Food Crops Research Articles

Parental Contributions to Enhance Sustainable School Feeding Programme in Public Primary Schools in Gairo District Council, Tanzania

This study aimed to find out the parental contributions to enhance sustainable school feeding programmes (SFP) at public primary schools in Gairo District Council, Tanzania. It is guided by the two objectives; identify the kind of parental contributions in enhancing sustainable SFP and highlight the parents' perceptions in supporting sustainable school feeding programme (SFP). The study had a sample of 177 respondents who were selected using simple random, snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The study sample involved 98 students, 18 teachers, 60 parents, and 1 District Primary Education Officer. The study employed the mixed method approach and data was collected through a questionnaire, interview, FGD, observation and documentary review. The quantitative data was analysed by using SPSS version 25.0 and the qualitative data was analysed thematically according to the two research objectives. The findings of the study showed the existence of SFP in all 6 schools and the parents had positive perceptions as revealed through contributing food crops, cash money and physical labour to the SFP for constant supply of students' meals. The study recommended the policymakers, government and the community to act on their part for the success and sustainability of SFP

Lemon juice pretreatment as a strategy to preserve the quality and enhance the texture of cooked potato slices of different sizes

Potatoes are an important food crop worldwide and are rich in essential nutrients. However, cooking can reduce their nutritional value and alter their texture. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pretreating potato slices with lemon juice. The slices were immersed in 5% lemon juice solution for 3 h, rinsed with distilled water for another 3 h, then cooked at 100°C for 20 min. Findings revealed that lemon juice pretreatment (LJP) notably improved the texture, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability of the cooked potato slices of different sizes (CPS-Ds). Additionally, LJP significantly increased vitamin C and total phenolic contents, slightly decreased pH levels, and preserved the desired color of CPS-Ds. Consumer sensory evaluations also indicated a positive response to LJP samples, suggesting its potential application in the food industry. The study confirmed that LJP is an effective, sustainable, consumer-friendly, and cost-efficient technique for improving the quality of cooked potato slices.

Growth and water-needs analysis of sweet corn and peanuts in different cropping systems

Maize and peanuts are important food crops in Indonesia and are generally planted in monoculture and intercropping systems. The water required for monoculture and intercropping is believed to be different. However, comparison analysis of water requirements in monoculture and intercropping is rarely conducted. The research aimed to evaluate the growth and production of sweet corn and peanuts in monoculture and intercropping systems concerning water requirement and crop coefficient. The study was conducted at IPB Experimental Station in Leuwikopo, Bogor, Indonesia from September to December 2022. Sweet corn and peanuts were planted in different cropping systems, i.e., monoculture and intercropping. Water consumption of both cropping systems was evaluated in every growing stage. The experiment used a completely randomized block design and was repeated three times. Results showed that sweet corn growth was not significantly different among cropping systems, but yield from intercropping was lower than monoculture. Intercropped peanuts grew lower than monoculture but did not show any significant difference in yield among cropping systems. Water use efficiency in intercropping was higher than monoculture for both crops, indicating intercropping is a suitable cropping system for limiting soil water availability. The land equivalency ratio was 1.80, concluding that intercropping was more efficient than monoculture in land use by 80%. Keywords: climate change; crop coefficient; intercropping; land equivalent ratio; water use efficiency

Effect of Chinese Milk Vetch on Zinc Content and Zinc Absorption of Rice in Purple Tidal Mud Soil

