meanwhile, in the Cost Structure block, the proposal includes additional costs for improving indoor and outdoor facilities, training and human resource development costs, as well as costs for WiFi connections. Lastly, in the Revenue Streams block, the focus is on increasing product sales offline and online.

Customer Intention on The Usage of Online Food Delivery Application in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Online food delivery applications (OFDA) allow customers to purchase meals online and delivered to their doors. These services have grown rapidly in Malaysia, aligning with consumer demands. This study aims to determine factors influencing customer intention to use OFDAs in Klang Valley, examine the relationships between social influence, price-saving orientation, information quality, and time-saving orientation, and identify the most popular OFDAs among customers. An online survey was distributed via Google Forms to 384 residents of Klang Valley, including Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak, Hulu Langat, Petaling Jaya, Klang, and Sepang. Respondents ranged from 18 to 55 years and above, with the survey targeting both experienced users and potential new users of OFDAs. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS, including descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses. The results showed that all variables (social influence, information quality, price-saving orientation, and time-saving orientation) were statistically significant and positively correlated. Information quality emerged as the most influential factor, providing accurate information on food, charges, and delivery times. The findings of this research can help food service and restaurant owners improve their operations and remain competitive by understanding the key factors that drive customer intentions to use OFDAs in Klang Valley.

Digital Transformation of Enterprises to Enhance Sustainability: How Does the Reputation of Digital Applications Influence the Attributes of E-Commerce

Driven by the increase in mobile applications, this study tests a conceptual model which links antecedents of Food delivery applications (FDApps) and their effect on electronic trust (eTrust) and electronic loyalty (eLoyal). By adopting a quantitative approach, we employed a self-administered questionnaire distributed among 501 regular users of FDApps. Partial least squares path modeling was used to test seven hypotheses including direct, moderating, and mediating effects. The findings reveal that eTrust significantly contributes to fostering eLoyal. Additionally, eTrust mediates the relationships between electronic privacy (ePriv), electronic security (eSec), electronic payment (ePay), usability (ULY), electronic innovativeness (eInnov), and eLoyal. Moreover, reputation (RTN) has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between eTrust and eLoyal. The research explores the core elements linked to FDApps, with the goal of improving their business and marketing strategies while increasing consumer satisfaction, thereby boosting repurchase intentions. Therefore, it provides FDApps with insights on the required elements linked to a higher eLoyal.

Decision-making model in digital commerce: electronic trust-based purchasing intention through online food delivery applications (OFDAs)

PurposeThis research aimed to raise awareness about the need for safety measures and features of online food delivery applications (OFDAs) to build electronic trust (e-trust) with augmented purchase intention among customers. Moreover, this study explores the attributes of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and how e-trust influences the purchasing intention of consumers while ordering food through OFDAs including fear of contagious diseases. Determinants of e-commerce in the digital era profoundly impact the performance of enterprises.Design/methodology/approachData from 493 food consumers collected from Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Pakistan, who were regular users of OFDAs. To scrutinize the dataset, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the construct validity in this research study. Structural equation modeling (SEM), which is facilitated by Smart-PLS, was employed to examine the direct, moderation and mediation effects of the proposed model.FindingsResults revealed the positive and significant impact of the e-trust on the purchase intention. Additionally, e-trust acted as a mediating factor in the connection between electronic security (e-security), electronic privacy (e-privacy), usability, electronic payment (e-payment), electronic innovativeness (e-innovativeness) and the buyer's purchase intention. Furthermore, the fear of contagious viruses negatively moderated the e-trust and purchase intention that weakened buying behavior.Originality/valueThis research is primarily centered on enhancing the comprehension regarding safety orientation within the context of an evolving restaurant industry. The findings of this study hold substantial contributions for academics, web developers, application designers, OFDAs, restaurants and other businesses since they indicate the attractiveness of OFDAs in generating feelings of pleasure and boosting users' intentions to keep using the application.

Understanding food delivery service customers’ switching behavior

Purpose Prompted by intense competition among providers of food delivery services, this study examines the behavior of customers using mobile applications. Specifically, based on a push-pull-mooring framework, this study aims to identify the key factors affecting customers’ switching intentions in the food delivery context. A push factor is assumed to drive customers away from an existing service provider due to dissatisfaction, while a pull element lures them to an alternative provider by supplying enhanced levels of enjoyment, usefulness and/or informativeness and mooring factors (i.e. affective commitment and perceived herd) help make these switching decisions. Design/methodology/approach Partial least squares structural equation modeling with SmartPLS was used because it is suited to predictive models and produces stringent assessments of measurement models using a variance-based approach. Data was collected through an online survey. Participants were 350 food delivery application (FDA) customers in the USA. Findings The results highlight the importance of a push factor (dissatisfaction with the present FDA) and a mooring factor (perceived herd) as determinants of customers’ perceptions of risk that can induce a decision to switch to another FDA. However, the pull factors of usefulness, enjoyment and information quality did not significantly influence switching behavior. Originality/value Many food delivery service providers now use mobile application technologies to provide their services. Such companies can use the factors that influence customer switching intentions identified in this study to control customers’ churn behavior by managing dissatisfied customers in the mobile context.

