Food Delivery Research Articles

Improving community resilience to disrupted food access: Empirical spatio-temporal analysis of volunteer-based crowdsourced food delivery

Unplanned disaster events can greatly disrupt access to essential resources, with calamitous outcomes for already vulnerable households. This is particularly challenging when concurrent extreme events affect both the ability of households to travel and the functioning of traditional transportation networks that supply resources. This paper examines the use of volunteer-based crowdsourced food delivery as a community resilience tactic to improve food accessibility during overlapping disruptions with lasting effects, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate disasters. The study uses large-scale spatio-temporal data (n = 28,512) on crowdsourced food deliveries in Houston, TX, spanning from 2020 through 2022, merged with data on community demographics and significant disruptive events occurring in the two-year timespan. Three research lenses are applied to understand the effectiveness of crowdsourced food delivery programs for food access recovery: 1) geographic analysis illustrates hot spots of demand and impacts of disasters on requests for food assistance within the study area; 2) linear spatio-temporal modeling identifies a distinction between shelter-in-place emergencies and evacuation emergencies regarding demand for food assistance; 3) structural equation modeling identifies socially vulnerable identity clusters that impact requests for food assistance. The findings from the study suggest that volunteer-based crowdsourced food delivery adds to the resilience of food insecure communities, supporting its effectiveness in serving its intended populations. The paper contributes to the literature by illustrating how resilience is a function of time and space, and that similarly, there is value in a dynamic representation of community vulnerability. The results point to a new approach to resource recovery following disaster events by shifting the burden of transportation from resource-seekers and traditional transportation systems to home delivery by a crowdsourced volunteer network.

Combining Freedom and Flexibility with Security: Translating platform workers’ desires into law. The case of food delivery riders in the Netherlands

Combining Freedom and Flexibility with Security: Translating platform workers’ desires into law. The case of food delivery riders in the Netherlands

Pengaruh Pengalaman Pelanggan dan Kualitas Layanan Elektronik Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Layanan Pesan Antar Makanan Gofood di Surabaya

service to its consumers. The emergence of many competitors has pressured Gofood to find effective strategies to become the market leader. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of customer experience and electronic service quality on customer satisfaction with Gofood’s food delivery service in Surabaya. This research employs a quantitative method. The population in this research consist of the residents of Surabaya. The targeted sample includes residents of Surabaya who have utilized and purchased Gofood as a food delivery service with 98 respondents. The sampling process uses a non-probability sampling method through purposive sampling techniques. The results of this research reveal: 1) customer experience has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and 2) electronic service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.

Consumer support for restrictive policies on unhealthy food and beverage delivery via drones.

Drone delivery services are set to increase unhealthy food and alcohol accessibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate public receptiveness to various options for regulating drone food and beverage deliveries and to identify sociodemographic differences in receptiveness. In total, 1079 adults were surveyed to assess total support and differences in support between population subgroups (e.g.age, sex, location, existing habits) for nine potential drone policies covering curfews, quotas, and product bans. Support was measured on five-point agreement scales, with mean individual policy support (M) and grand mean support calculated for all assessed policies (grand M). There was moderate support for all assessed policies (grand M=3.5), ranging from M=3.2 (drone delivery quotas for shopping centres and dwellings) to M=3.7 (night curfews, airspace quotas). Factors associated with policy support were older age, metropolitan residenceand using grocery delivery services. Public support exists for policies designed to restrict drone food and beverage deliveries. Drone food and beverage delivery policies will likely be supported by the public and could assist in controlling the accessibility of such products for the benefit of population dietary health.

Major injuries and associated factors in traffic accidents among motorcycle food delivery riders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

Motorcycle food delivery riders (MFDRs) are at a higher risk of traffic accidents compared to regular motorcyclists. Their safety is a significant issue in many developing countries, particularly in Thailand, which has the highest rate of motorcyclist fatalities globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of traffic accidents and explore the association between risky riding behaviors, concerns for working conditions, and accidents among MFDRs. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Data were collected from a total of 709 MFDRs through an online platform. Collected data included working conditions, risky riding behaviors, concerns about their work conditions, and experience with traffic accidents. In the past six months, the incidence of traffic accidents among MFDRs was 18.9 %., with 2.4 % experiencing hospitalized major injuries, 11.4 % having non-hospitalized major injuries, and 5.1 % having minor injuries. A total of 84.3 % of MFDRs exhibited at least one risky riding behavior, while 5.8 % engaged in ten or more such behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustments for sex, age, and body mass index indicates that red-light running (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.78, 95 % CI 1.07 to 7.21) and being concerned for customer behaviors (aOR 2.66, 95 % CI 1.26 to 5.62) were significantly associated with major injuries. Additionally, factors such as sleeping less than 6 h per day (aOR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.10 to 2.56), riding the wrong way (aOR 2.49, 95 % CI 1.12 to 5.52), and having concern for customer behaviors (aOR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.03 to 3.55) were associated with total number of accidents. Red-light running and concerns for customer behavior in MFDRs are associated with a higher risk of traffic accidents with major injuries. Effective strategies and interventions should focus on strengthening the enforcement of traffic risk behaviors and encouraging food delivery companies to establish regulations relating to the workers’ concerns.

