Food Crops Sub-sector Research Articles

The Influence Of Fiscal Policy On Agriculture Sector In Java Island

One of government interventions to encourage the improvement of agriculture sector output is through fiscal policy in the form of government spending. Total government expenditure in provincial aggregate is used as government spending. The availability of fiscal decentralization policy provides an opportunity for the provincial government to manage the government expenditure allocation. This research aims to discover the influence of fiscal policy in Java by using the government expenditure variable and to find the influence of foreign investment, domestic investment and agricultural labor absorption toward GRDP of agriculture subsectors. This research used regression analysis of cross section SUR fixed effect panel data. The results indicate the total expenditure having significant positive effect towards GRDP of agriculture subsectors are the subsectors of food crops, plantation, livestock and fishery. Forestry subsector cannot be analyzed further because the error is not normally distributed. The absorption of labor in agriculture sector has significant negative effect towards plantation and livestock subsectors. The foreign investment has significant positive effect towards livestock subsector and domestic investment has negative significant influence towards GRDP of food crops subsector. The provincial government needs to support agriculture subsectors by allocating expenditure that will increase GRDP of agriculture subsectors and increasing foreign direct investment and domestic investment to agriculture subsectors.

Sikap Pemuda Desa Terhadap Usahatani Salak Organik dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Minat Berusahatani Salak Organik

One of the problems that occur in agricultural sector is farmer regeneration. Farmer regeneration problem does not only occur in food crop sub-sector, but also in horticulture sub-sector. One of the commodities in horticultural sub-sector which also have this problem is salak. This study aims to determine the attitude of the young generation (village youth) toward salak organic farming along with its influencing factors, and to analyze the influence of village youth attitudes towards interest of village youth to continue salak organic farming. The study was conducted in Turi District, which is the center for salak production in Sleman Regency, with a total sample of 164 village youth taken by census technique. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and simple regression analysis. The results showed that role of new media and the role of agricultural extensionist had negative and significant effect on the attitudes of village youth, while the perceptions of village youth on organic salak farming and the role of parents had a positive effect on village youth attitudes towards labor factors in farming. In addition, the attitude of village youth significantly affected the interest of village youth to continue organic salak farming.

Pengembangan Kawasan Pertanian Berbasis Tanaman Pangan di Kecamatan Wuluhan, Kabupaten Jember

<p>This study aims to understand the base commodities of food crops in agricultural sector development at Wuluhan District, Jember Regency, to understand the distribution of agricultural support facilities in each village, and to determine strategies for food crop-based agriculture area development at the area. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with analysis conducted in 2011-2015 using Location Quotient, Scalogram and SWOT analysis techniques. Location Quotient analysis results show that base commodities during 2011-2015 are corn and sweet potato. Scalogram<br />results show that Wuluhan District has agricultural facilities and infrastructures in the criteria of<br />hierarchy III and hierarchy IV. Based on the results of SWOT analysis on leading commodities of the food crop subsector in Wuluhan District, the development strategy is in quadrant I or is an aggressive<br />strategy. Aggressive strategy in this study is used as a strength in utilizing opportunities from region’s potential in order to develop agricultural areas through the role of farmers or farmer groups’ institution, farmer business credit, human resources, and mutual cooperation systems for rice field<br />watering or irrigation.</p>

Simulation of Government Policy Impact on Food Security and Poverty in Aceh

Insufficient food availability causes most of food need in Indonesia fulfilled by import. This study aims to analyze the influence of government policy on food security and poverty in Aceh. It uses panel data of 21 regencies in 2007 to 2016 which were selected based on agricultural sector. Data were analyzed using 2 SLS method. Historical simulations are used to simulate food security in Aceh. The analysis showed that a single policy alone, for example to increase government spending, would not effective to increase food security and reduce poverty in Aceh. Combination of policies in increasing government spending on food crops sub-sector, followed by stabilization on food price is the most effective way to improve food security and reduce poverty. To increase farmer’s capital assistance, especially for poor farmers, government may bear some of the cost of production to produce food by providing working capital assistance in the form of a special program financing.

PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN BUDIDAYA JAGUNG UNTUK PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN KABUPATEN PEMALANG

Pemalang Regency had low economic rate, based on agriculture sector especially food crop sub-sector with Paddy and Maize as main contributor, had a high paddy fields conversion wich decreased the economic rate through Paddy production decreasement. The main objective of this research were to compose the Maize cultivation area development planning for Pemalang Regency economy improvement. The method used in this research were: mapping the Maize cultivation existing area, land suitability and availability evaluation, analysis of economic, marketing and correlation between Maize production with GDP growth and employment absorption. The results showed that there were about 1,804 ha of exsisting Maize cultivation area and 4,276 ha marginally suitable (S3) potential land. The Maize development were be feasible to be continued. Best benifit obtained from the channel that composed by Farmer-Depot-Industry, it gave lowest margin and highest farmer's share. The Maize market in integrated condition. Allocation potential land and 285.66 ha of Perhutani’s area predicted gave 5.94% of agriculture sector increasement and absorb all unemployment in Pemalang Regency.