Pengaruh Modal dan Penggunaan Online Food Delivery terhadap Pendapatan di CV. Fada Food

This study aims to evaluate how capital and utilization of online food delivery services affect CV Fada Food's revenue. This study applies a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 27 for Windows. The data analyzed came from CV Fada Food's financial transactions in the period 2021 to 2023. The results of the study show that capital has a positive and significant effect on CV Fada Food's revenue. The greater the amount of capital invested, the higher the income generated by the company. In addition, the use of online food delivery services also has a significant positive impact on revenue. By utilizing the food delivery application platform, CV Fada Food can increase customer reach and effectively increase their income.

Pengaruh Promosi dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ayam Penyet Nasi Tutug Oncom Setu Melalui Aplikasi Gofood

Tutug Oncom is a small restaurant that sells Tutug Oncom rice in the Bekasi area. This research aims to influence promotions and prices on purchasing decisions for Ayam Penyet Nasi Tutug Oncom via the Gofood application. Using the research method using the Partial Least Square (PLS) quantitative approach via SmartPLS 4.0, data from 100 respondents was analyzed to test the proposed hypothesis. The analysis results show that Gofood promotions, especially through advertising and price discounts, significantly influence purchasing decisions. This shows that effective promotional strategies can increase consumer interest in choosing Ayam Penyet Nasi Tutug Oncom via the Gofood platform. Furthermore, price factors also proved to be important, with price advantages and competitive pricing positively affecting purchase decisions. The managerial implications suggest that companies should consider relevant promotional strategies and competitive pricing to maximize product appeal in the online market. The study also reveals the dominant consumer profile, with the majority of respondents aged 21-25 years, mostly female, and predominantly students. These findings indicate that the younger generation, especially those actively using technology, are the primary target in digital marketing strategies employed by Gofood. This research not only provides insights into the factors influencing purchase decisions in the context of food delivery applications but also offers a foundation for further studies to explore other variables that may affect consumer preferences online.

Customer engagement in Saudi food delivery apps through social media marketing: Examining the antecedents and consequences using PLS-SEM and NCA

In this study, we (1) investigated the role of social media marketing (SMM) activities in predicting customer engagement in online food delivery applications (OFDAs); (2) predicted the influencing role of customer engagement in OFDAs on behavioral outcomes; (3) utilized the stimulus-organism-response (S–O-R) framework to assess subsequent customer behavior; and (4) empirically validated the theoretical model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary conditions analysis (NCA). We obtained valid data from 233 respondents using the survey-based approach, which was then utilized for PLS-SEM and NCA analyses. The study's PLS-SEM analysis revealed that perceived SMM activities, such as informativeness and word-of-mouth (WoM), positively influence customer engagement in OFDAs. This engagement, in turn, predicts important behavioral outcomes, including co-production value, customer referrals, purchase intention, and customer satisfaction. The NCA results further indicate that informativeness, trendiness, and WoM are essential for driving customer engagement in Saudi-based OFDAs. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing customer engagement and behavioral outcomes in the field of OFDAs, utilizing both PLS-SEM and NCA methodologies.

Sustainable entrepreneurship through customer satisfaction and reuse intention of online food delivery applications: insights from China

Advancements in the online food delivery market in China have resulted from the rapid development and popularity of mobile communications and smartphones, which are currently applied by mobile and online application developers to restaurants and food delivery services for high sales revenue and fulfilment of Chinese consumers at home. The current work aims to thoroughly examine the four information quality dimensions (i.e. intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality and accessibility quality), perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived convenience and their subsequent implications on user satisfaction and reuse intention of online food delivery applications. By analysing the roles of these factors, we underscore how innovative technology and entrepreneurial strategies can drive customer engagement and satisfaction in the rapidly evolving online food delivery market. The theoretical model proposed in this study was tested through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Resultantly, intrinsic quality, contextual quality, representational quality, accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use showed a positive and statistically significant effect on user satisfaction, whereas contextual, representational, and accessibility quality, perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and customer satisfaction positively and significantly affected users’ intention to reuse the online food delivery applications. The key determinant of reuse intention was customers’ personal satisfaction. In order to improve the continuous usage intention of online food delivery applications, application developers and the food industry should therefore focus on providing accurate and up-to-date information, which is expected to boost user satisfaction and reuse intentions.