Sustaining superior visibility within digital platforms through inside and outside competitive action repertoires

Although often credited with leveling the competitive playing field, platforms pose novel challenges for millions of complementors within their ecosystems. This study explores the tactics complementors use to maintain superior visibility on these platforms. Building on competitive repertoire theory, we conceptualize two categories of competitive actions that capture the dual environmental complexity faced by complementors: inside and outside competitive moves. We assemble a unique dataset from a leading food delivery platform in Europe, providing a comprehensive view of complementors’ competitive repertoires and visibility over ten months. We find that complementors’ inside competitive repertoires with high volume and complexity are associated with sustained superior visibility. However, we also find that complementors whose competitive repertoires diverge from those of their competitors are more likely to exit the superior visibility strata. Additionally, we identify outside action repertoires as a second pathway to differentiation, built on complementors’ idiosyncratic resources and less dependent on platform architecture and rules.

Implementing Online Ordering Systems for Small Culinary Businesses: A Case Study of Nasi Cia

In the era of culinary industry growth and digital transformation, the challenges for startups like Nasi Cia in managing rice orders are increasingly complex. In the environment of SMA Xaverius 1, the surge in visitors often results in problems in managing orders efficiently. The manual system used today proved insufficient to handle the increasing order load. The problem of long queues also affects the customer experience and can lead to losing potential customers. Lack of sales data management is also a problem that must be solved. To overcome these problems, an online ordering system was built and designed using the extreme programming method. With this application, Nasi Cia switches to a more effective ordering system with the aim of improving flexibility, responsiveness, and service quality, as well as reducing dependence on expensive food delivery applications such as Gojek and Grab. The results and conclusions of this research show that this application has been successfully built with the extreme programming development method. This online ordering application can be well received as evidenced by 91.4% of users strongly agree

Cross regional online food delivery: Service quality optimization and real-time order assignment

Online food delivery (OFD) represents a rapidly evolving e-business application that leverages cloud computing data centers, playing a crucial role in meeting the demands of urban lifestyles. With diverse order fulfillment features and increasing expectations for service quality, the task of effectively assigning riders for timely long-distance, cross-regional deliveries presents a significant engineering challenge. Previous studies often relied on traditional rider allocation methods that fail to account for varying capacities, or they utilized non-intelligent systems that did not adequately address fluctuating order demands and service delays. In this study, we introduce a robust Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization framework designed to minimize the total service time and delivery cost for cross-regional orders. This framework divides a large OFD area into multiple regions and utilizes both transfer vehicles and riders to optimize deliveries. To enhance the predictive accuracy of our model, we incorporate advanced machine learning techniques. Specifically, we employ the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast regional order demands accurately, reflecting the dynamic nature of the marketplace. Additionally, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is tailored to dynamically predict travel times from restaurants to customer locations, facilitating more precise scheduling and resource allocation within the MILP framework. These machine learning techniques significantly bolster the MILP framework by providing detailed, accurate predictions that improve decision-making processes and adaptability to real-time conditions. Acknowledging the complexity of this optimization problem, we further enhance our approach by integrating a meta-heuristic algorithm, Adaptive Large Neighbor Search (ALNS), which efficiently assigns orders to the appropriate transfer vehicles and riders within polynomial time. Our Cross Regional Online Food Delivery (XROFD) system is meticulously designed to optimize both customer satisfaction and rider incentives. Simulation experiments confirm that the XROFD system not only reduces service times and delivery costs but also markedly enhances customer satisfaction and provides superior incentives for riders, outperforming existing state-of-the-art methods.