Analisis Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kawasan Sentra Produksi Subsektor Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

<p class="ISI-Paragraf">This study aims to analyze economic growth of production centers of leading agricultural commodities food crops in West Sumatera Province. The data used in this study are secondary data with descriptive analysis tool by comparing the economic growth: GDP, agricultural sector and food crop subsector in West Sumatera Province before and after the establishment of production centers for food commodities. The productivity level of leading agricultural commodities in each region that has been determined tends to fluctuate and have not always increased. The rate of economic growth reflected in GDP of the food crops actually decreased significantly from 2014 to 2016. This illustrates that the establishment of production center areas has not fully been able to increase the productivity of production centers nor increase the economic growth of food crops subsector, agricultural sector and the overall economic growth rate in West Sumatera Province.</p>

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

Peran Sektor Pertanian Arti Luas dalam Perekonomian Papua (Pendekatan Model Input-Output)

The aim of this study is to know contribution of agriculture sectors on Gross Domestic Product of Papua in 2002 based on input-output table analysis. The result of analyzing shows that contribution of agriculture sectors in broad meaning to Gross Domestic Regional Product of Papua about 20,11% . Based on backward linkage analysis, it describes that plantations subsector; animal husbandry subsector and fishery subsector have an increase number in backward linkage, on the other hand backward linkage of food crops goes down. Furthermore, forward linkage of agriculture sectors which have link with others sector is fall in 2002. In conclusion, contribution of agriculture setors on Gross Domestic Regional product of Papua in 2002 is still low. In case link internal sector in agriculture sector such as animal husbandry with food crops subsector and plantations subsector are higher than forestry subsector. Therefore, anything which need to be considered by Papua Government are government provides stimulus agriculture sectors that have high link with others sector and also considers sectors that have strong backward and forward linkage in economic Papua.

Analisis Peranan Subsektor Tanaman Pangan terhadap Perekonomian Jawa Barat

Agriculture sector plays important role in regional development. Agriculture sector’s role involves other sectors such as input provider, feed provider, Gross Domestic Product provider, labor provider, and household income main source. One of agriculture subsector is food crop whereas paddy, corn, and soybean are food crop commodities that have important and stategic roles in development. Their production are targeted to achieve self sufficiency by 2017. The main objective of this research was to analyze the role of food crop subsector to West Java’s economy. The specific objective of this research involve output structure analysis, gross added value structure analysis, linkage analysis, and final demand impact analysis. This research employs secondary data. Secondary data used West Java Input-Output Table 2010. Secondary data analysis applies input output anaylisis to answer objective of this research among output structure analysis, gross added value structure analysis, linkage analysis, final demand impact analysis. The results showed that the food crop’s output structure and gross value added structure tends to low. Food crop also does not show strong linkage with its upstream sectors and downstream sectors. Final demand impact to output, gross added value, and household income also show that the food sector is low even though the food crop has better ability to absorb labor than of processing industry sector.

Food crops production efficiency analysis in Indonesia in 1971-2008

Food crops market in Indonesia is very large. But its slow growth and contribution to economy indicate a negative trend of this subsector efficiency. This study aims to determine, explain and predict the tendency of the efficiency of food crops subsector efficiencies in Indonesia, specifically rice and other food crops. The method used is based time series Leontief input-output table in technology coefficient changes, as approach of cost efficiency in production. The results showed that the efficiency of rice subsector production during 1971-2008 decreased very sharp. The efficiency of other food crops subsector production (beans, corn, vegetables and fruits and other food crops that are not mentioned previously) show an increase in efficiency. It is indicate that other food crops subsector in Indonesia is more attractive than the rice subsector. Both subsectors tend to be more inefficient in the future if no fundamental government policy to support.