Effect of Financial Literacy on Impulsive Buying Behavior Towards Online Food Delivery of Generation Z and Millennials in Indonesia with Media as A Moderating Variable

The rapid growth of online food delivery applications (OFDA), coupled with the increasing digital media exposure of younger generations, has raised concerns about impulsive buying behavior and its financial implications. This study investigates the effect of financial literacy on impulsive buying behavior towards OFDA among Generation Z and Millennials in Indonesia, with media as a moderating variable. This study employed a quantitative approach. The object of this study is Generation Z, aged 17-27 years old, and Millennials, aged 28-43 years old, living in Indonesia. The number of participants includes 434 for Generation Z and 407 for Millennials. The research uses Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) to examine the relationships between variables and compare effects across generational groups. The findings reveal that financial literacy positively and significantly affects impulsive buying behavior towards OFDA in the entire group, Generation Z and Millennials. The effect is stronger in Generation Z than in the complete and Millennial groups. The study also found a significant moderating effect of media usage, highlighting the importance of considering digital influences in financial behavior research. Based on these findings, the study recommends further research to explore the underlying factors causing this positive relationship. For practical applications for individuals, the study suggests that Generation Z and Millennials should implement their financial knowledge more effectively to manage their finances and distinguish between essential and non-essential spending. The study suggests incorporating financial literacy into curricula through courses and practical programs for educational institutions. The study suggests leveraging digital platforms for government bodies to provide interactive financial literacy content. This research significantly advances the understanding of financial literacy's impact on consumer behavior in the digital age, particularly in the context of OFDA among younger generations in Indonesia; by including media usage as a moderating variable, the research explores how digital media exposure influences the relationship between financial literacy and impulsive buying behavior. This aspect of the study underscores the media's significant role in shaping financial behaviors in the digital age.

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF AFFORDANCE VALUE AND TRUST ON THE USAGE OF FOOD DELIVERY APPLICATIONS: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Food delivery applications (FDAs) have been increasingly popular in recent years. Customers from developed and emerging countries are increasingly using these applications for quick and easy delivery of food to their homes. Furthermore, FDAs have provided restaurants with new chances to increase revenue without needing to increase sitting space. As a result, there has been a notable shift in the food sector, with an increasing number of customers relying on FDAs for their meal needs. Although FDAs are becoming more prominent, it is essential to understand the elements that affect their usage. This study utilises an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as an underpinning reasoning. The affordance value and trust in the application platform are also examined to bridge the hypothetical relationship for future research direction. This study aims to provide insights to future researchers in the food delivery research area regarding the potential factors influencing the usage of meal delivery apps. This study offers significant information for FDA service providers seeking to expand market share by knowing how to impact consumer usage.

Customers’ perception of consumption values of online food delivery towards their satisfaction, purchase intention and switching intention post-COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT By employing the theory of consumption values, this study examines how customers perceived the values of food delivery applications (FDAs), which affected their satisfaction, purchase intention and switching intention post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Target samples were local Hong Kong customers, with 519 valid responses obtained from a self-administered survey. Results show that customers perceived the importance of FDA values: price, affordance, quality and personal data protection. These factors positively improved customer satisfaction and enhanced purchase intention through FDA services.

Online Food Delivery Apps: Customer Perception towards Restaurant and Home-Made Food Delivery in Chennai

This study delves into the landscape of online food delivery applications, examining their impact, trends, and potential avenues for growth. Through an empirical research method employing a questionnaire, data was collected from a diverse sample of 400 individuals in Chennai, exploring the preferences, habits, and satisfaction levels of users. Firstly, demographic factors such as age and gender exhibit a direct correlation with customer satisfaction or preferences, indicating individualised landscape of preferences. Swiggy emerges as the preferred platform among respondents, primarily attributed to its safe and quick delivery options. The study proposes the incorporation of home-made food deliveries, not only as a consumer benefit but also as a source of new employment opportunities, particularly for homemakers. This study provides understanding of the online food delivery landscape, offering actionable insights for companies to navigate the challenges, capitalise on emerging trends, and foster sustainable growth in this dynamic and competitive industry.

ONLINE LOGISTICS APPS

The purpose of this thesis is to build an online food ordering application named "Swiggy and Zomato". Our research also includes the “satisfaction of consumers by using online food services”. It will deal with consumer behaviour & helps to analyse their perceptions & will also help us to understand consumer equilibrium. Through these platforms, sharing one’s experience with others has become so easy, in the form of reviews, be it regarding a product brought or any kind of service availed. This conceptual study will give more insight about emerging innovative technologies in restaurant industry and strategies followed by online food start ups Zomato, Swiggy. From this research paper we would understand drivers of online food sites. Different services given by application that makes consumers happy and satisfied .Comfort and Convenience which makes consumer more inclined towards online food ordering. The research concluded that due to urbanization in Indian landscape, online food delivery applications are growing with flying colors. Future of online food ordering website is bright. Facilities, Comfort, User friendliness are the key features of online websites success. Key words: various stakeholders, including shippers, carriers, and customers, ensuring smooth coordination and collaboration.