Order Dispatching Via GNN-Based Optimization Algorithm for On-Demand Food Delivery

Order Dispatching Via GNN-Based Optimization Algorithm for On-Demand Food Delivery

Factors Affecting The Frequency and Amount of Purchase Value in Online Food Delivery Apps

Factors Affecting The Frequency and Amount of Purchase Value in Online Food Delivery Apps

Perancangan Model Bisnis Kaki Bukit Coffee Menggunakan Metode Business Model Canvas

Kaki Bukit Coffee is a coffee shop located in West Bandung Regency, precisely on Jl. Maribaya No.16, Kayuambon, Lembang District, which was founded on December 16 2018. This coffee shop offers various types of drinks, both hot and cold, such as Basic Coffee, Flavored Coffee, Freshener, and Tea. However, Kaki Bukit Coffee faces several challenges, including not achieving its revenue target. This challenge is caused by several factors such as lack of employee capability, limited space capacity, lack of product innovation, many competitors, the influence of rainy weather, less than optimal promotional strategies, and limited use of promotional media only via Instagram. This research aims to identify and overcome the problems faced by Kaki Bukit Coffee through evaluating and designing a new business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) method. The improvement process begins with collecting data regarding the current condition of the business model, including customer profiles obtained through questionnaires and analysis of the business environment through literature studies. Next, a SWOT analysis is carried out to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats from internal and external aspects, as well as identifying the value proposition canvas to formulate the right strategy. Several proposals were put forward to solve problems such as in the Value Proposition block, proposals included increasing product variations, offering variations in glass sizes and toppings, as well as providing bundling packages. In the Customer Segments block, the focus is on increasing the number of Lembang customers. For Channels, proposals include increasing the use of online food delivery applications such as GoFood, increasing promotions via social media such as Instagram, adding the ShopeeFood and TikTok platforms, as well as displaying menu lists and linktr.ee on Instagram profiles. In the Customer Relationship block, proposals include offering discounts and promos, providing special promotions for local residents, as well as providing WiFi connections. In the Key Activities block, increasing sales and marketing activities, adding training and HR development programs, as well as improving indoor and outdoor facilities are priorities. In the Key Partners block, namely increasing cooperation with raw material suppliers. Meanwhile, in the Cost Structure block, the proposal includes additional costs for improving indoor and outdoor facilities, training and human resource development costs, as well as costs for WiFi connections. Lastly, in the Revenue Streams block, the focus is on increasing product sales offline and online.

A Study on the Cognitive, Normative, and Affective Factors That Enhance the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Consumers in the Context of Drone Food Delivery Services

The current study examined consumers’ sustainable behavior in the context of eco-friendly drone food delivery services. It thus focused on the cognitive triggers, normative factors, and affective triggers in forming pro-environmental intentions. This study more specifically developed a comprehensive framework that included cognitive triggers, which included environmental awareness, ascribed responsibility, biospheric value, environmental concern, and perceived effectiveness, personal norm, and affective triggers, which included positive anticipated emotion and negative anticipated emotion, subjective norm, and pro-environmental intentions. The 312 samples were randomly extracted through an online survey company in Korea, which targeted individuals who have dined out within the last six months. A theoretical model that included mediation and causal hypotheses was proposed and tested by conducting structural equation modeling. The data analysis results indicated that the four dimensions of the cognitive triggers, such as ascribed responsibility, biospheric value, environmental concern, and perceived effectiveness, positively affect personal norm, and consequently have a positive effect on positive anticipated emotion. In addition, subjective norm aids in regards to enhancing personal norm and pro-environmental intentions. The study consequently contributes knowledge that addresses the acknowledged research gap and provides practical suggestions for green marketing strategies in regards to promoting the services.

Understanding resurgence and other emergent activity with the laws of allocation, induction, and covariance.

Resurgence is defined as an increase in a previously extinguished target response (B1) resulting from the worsening of conditions for a more recently reinforced alternative response (B2). Worsening includes extinction or reductions in rate, amount, and immediacy of delivery of food or some other phylogenetically important event (PIE). In the first part of the article, we apply the laws of allocation, induction, and covariance to understand not only resurgence of operant activity previously covarying with the PIE (B1) but also a constellation of ontogenetic and phylogenetic activities both related to the PIE (B0) and unrelated to the PIE (BN). In the second part, we discuss how induction might be incorporated into and provide alternative processes within an existing matching-based framework, resurgence as choice (RaC). We begin to identify how this range of activities could depend on changes in the relative competitive weight (V) of all available activities (B1, B2, B0, BN) in addition to only those receiving explicit training (B1, B2). Future empirical and theoretical research is needed within this framework to provide a more complete understanding of resurgence and behavior more generally.