ANALYSIS OF MAIN COMMODITY IN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN PROTECTED FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT MODEL

The objective of the research is to identify which main commodity crops can be developed in three sub- districts, within KPHL Model Hulu Sungai Selatan. The research was carried out during July to December 2016 in three sub-districts, namely: Loksado; Padang Batung; and Telaga Langsat, located within Hulu Sungai Selatan, South Kalimantan. Primary data and secondary data were collected during this research. Secondary data, in the form of time series which includes forest product and horticultural commodities data (food crops, palawija crops, vegetables) during the period of 2011-2015, which refer from Statistics Indonesia (Central Bureau of Statistic). Location Quotient (LQ) and Shif Share Analysis (SSA) method were used to analyze the collected data during this research. The result showed that food crops commodity and food crops sub-sector which become the main commodities of sub-districts within Hulu Sungai Selatan KPHL were peanuts in Loksado sub-district, cassava and paddy in Padang Batung sub-district. For the vegetable sub-sector, there was no main vegetable commodity because it only comparative or competitive advantage. For plantation and forestry commodities, the main commodities in Loksado sub-district were rubber and candlenuts, while for Padang Batung sub-district was rubber plant.

ANALISIS BIAYA MANFAAT PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN FOOD ESTATE DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERENCANAAN WILAYAH : STUDI KASUS PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

<em>Food Estate Development Program is an investment project on food cropsubsector in the form of business activities with large-scale cultivation (> 25 ha), especially rice commodities. The present study aims to analyze economic feasibility of Food Estate Development Program. The methode used to answer the research was NPV, IRR, BCR, Pay Back Period and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the NPV is positive amounted 153.761,83 billions rupiah, IRR of 63%, BCR of 1,25, Pay Back Period of 8 years and the sensitivity analysis of sensitive to changes in prices of inputs and outputs. From the above considerations investment criteria, indicates that program is economically feasible.</em>

Factors Affecting GRDP and Efficiency Level of Food Crops Sub-sector in East Java

The strategic roles of agriculture are provider of food and raw material for the industry, as well as contributor of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), foreign exchange earnings, and the main employer. Based on the total GRDP of agriculture, food crops have the highest value compared to other subsectors. However, when compared to other sectors, the the total GRDP of the agricultural sector inin East Java is still lower than that of the manufacturing and trade sectors. To increase its contribution, agricultural sector needs policies, regulations, programs and specific intervention for food crops performance in each district. The objectives of the study were to analyze factors affecting the GRDP of food crops sub-sector in East Java, and to analyze the efficiency level of the food crop sub-sector in the districts/cities in East Java. The research method was the Stochastic Frontier Analysis with Front 4.1 application. The dependent variable was GRDP of food crops, and the independent variables consist of irrigated land, dry land area, the number of agricultural labors, the number of subsidized fertilizer, the subsidized of two-wheel tractors, and water pump. Based on the survey, the factors that significantly influence the GDP were irrigated land area, dry land area, number of employees, and subsidized two-wheeled tractors. The findings suggested that the area of irrigated land, dry land, the number of labor, and the subsidized two-wheel tractor had significant effect towards the GRDP of the food crops sub-sector. However, the amount of subsidized fertilizer and water pump assistance did not significantly affect the GRDP of the food crops sub-sector. The average efficiency level of the food crops sub-sector in East Java was 0.77 with a minimum efficiency of 0.44 in Mojokerto City and the maximum efficiency in Gresik was 0.96. The central regions of the food crop sub-sector had an average of high efficiency, while the low-efficiency regions were the urban areas.

PENENTUAN KOMODITAS UNGGULAN PERTANIAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR

The objectives of this study are (!) to know the leading subsector in agricultural sector (2) to identify potential commodities in each agricultural subsectors in East Ogan Komering Ulu District (3) to determine pattern of subsectors and leading commodities of agricultural sector in Ogan Ulu Timur District. Time series date are used in this study namely PDRB data based on current price (2007-2011) and agricultura; commodities harvested area during range time years (2008-2012)The result of analysis that food-stuff crop subsector and of plantation crop subsector represent is leading agricultural subsector in PKU Timur District. Leading agricultural commodities are cucumber, spinach, swamp, cabbage, banana, chayote, chili dan paddy. Leading plasntations crops are pepper, cocoa, kapok, rubber, and coconuts hybrid.Growth patterns of leading subsectors and commodity in agricultural sectors in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur District consist of Plantation and and forestry subsector as grow fast subsector. While crops subsector foodcrops subsector includes advanced but depressed, while Animal Husbandry and Fisheries includes subsector lagging behid. Some of leading commodities such as foodscrops subsector consisting of corn, spinach, banana and sapodilla os a commodity advance and grow fast; while rice, sweet potatos eggplant, cucumber, squash, duku, mango, jackfruit, rambutan and barking is a grow fast commodity; whereas peanuts, soybeans, kale, durian, and mangosteen is advance but depressed commodity; cassava, green beans, string beans, chili is great, cayenne, pepper, tomato, avocado and starfruit are commodities lagging behind. The leading commodities crops such as rubber and pepper plantations are advanced and grow fast commodity ; while coconut, cocoa, cotton and sgar included grow fast commodity; while palm oil is a commodity advance but depressed; for coffee and hazelnut included commodities lagging behind.