Rice is a staple food crop that feeds billions globally. Addressing Zn deficiency in rice is crucial for improving nutrition and food security. Zn deficiency in rice is a widespread issue, especially in purple tidal mud substrates, which often exhibit low Zn availability. The objective of this two-year pot study was to explore the relationship between Zn content, yield components, and Zn absorption in rice grown in purple tidal mud substrate with varying amounts of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) incorporation. The experimental design consisted of seven treatments: an unfertilized control, a Chinese milk vetch control, a chemical fertilizer control, and four treatment variations incorporating Chinese milk vetch alongside chemical fertilizer applications. The results indicated that planting and applying Chinese milk vetch improved the grain yield of rice in purple tidal mud substrate, and the yield increased with higher levels of Chinese milk vetch applied. The increased grain yield resulted in higher Zn absorption in rice grains. The application of Chinese milk vetch, both solely and in combination with chemical fertilizers, had varying effects on zinc uptake and grain zinc formation efficiency in early and late rice, with the control and low-level Chinese milk vetch treatments generally exhibiting the highest performance across the two-year period. By introducing Chinese milkvetch following the use of chemical fertilizers, the Zn content in rice grains increased starting from the second year. The treatment with Chinese milkvetch applied at a rate of 2.25 t/hm2 showed the best results in increasing the Zn content in rice grains. The increase in Zn content and Zn uptake by the rice plants gave rise to a lowering of the DTPA-extractable Zn content in the purple tidal mud substrate. Sole Chinese milk vetch application and using Chinese milk vetch following chemical fertilizer application both increased Zn content extracted by DTPA in purple tidal mud substrate.

Economic Ties of Russian Settlers and Native Population of Turkestan in the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th Centuries

The article analyses the issues of reclaiming of Turkestan by the Russian empire in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century by means of creating in the region administrative and military structures as well as by organizing Russian migrant settlements. It was revealed that in the process of organization of urban and rural settlements Turkestan authorities took aim at keeping a distance between native and migrant population. The article characterizes the conditions of granting land parcels for Russian settlers, the different categories and the number of countrymen coming to Turkestan. The article demonstrates various forms of economic interaction of settlers and native people in agricultural activities, everyday life, etc. An accent is put on the changes in the organization of living space under the influence of Turkestan climate peculiarities, different methods of managing agricultural food crops and commercial crops (cotton); the issues of irrigational activities, adoption of farm equipment and particular aspects of everyday life are being analyzed. The author makes a note that the interaction mostly took place in the economic and material spheres, and had fragmentary and episodic character that didn’t lead to cardinal changes in the life of Russian settlers’ community and native people.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Shea Tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) at Different Stages of Growth

Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa), is one of the dominant agro-forestry species in Otuke district of Northern Uganda. Due to its economic importance and, in line with the numerous threats the tree is faced with, there is an urgent need for measures to conserve this species, for example, through incorporating annual food crops in the Shea tree parkland. This, however, requires a better understanding of tree-soil-food crop interactions. A number of studies of this aspect either considered only the mature Shea tree gardens or did not provide a clear distinction between the physiological states of the Shea tree. This was the motivation for this study where we compare variation in soil properties under mature and young Shea tree gardens with sites not having trees in Okwang sub-county, Otuke district. Five soil samples (up to 15 cm deep for top soil and 15-30 cm for sub-soil) were obtained per treatment using a soil auger. Our results show that in the top soil, only percent sand varied among the treatments, while, in the sub-soil, only percentage nitrogen and average phosphorus varied among the treatments. We also found that percentage top soil organic matter and percentage of sub-soil sand had negative strong correlations with maize and soybean yields, while percentage sub-soil clay had a strong positive correlation with maize and soybean yield. We conclude that variations in soil physical and chemical properties under Mature and Young Shea gardens only occur for those properties that have a direct link to tree residues

Exploitation of the genetic potential of Thinopyrum and Agropyron genera to protect wheat from diseases and environmental stresses.