Promotion strategies of food delivery O2O supply chain with anti-food waste regulation

This paper connects food waste with food delivery service and aims to explore the impacts of the anti-food waste regulation on food waste generation and the selection of promotion strategy in an Online-to-Offline (O2O) supply chain. Using a game-theoretical approach, we focus on three prominent promotion strategies—a no-promotion strategy (N strategy), a price discount strategy (D strategy), or a volume-based price discount strategy (S strategy). Our research results indicate that the restaurant’s choice of promotion strategy is almost independent of the intensity of anti-food waste penalties. However, the optimal strategy of the platform and the amount of waste are influenced by it. Under certain conditions, restaurants and platforms were able to achieve a win-win situation through promotion strategies. In the case of the relaxation of anti-food waste regulations, both restaurants and platforms tend to adopt the D strategy. In contrast, when penalties are stronger, platforms may be forced to accept D or S strategy because of the proactive behaviors of restaurants, even if they would prefer not to adopt promotion strategies. Overall, the government should consider bringing restaurants under regulation to protect platform revenue and effectively reduce food waste.

“Why should I care about pollution?” The role of moral disengagement, guilt and plastic usage intention while ordering food online

PurposeThere is a dearth of research in the field of social marketing that attempts to understand why consumers prefer to use plastic packages when using online food delivery services. In addressing this issue, this study aims to investigate the role of moral disengagement, myopia and environmental apathy in the young generations' intentions to use plastic bags while ordering food online. It also examines the mediating role of moral disengagement and the moderating role of guilt in the context of the online food delivery service industry in China.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was designed to collect data, which yielded 256 usable responses. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique (SmartPLS 4.0) was used to test the study hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that environmental apathy, myopia and moral disengagement exert significant negative effects on consumer intention to use plastic. In addition, moral disengagement was able to mediate the links between “environmental apathy”, “myopia” and “plastic usage intention”. Lastly, consumers’ guilt was found to be a significant moderator in the link between moral disengagement and plastic usage intention.Practical implicationsThis research holds significant importance for social marketers in the online food delivery service industry. Particularly, by understanding consumers' negative behavioural aspects, social marketers can implement marketing strategies that emphasise green practices for environmental well-being.Originality/valueThis is a pioneer study that focuses on the negative aspects of consumer behaviour, such as myopia, environmental apathy and moral disengagement, to understand what drives young consumers to use plastic. Additionally, this study investigates several new relationships in the social marketing field, such as the mediating effect of moral disengagement between myopia, environmental apathy and plastic usage intention. It also tests the moderating effect of guilt on the link between moral disengagement and use intention.

Between acceptance and resistance: Conceptualising migrant platform labour agency in Chile

AbstractDigital labour platforms are transforming labour markets worldwide, and migrant workers are pivotal in this transformation. Drawing on a qualitative study in Chile, we uncover how Latin American and Caribbean migrants navigate and resist platform labour conditions, considering the algorithmically controlled and surveilled aspects of food delivery platforms, as well as the impact of migration status on their work. We contend that understanding migrant labour agency requires examining both the platforms' socio‐technical structures and the host country's migration policies. These policies determine workers' migration status, shape their work experiences, and consequently impact their resistance to precarious labour conditions. We introduce the concept of migrant platform labour agency to illustrate the various forms of resistance migrants employ in navigating the platform labour market. This concept contributes to understanding the nuances in migrants' labour agencies, which range from acceptance to resistance, considering the interplay between the migration policy environment and platforms' socio‐technical assemblage.

Exploring the influence of online restaurant promotions on consumer behavioral intentions

PurposeConsumer behavior is evolving rapidly due to the increasing role of technology in daily life. Online food ordering has emerged as a key channel in this changing landscape. This paper investigates the relationships between online promotions, consumer skepticism, information sharing on social media and the intention to purchase food and beverages through online delivery services.Design/methodology/approachMeasures were developed based on a review of existing literature. Data from 402 participants were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).FindingsThe study reveals that online promotions significantly impact consumers' sharing of restaurant posts. Additionally, consumer skepticism about online food sales affects both their sharing behavior and their intention to purchase online. Engagement in sharing restaurant posts online is a strong predictor of online food purchasing intentions.Practical implicationsThe findings offer valuable insights for restaurant operators, policymakers and technology developers in the competitive online food delivery sector. They emphasize the importance of implementing innovative promotions and crafting appealing food presentations. These strategies can accelerate customer decision-making, attract new customers and contribute to market expansion and customer base sustainability.Originality/valueThis research provides significant insights for restaurant owners and contributes to the limited literature on online promotions, consumer skepticism and information sharing in the restaurant industry. It also lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at deepening understanding in this field.

