Folk Texts Research Articles

Comparative analysis of linguacultural features of english and uzbek fairytales (based on the plots of “Tom thumb” and “Nohatpolvon”)

The paper examines linguacultural characteristics of English and Uzbek fairytales. The relevance of the study is determined by great interest of linguistic science to the issues of national and cultural specificity of folk texts, which is caused by peculiarities of historical development, beliefs, traditions and customs of people. The objective of the study is to reveal traditional and cultural characteristics of the English and Uzbek tales by means of their linguacultural analysis which is based on the plots of the similar fairytales in two languages. This paper is divided into two sections. The first section examines linguacultural features of the literary tales in two languages. They are characterised by the variety of lexical and stylistic means and a diversity of characters and plots. The second section gives an overview of differences and similarities of fairytales of two different western and eastern cultures. The results of the investigation can be effectively used for a further profound comparative analysis of sociolinguistic and linguacultural features of English and Uzbek tales.

Cultural codes: the semantics of bread in english proverbs and sayings

An anthropological character of the language is one of the most current research paradigms of linguistic culturology. Within the mentioned aspect, language is considered a system of signs to which a group of people ascribes certain meanings in accordance with the specifics of their world perception and processing. Proverbs and sayings are texts that contain didactic and cultural information on values and representations of different ethnic groups. Traditional nature is the key feature of folklore texts, and in this context paroemias can be investigated as cliches that include culturally explained signs or codes, combination of which forms the language of culture, structures and estimates the reality. The aim of the paper is to reveal semantic characteristics of a gastronomic word ‘bread’ in English folklore on the examples of proverbs and sayings. The objectives were the following: to study the texts of paroemias with the component ‘bread’ and its synonym ‘loaf’; to determine semantic groups (macrofields) defining functional, axiological and mythological aspects of bread; to identify traditional representations verbalized in English paroemias. To obtain the aim of research we applied the methods of contextual, semantic, semiotic and interpretative analyses; the complex of applied methods allowed revealing key symbolic meanings of the basic food in English folk texts. In the course of the study we obtained the following results: in paroemias there is a mythologem of the bread alone and spiritual bread; we found some texts verbalizing a topic of punishing for sins by hunger; gastronomic code ‘bread’ reflects the elements of archaic and domestic traditions of England as well as realia, euphemisms and superstitions; bread serves an instrument for comparison, a symbol of Christian religion denoting the God’s gift; bread is the main attribute of wellness and poverty, labour and idleness, it represents basic demand in food and material values in the life of a human-being.

TOPONYMS OF BOYKO SONGS

The article analyzed toponyms used by boykos in songs. Any proper names used in folk art are the object of study of folklore onomastics. Today, this science is in the field of view of many researchers who characterize both folk prose and folk songs from the point of view of proper names. On the basis of the source "Boyko Folk Songs" (vols. 1–2), 322 folklore toponyms were analyzed. The toponymic composition of the songs of the Boyko region was taken into account because of the autochthonous nature of the region and the preservation of many linguistic and cultural features of our people. The main points raised in this article were a wide representation of various types of toponyms preserved in the folklore of the Boikos, the reproduction of the verbal environment of the onym and the clarification of typical compatibility, as well as the clarification of the frequency of the use of such names and their functions in the folk text. As a result, it was found that oikonyms (148), choronyms (110), microtoponyms (38) and oronyms (26) function the most in songs. Onyms in the folk art of the Boykos correlate primarily with the plot, thematic and genre specifics of the texts. Toponyms are often combined with adjectives, pronouns and are also accompanied by prepositions, which emphasize and enhance the locativeness of the folk song space. The most frequent in the texts are the oikonym Lviv, the choronym Ukraine, the microtoponym Magura and the oronym Makivka. These toponyms vividly identify the national and symbolic expanse. Fixed proper names mainly perform identification, locative, emotional and symbolic functions. Therefore, in the course of the analysis, the view that folklore toponyms are the national and cultural map of Ukraine, our value, engraved in words, was confirmed. Such names contain information about the history of the region, about the landscape, social and cultural diversity of the Boykivshchyna.

Petru Rezuș și folclorul literar bucovinean

Literary folklore in Bukovina represents an important segment for the development and evolution of ethnographic culture in Romania, especially through several important folklore collectors in this area, one of them being Petru Rezuș. Along with his predecessors and contemporaries, the theologian from Suceava, with in-depth studies at Chernivtsi, realized in a modern manner a corpus of folk texts of epic and folk lyric (including legends, stories, songs and ballads) from the Rădăuți region and its surrounding area. Having his teacher Leca Morariu, another famous Bukovinian folklorist, as a mentor and role model, Petru Rezuș learned not only the techniques of the collection of folk material, but he improved and personalized his working style, in terms of bringing together the collected popular texts. Petru Rezuș is especially distinguished by the multitude of the collected folk texts, which offer, both in content and structure, a special discourse, with various and numerous Romanian mythological symbols. In this paper, we aim to briefly present the most significant aspects regarding the theme of the collected folk texts but especially, highlighting some mythological and anthropological symbols, which beautify the Bukovinian folk discourse. At the same time, the analysis of the texts, relevant to the topic of the report, aims to identify and present symbolic characters for the history and evolution of the Bukovinian literary folklore. As for the bibliography used for the elaboration of the scientific content of the material, several specialized works dedicated to the folklorists of Bukovina can be listed, such as: The Encyclopedia of Bukovina, coordinated by Emil Satco, the History of Romanian Literature in Bukovina, 1775–1918, by Constantin Loghin, but also a series of press articles on the subject. The corpus of texts collected by Petru Rezuș is representative for the literary folklore in Bukovina.