Common wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. Grain harvests can be increased by reducing losses from diseases and environmental stresses. The tertiary gene pool, including Thinopyrum spp., is a valuable resource for increasing genetic diversity and wheat resistance to fungal diseases and abiotic stresses. Distant hybridization between wheat and Thinopyrum spp. began in the 1920s in Russia, and later continued in different countries. The main results were obtained using the species Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium. Additionally, introgression material was created based on Th. elongatum, Th. bessarabicum, Th. junceiforme, Agropyron cristatum. The results of introgression for resistance to diseases (leaf, stem, and stripe rusts; powdery mildew; Fusarium head blight; and Septoria blotch) and abiotic stresses (drought, extreme temperatures, and salinity) to wheat was reviewed. Approaches to improving the agronomic properties of introgression breeding material (the use of irradiation, ph-mutants and compensating Robertsonian translocations) were described. The experience of long-term use in the world of a number of genes from the tertiary gene pool in protecting wheat from leaf and stem rust was observed. Th. ponticum is a nonhost for Puccinia triticina (Ptr) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and suppresses the development of rust fungi on the plant surface. Wheat samples with the tall wheatgrass genes Lr19, Lr38, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26 showed defence mechanisms similar to nonhosts resistance. Their influence led to disruption of the development of surface infection structures and fungal death when trying to penetrate the stomata (prehaustorial resistance or stomatal immunity). Obviously, a change in the chemical properties of fungal surface structures of races virulent to Lr19, Lr24, Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 leads to a decrease in their adaptability to the environment. This possibly determined the durable resistance of cultivars to leaf and stem rusts in different regions. Alien genes with a similar effect are of interest for breeding cultivars with durable resistance to rust diseases and engineering crops with the help of molecular technologies.

A Bayesian approach for estimating the uncertainty on the contribution of nitrogen fixation and calculation of nutrient balances in grain legumes

BackgroundThe proportion of nitrogen (N) derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) is a fundamental component of the plant N demand in legume species. To estimate the N benefit of grain legumes for the subsequent crop in the rotation, a simplified N balance is frequently used. This balance is calculated as the difference between fixed N and removed N by grains. The Ndfa needed to achieve a neutral N balance (hereafter θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ heta$$\\end{document}) is usually estimated through a simple linear regression model between Ndfa and N balance. This quantity is routinely estimated without accounting for the uncertainty in the estimate, which is needed to perform formal statistical inference about θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ heta$$\\end{document}. In this article, we utilized a global database to describe the development of a novel Bayesian framework to quantify the uncertainty of θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ heta$$\\end{document}. This study aimed to (i) develop a Bayesian framework to quantify the uncertainty of θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ heta$$\\end{document}, and (ii) contrast the use of this Bayesian framework with the widely used delta and bootstrapping methods under different data availability scenarios.ResultsThe delta method, bootstrapping, and Bayesian inference provided nearly equivalent numerical values when the range of values for Ndfa was thoroughly explored during data collection (e.g., 6–91%), and the number of observations was relatively high (e.g., ≥100\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ge 100$$\\end{document}). When the Ndfa tested was narrow and/or sample size was small, the delta method and bootstrapping provided confidence intervals containing biologically non-meaningful values (i.e. < 0% or > 100%). However, under a narrow Ndfa range and small sample size, the developed Bayesian inference framework obtained biologically meaningful values in the uncertainty estimation.ConclusionIn this study, we showed that the developed Bayesian framework was preferable under limited data conditions ─by using informative priors─ and when uncertainty estimation had to be constrained (regularized) to obtain meaningful inference. The presented Bayesian framework lays the foundation not only to conduct formal comparisons or hypothesis testing involving θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ heta$$\\end{document}, but also to learn about its expected value, variance, and higher moments such as skewness and kurtosis under different agroecological and crop management conditions. This framework can also be transferred to estimate balances for other nutrients and/or field crops to gain knowledge on global crop nutrient balances.

Nutritional Properties of Wild Edible Plants with Traditional Use in the Catalan Linguistic Area: A First Step for Their Relevance in Food Security.

Wild food plants (WFPs) are crucial for the subsistence of many human populations. While there are at least 7000 edible plant species in the world, only approximately 420 are considered food crops. WFPs are often studied from the phytochemical and pharmacological point of view, because they include available food components with nutraceutical value. The present study aims to highlight the nutritional value of WFPs traditionally used in the Catalan linguistic area, providing detailed insights and discussing the significance of these properties. Information about the nutritional properties of 93 taxa, coming from ethnobotanical prospection, has been collected through an extensive bibliographic research. The results reveal that WFPs are rich in nutrients, especially micronutrients. Furthermore, in selected species, those for which nutritional information and a cultivated homologue are available, the nutrient content in wild taxa exceeds than of phylogenetically related crop plants with similar use. Traditional wild plant preparation forms for food and the nutritional value of a menu constituted by wild food plants are presented. This research represents a preliminary step toward selecting certain taxa that could be developed into new small- or large-scale crops or sustainably harvested in the wild, contributing to food security.