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON RELATIVE PRICE VARIABILITY OF FOOD CROPS AND INFLATION IN NIGERIA

<p>Prices of food crops in Nigeria tend to exhibit similar trend with inflation. The study therefore established quantitatively relationships among agricultural policy, relative price variability (RPV) of food crops and inflation in Nigeria. Data for the study includes annual producer prices (nominal) and output of food crops and annual inflation rate obtained from the publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, Food and Agricultural Organisation and Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research covering the period of 1970-2009. Analytical tools used were RPV index and Error Correction Method (ECM). The results showed that the variables are stationary at their levels. As inflation increases, RPV of food crops also increases both in short run (0.0002) and the long run (0.0310). Civilian Post-Structural Adjustment Period Policies (CPSAP) caused a significant reduction in inflation and consequently reduced the RPV of food crops in the long run. There is a need for policies that will buffer the food crop sub-sector from the effects of inflation. Policies that reduce the rate of inflation and minimise RPV among food crops are needed. Effective management of inefficiencies and misallocation of resources in the sub-sector should be explored.</p>

ANALISIS KOMODITAS UNGGULAN TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA DI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

Mempawah Regency Government has a mission to improving the economy that oriented to the community. The goal is to develop the economy through food security (agriculture commodity crops, horticulture, livestock, fisheries and biodiversity) and reinforced by forests management and plantations to improve the welfare of farmers. Mempawah regency is one of the regencys that the economic life of the people still depend on agribusiness system, particularly the agricultural sector. Based on the (Gross Regional Domestic Product) GRDP value of Mempawah Regencys years 2008 to 2012 the agricultural sector, especially the food crops subsector has the highest contribution to Mempawah Regency’s GRDP compared to other subsectors. The goal of this study is to analyze which subsector that became the basis of agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency and the leading commodity of food crops and horticulture. This study uses three analysis tools i.e Dynamic Location Quotient Analysis to analyze what is the basis of the agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency. Shift-Share Analysis and Growth Ratio Model Analysis to analyze any commodity which is the leading commodities of food crops and horticulture. The results from this study is, subsectors which are the basis of the agricultural sector in the Mempawah Regency is the food crops, forestry, and fishery subsector. The leading commodity in the Mempawah Regency of food crops are rice, the leading commodities of vegetables are cucumbers and kangkung, and the leading commodity of fruits are bananas.Keywords : Basis, Leading Sector, Food Crops Subsector and Horticulture

Crop substitution behavior among food crop farmers in Ghana: an efficient adaptation to climate change or costly stagnation in traditional agricultural production system?

This study analyzes impact of climate change on yield, planting decisions and output of five major food crops (cassava, maize, sorghum, rice and yam) in Ghana. Results of Multivariate Tobit Model show that yield, planting decisions and output of cassava, maize, sorghum and rice will increase as a result of climate change. This is in clear contrast to the hypothesis that warming and drying will reduce crop yields in countries located within the tropics. Climate change impact on yields, planting decisions and output of yam is projected to be negative. Analysis of planting decisions indicates that climate change will stimulate farmers to allocate more land for cassava, maize, sorghum and rice cultivation. It is observed that farmers respond to positive impact of climate on yields of cassava, maize, sorghum and rice by reallocating more land for the cultivation of these crops, which is in line with neoclassical understanding of producer behavior. In contrast, farmers' response to price rise does not display a consistent pattern. By and large, farmers respond weakly to price increases. This peculiar trait of food crop farmers can stifle the future development of the food crop subsector in Ghana.

Food Security in Nigeria: The Role of Peasant Farmers in Nigeria

Food security has become an issue of global concern in the recent time. Nigeria, with her huge endowed natural and human resources is not spared. Nigerian food crisis is a product of colonial disorientation that has led to neglect of the peasant agriculture and food crops sub-sector as well as over reliance on cash crops production and the oil sector. Nigeria still has the potentials to be food-secure if the following strategies are adopted and implemented: rural development, provision of easy access to basic farm inputs, adequate budgetary allocations to agriculture particularly to the food crop sub-sector, enunciation of appropriate policies for food crop sub-sector, political stability, reduction in rural poverty, and peasant farmers‟ education. Key Words: Food security, Disorientation, Peasant farmers, Role, Strategies