Addressing diabetes by elevating access to nutrition (ADELANTE) - A multi-level approach for improving household food insecurity and glycemic control among Latinos with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLatinx adults are disproportionately impacted by the interrelated challenges of food insecurity and nutrition sensitive chronic diseases. Food and nutrition insecurity can exacerbate the development and progression of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Sustainable, effective interventions aimed at improving food insecurity and diabetes management for Latinx populations are needed. MethodsThis hybrid type 1 trial evaluates the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention that includes a medically supportive food and behavioral lifestyle program on the primary outcome of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 6 months. Latinx adults (n = 355) with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c of 6.0–12.0 %), overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2), and self-reported risk of food insecurity will be randomized 1:1 to intervention (12 weekly deliveries of vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain foods + culturally-modified behavioral lifestyle program) versus control (food deliveries after a 6-month delay). Outcome asessments will occur at 0, 6 and 12 months, and include HbA1c, dietary intake, psychosocial health outcomes, and diabetes-related stressors. In addition, food insecurity and the impact of the intervention on up to two household members will be measured. Qualitative interviews with patients, healthcare providers, and community partners will be conducted in accordance with Reach, Effectivenes, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenence (RE-AIM) framework to identify barriers and best practices for future dissemination. ConclusionsThe ADELANTE trial will provide novel insight to the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention on diabetes-related outcomes in Latinx adults. The mixed-method approach will also identity the reach of this ‘Food is Medicine’ intervention on additional household members to inform diabetes prevention efforts.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05228860

An investigation of the factors leading to customer satisfaction with online food delivery services in India

An investigation of the factors leading to customer satisfaction with online food delivery services in India

Abstract B116: Overcoming barriers in recruiting medically underserved patients with lung cancer: The NutriCare study, a "Food is Medicine" intervention

Abstract Despite recent efforts to expand clinical trial eligibility criteria to involve traditionally underserved patient populations, less than 5% of patients diagnosed with cancer choose to participate in clinical trials (lifestyle, behavioral or pharmaceutical), of which only a small fraction represents underserved or vulnerable populations. The barriers that contribute to these trends are multifactorial. Examining sociodemographic and clinical characteristics may provide insight into successful participant recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups in clinical trials. The NutriCare study (NCT04986670) is a national, multisite, randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of medically tailored meals plus weekly nutritional counseling on the outcomes of vulnerable patients with treatment-naïve lung cancer initiating treatment. Eligibility criteria defining vulnerability included: ≥65 years of age; underrepresented minority; rural resident; no health insurance; or income ≤130% of federal poverty line. To remain on study, eligible participants also completed a 90-minute baseline assessment within 8 weeks of study consent. A comprehensive list of screened patients was maintained throughout the course of the study, including approach attempts and refusal reasons for participation. Strategies to improve recruitment included obtaining referrals from the treating physician and inclusion of the study dietitian during the informed consent process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the recruitment and retention of vulnerable patients. Overall, 438 participants were screened in Phase I of this study at The Ohio State University and MD Anderson (Nov, 2020 – Aug, 2022), of which 116 (26%) participants consented to the study. Of these 116 participants, 76 (66%) were 65 years of age or older, 42 (36%) lived in a rural area, 21 (18%) identified as a racial or ethnic minority, and 27 (23%) met federal poverty levels. As the study progressed, 44 (38%) patients withdrew between baseline to 3-months,18 (16%) patients withdrew between the 3-month to 8-month timepoints, and a total of 54 (47%) participants completed the study. The highest retention rates were identified among those <65 years (58%), males (52%), early-stage lung cancer (69%), racial or ethnic minorities (62%), non-rural residents (50%) and those above the federal poverty line (48%). Barriers to completing the study included rapid decline in performance status among those diagnosed with late/extensive stage lung cancers (16%), treatment impacting taste and appetite (8%), and logistical complications with the meal intervention (3%). Barriers to recruitment and willingness to participate during the NutriCare trial were similar across recruiting sites. Future trials should consider implementation of a crossover study design, local and customized food delivery services, and measurements of time toxicity related to survey completion as an outcome. These efforts may improve clinical trial participation and provide more supportive care needs for vulnerable patients with lung cancer. Citation Format: Hazel M. Antao, Kenneth Kwan Ho Chui, Jade Smith, Pooja Vibhakar, Mary Kathryn Cohen, Jessica Bauman, Saumil Gandhi, Joya Chandra, Lori Pai, Fang Fang Zhang, Colleen Spees, Carolyn Presley. Overcoming barriers in recruiting medically underserved patients with lung cancer: The NutriCare study, a "Food is Medicine" intervention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B116.