Advancing multiple ecosystem service assessment in the tropics: Evidence from Barekese and Owabi watersheds in Ghana

Watershed ecosystems are important for the provision of multiple ecosystem services (ES) that are critical to human welfare. Few studies particularly in the tropics assess the multiple ecosystem services, economic value, and effect of land use change on economic value. This paper provides evidence of the quantitative. economic value and effect of land use change on the economic value of watershed ESs from Barekese and Owabi in Ghana. Geospatial analysis and the stated preference method were used for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected from households, institutions, and other sources to quantify and estimate ecosystem services. The geospatial analysis showed that forest degradation and deforestation have increased over the last three decades in the watershed with settlements and cropland being the major land use changes. The two watersheds provide many ecosystem services, including provisioning services (water, fuelwood, bushmeat, fish), regulating services (carbon sequestration, water supply, water purification, soil fertility), and cultural services (ecotourism). An aggregated economic value for the ESs of GH₵ 707.701 x 106 ($144.428 x 106) was estimated for the two watersheds. For the different sites, the economic value for the Barekese and Owabi watersheds were $110.645 x 106 ($6609.06/ha/yr) and $33.783 x 106 ($5857.76/ha/yr) respectively. Our analysis showed that conversion of forest to other land uses resulted in a significant reduction in the value of ecosystem services. Conversion of the watershed to Tree Crop, Food Crop, Grassland or Settlement could reduce the economic value of ESs by 4%–80 %. The study demonstrates that ecosystem services assessment could provide important information for conservation and development policies related to watershed management in the tropics. To ensure ecosystem service supply, the risks of land use change should be considered in watershed conservation strategies including land use zoning and adaptive management systems.

Using Eco-Friendly Nano-Polymers in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The major target of this research is to synthesize an eco-friendly coagulant, based on a biomaterial (potato starch) that contribute in industrial wastewater treatment. From this work an eco-friendly nano-polymer was produced from potato starch. Successfully not only the potatoes were used, but also the potato peel, which has an economic impact on reducing the amount of water wasted in planting such an important crop as the potatoes all over the world. Because of increasing the need for food production and changing the dietary pattern, the development of potato industry has become the first among all food crops in most of the countries. As a result potato starch became the most popular type among the polysaccharides. To achieve this, the experimental work started by extracting the starch from the potato and potato waste (peels). In order to enhance the potato starch characteristics, the synthesis of starch nano-particles (StNPs) was conducted by gelatinization using a mixture of sodium hydroxide along with glycerol in aqueous medium throughout the reaction process, while settling down the StNPs which was done by homogenization at ambient temperature. Characterization was done on both native potato starch and starch nano-particles using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The second part of the experimental work is to test the eco-friendly starch nano-particles (starch-based coagulants) in industrial wastewater treatment, and to evaluate its effectiveness as a coagulant against the most commonly used synthetic polymer (PolyDADMAC) playing the same roll in industry and whether it can really replace it or not.

Understanding the chemical language mediating maize immunity and environmental adaptation.

Diverse networks of specialized metabolites promote plant fitness by mediating beneficial and antagonistic environmental interactions. In maize (Zea mays), constitutive and dynamically formed cocktails of terpenoids, benzoxazinoids, oxylipins, and phenylpropanoids contribute to plant defense and ecological adaptation. Recent research has highlighted the multifunctional nature of many specialized metabolites, serving not only as elaborate chemical defenses that safeguard against biotic and abiotic stress but also as regulators in adaptive developmental processes and microbiome interactions. Great strides have also been made in identifying the modular pathway networks that drive maize chemical diversity. Translating this knowledge into strategies for enhancing stress resilience traits has the potential to address climate-driven yield losses in one of the world's major food, feed, and bioenergy crops.

Analysis of Supply Chain Management Against Operations of PT Benih Citra Asia

PT Benih Citra Asia is a company that operates in industry in agriculture, in particular industry seeds of food and horticultural crops which are the result of plant breeding (Plant Breeding). This research aims to analyze the effect of implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) on the operations of PT Benih Citra Asia. This research uses qualitative methods by conducting in-depth interviews and direct observation as data collection techniques. The research results show that implementation of Supply Chain Management at PT Benih Citra Asia has had a significant positive impact on the company's operational efficiency. Supply Chain Management helps optimize the flow of goods and information throughout the supply chain, which contributes to smooth production processes and responsiveness to market changes. Good collaboration between departments, especially between the Plant and IT divisions, is very important to ensure that product information is always up to date and accurate. Apart from that, this research also found that raw material inventory management that is difficult to predict and fluctuations in customer demand are the main challenges in Supply Chain Management. To overcome this problem, closer collaboration with suppliers and customers is required as well as the use of advanced information technology to improve visibility and coordination between departments. Overall, this research confirms that Supply Chain Management is a key factor in improving the efficiency and operations of PT Benih Citra Asia. Cross-departmental collaboration and effective communication are critical elements in successful implementation of Supply Chain Management.

Effect of crop establishment methods and nutrient management of rice residues on yields of succeeding lentil

Effect of crop establishment methods and nutrient management of rice residues on yields of succeeding lentil

Herbicidal and Nitrogen Efficacy on Weed Management in Wheat Fields of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Weeds can significantly affect crop yield and nutrient uptake, making effective management crucial in wheat fields. This study, conducted during the winter (Rabi) season of 2018-19 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, aimed to assess the combined impact of different nitrogen levels and herbicide treatments on weed control and wheat production. The objective was to determine the best practices for reducing weed competition and improving crop performance. The experiment was set up using a split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of 3 nitrogen levels and 5 weed control methods. The study identified nine prevalent weed species in wheat fields, including Phalaris minor, Anagallis arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Chenopodium album, Melilotus indicus, Vicia sativa, Medicago denticulata, Solanum nigrum, and Cyperus rotundus, with Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album and Vicia sativa being the most dominant. The application of Sulfosulfuron (25 g ha-1) combined with 2, 4-D (750 ml ha-1) resulted in the lowest weed density and biomass and the highest weed control efficiency. Additionally, performing hand weeding twice (30 and 60 days after sowing) in conjunction with 180 kg N ha-1, followed by the application of Sulfosulfuron (25 g ha-1) + 2, 4-D (750 ml ha-1), significantly reduced Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album and Vicia sativa population and biomass and improved weed control effectiveness. Higher weed dry weight and population results in lower plant nutrient uptake and lower dry matter of crop plant and yield.

Remora‐CNN: A Novel and Effective Method for Rice Leaf Disease Detection and Classification

ABSTRACTFor millions of people worldwide, rice is one of the main food crops. Nevertheless, while being grown, rice is susceptible to many diseases. Most rice plant diseases are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, including nematodes, viroids, fungus, viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms, as well as temperature and other environmental factors. Thus, an automatic early classification of leaf disease is necessary to improve the rice yield. In this paper, for identifying and categorizing the rice leaf disease, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used, and the CNN is trained using the Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA). A better classification outcome is attained by performing the segmentation process using K‐means with the Fractional Tangential‐Spherical Kernel (FTSK) algorithm. Furthermore, the developed Remora Optimization‐ Convolutional Neural Network (Remora‐CNN) method achieved the optimal performance based on the testing accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.925, 0.931, and 0.941 using the Rice Leaf Disease Image Samples Dataset.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and meta-QTLs mapping reveal the regulatory mechanism of cold tolerance in rice at the budding stage

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most extensively farmed food crops, but its development and productivity are significantly impacted by cold stress during the budding period. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on two types of rice: the cold-sensitive indica rice A117 and the substantially cold-tolerant japonica rice B106 under control and cold treatments. Differentially expressed genes between the two materials under cold conditions were analyzed using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The results revealed that processes such as the TCA cycle, glycolysis/glycogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutathione metabolism contribute to B106's cold tolerance. Additionally, an enrichment analysis of cold-induced genes in each material and shared genes identified significant enrichment in pathways such as glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Initial cold tolerance QTLs at the rice bud stage were collected from published literature, and meta-QTL mapping identified 9 MQTLs. Gene expression profiling led to the identification of 75 potential DEGs within the 9 MQTLs region, from which four candidate genes (Os02g0194100, Os03g0802500, Os05g0129000, and Os07g0462000) were selected using qRT-PCR and gene annotation. These findings provide genetic resources for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying rice's response to cold stress during the bud stage.

Beyond tradition: charting a greener future for cassava starch industry using multi-criteria decision-making

Cassava, a staple food crop, is widely used for starch production, but its inconsistent supply, price volatility, and substantial waste generation pose challenges to the cassava industrial market's growth. This study aims to identify a sustainable biorefinery pathway by optimizing conventional cassava starch plants (business-as-usual, BAU) for economic and environmental benefits. Four scenarios were evaluated: animal feed from peel waste (Scenario 1), fungal protein from thippi waste (Scenario 2), fish feed from digested wastewater (Scenario 3), and conversion of all waste streams into animal feed, fish feed, and fungal protein (Scenario 4). Scenario 4 emerged as the best pathway using the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, with a performance score of 0.282. Despite the highest energy consumption (18.91 MWh), Scenario 4 was favored for producing four value-added products alongside starch, yielding the highest profit at USD 8.85 million. In contrast, profits for BAU, Scenario 1, Scenario 2, and Scenario 3 were 1.91, 2.30, 5.01, and USD 8.79 million, respectively. Waste valorization in Scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 resulted in CO2 avoidance of 36.5., 42.6., 21.7, and 57.45 t CO2eq., respectively. However, producing value-added products increased energy consumption by 13, 73, 7, and 74% compared to BAU (4.58 MWh). The global warming potential analysis showed negative values for scenarios 2 and 4, at -436 and -434 kg CO2eq./t root, respectively. This study highlights the potential of a biorefinery approach for sustainable cassava starch production, providing insights for future research and policy development.

Review On Potato Peels: Great Sources Of Healthy Ingredients

The potato is one of the mankinds and valuable food crops. Potatoes are also fat-free, gluten-free, plant-based, affordable, and a quality carbohydrate. Since potatoes are the common vegetable in kitchen and huge quantity used per day, so like many others, we also throw potato peels into the garbage bin for disposed it. Due to high content of polyphenols and phenolic acids in potato peels it act as a strong natural antioxidant and recorded to be 10 times higher than their flesh concentration and useful to reduced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress etc. Peels of potatoes are the good source of iron, potassium, calcium and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is the predominant vitamin in potatoes. Also several B vitamins (niacin, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxine) are present in peels of potato. In a word potato peels are the natural source of major nutrients, vitamins. In this review paper, We mainly emphasis on the chemical compositions, nutritional values and other applications of potato peels

Climate Change Trends And Its Effects On The Production Of Selected Food Crops: Evidence From Amaro Kelle District Of Southern Ethiopia

Amaro Kelle district of Southern Ethiopia is a rainfall-based agricultural districts that is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and risk. This study analyzed climate change trends and effects on the selected food crops production: evidence from the Amaro Kelle district of Southern Ethiopia. Secondary data on climate change trends and food crop production from the Ethiopian national meteorological agency and the Amaro Kelle agricultural and rural development office were used for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the data on temperature, rainfall and crop production trends. The result on Trend analysis showed an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures at the rate of 0.056 and 0.0787 0C per 32 years, while there is a decrease in annual rainfall at the rate of -7.6012 mm per 32 years. These climatic conditions increased maize and sorghum productivity at the rate of 713.69 and 376.56 tonnes per 12 years, respectively, and decreased productivity of teff and wheat at the rate of -2618.5 and -30.892 tonnes per 12 years, respectively. These findings indicated that climate change positively and negatively affected the district's food crop production and food security. Finally, the study recommends that farmers in the district should focus on the cultivation of those crops that correlate positively with increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall trend in the study area.