Documente folclorice muzicale din Bucovina, culese de Alexandru Voevidca

This article is an evocation of Alexandru Voevidca, a teacher and folklorist due to whom the folk song from Bukovina entered the national patrimony in the last century. The pages that follow constitute a part of a larger research, which analyses the contribution of researchers on the field of traditional culture in historical Bukovina (representatives of Ion G. Sbiera, Simion Florea Marian, Elena Niculiță-Voronca and Alexandru Voevidca) to the development of ethnological disciplines (folkloristics, ethnography and ethnomusicology) at the beginning of the XXth century, when the efforts of redoubtable philologists and musicologists such as Ion Bianu, Ovid Densusianu, Ion Muşlea, D. G. Kiriac, Béla Bartók, Constantin Brăiloiu, to orientate and present Romanian folk researches in a European vision, are noted. In the first three decades of the last century, in the systematic research of traditional folk culture, the problem of noting syncretism in the collection of the folk text and the establishment of folklore archives returns with greater stringency. The phenomenon had already manifested itself before in Western Europe. By 1918, a first non-selective collection of the Romanian repertoire of the folk song had been made in Bukovina, followed later by a thematic classification. The approach was determined by a strong movement developed in Vienna, aimed at collecting, analysing and publishing the folklore of the different ethnic groups embedded in the empire, with the aim of defining their cultural “specificity”. Philology Professor M. Friedwagner and folklorist teacher Alexandru Voevidca linked their names to this achievement.

ON SYNONYMS IN THE EPIC TALES OF THE OKHOTSK EVENS

ON SYNONYMS IN THE EPIC TALES OF THE OKHOTSK EVENS

Топонимы в научном переводе фольклора

В статье обсуждаются принципы и методы перевода топонимов в произведениях фольклора. Частные проблемы перевода фольклора особенно актуальны в связи с возрастающим интересом к публикации архивных инедитов и вновь собираемых материалов по устному народному творчеству, а также републикации согласно новым методикам текстов, изданных ранее. Рассмотрены особенности топонимики в фольклорных повествовательных текстах разных жанров. Изучены различные способы передачи топонимов: использование устоявшихся общепринятых эквивалентов, транслитерация, частичный перевод, калькирование. Теоретической базой исследования стали новейшие русскоязычные публикации по переводоведению, а материалом - образцы фольклора, изданные в академической двуязычной серии «Памятники фольклора народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока». Методология исследования основана на системном подходе, в рамках которого группы национальных топонимов и их переводных эквивалентов соотносятся и сопоставляются как цельные системы несовпадающего объёма и характера. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что заявленная тема прежде не становилась предметом специального изучения, хотя интерес к достоверной публикации инедитов постоянно растёт. Научное издание фольклорных текстов предъявляет высокие требования к достоверности перевода. При передаче топонимики необходимо глубокое знание истории и географии региона, к которому относятся топонимы. Для большого числа национальных топонимов существуют общепринятые эквиваленты, зафиксированные в словарях и на картах, их и следует использовать во всех возможных случаях; если это невозможно, допустимо обратиться к методам, указанным ниже. Транслитерация/транскрипция допускается в тех случаях, когда устоявшегося эквивалента нет, при этом должны соблюдаться единые принципы передачи букв или звуков исходного топонима. Частичный перевод возможен, когда в составе топонима есть определители, указывающие на тип географического объекта. Калькирование - полное или частичное - применяется, когда семантика топонима ясна и его значение может быть важно для сюжета повествования. Помимо этого всегда находятся исключения: топонимы, не подпадающие в указанные категории. Дальнейшее изучение темы на более широком материале перспективно для поддержания высокого уровня научных публикаций фольклора. The article discusses the principles and methods of translation of toponyms in folklore texts. Particular problems of the translation of folklore are especially relevant taking into account the growing interest in the publication of archival inedits and newly collected materials on oral folk art, as well as the republishing of previously published texts according to new methods. The features of toponymy in folk narrative texts of different genres are considered. Various ways of transferring toponyms have been studied: the use of established translation equivalents, transliteration, partial translation, calquing. The theoretical basis of the study was the latest Russian-language publications on translation studies, and the material was folklore samples published in the academic bilingual series “Folklore Monuments of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East”. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, in which groups of national toponyms and their translation equivalents are correlated and compared as integral systems having mismatched volume and meaning. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the stated topic has not previously become the subject of special study, although interest in the reliable publication of inedites is constantly growing. The scientific publication of folklore texts places high demands on the reliability of the translation. When transferring toponyms, a deep knowledge of the history and geography of the region to which the toponyms belong is necessary. For a large number of national toponyms, there are accepted translation equivalents recorded in dictionaries and maps, and they should be used in all possible cases; if not possible, it is permissible to refer to the methods indicated below. Transliteration / transcription is allowed in cases where there is no translation equivalent; at the same time, the uniform principles for the transmission of letters or sounds of the original toponym must be observed. Partial translation is possible when the toponym contains determinants indicating the type of geographical feature. Calquing - full or partial - is used when the semantics of the toponym is clear and its meaning may be important for the plot of the narrative. In addition, there are always exceptions - toponyms that do not fall into the specified categories. Further study of the topic on a broader basis is promising for maintaining a high level of scientific publications of folklore.

Дневники Л. А. Дмитриева и Е. А. Маймина: археографическая экспедиция в Заонежье в 1948 году. Приложение. 1. Дневник Л. А. Дмитриева. 2. Полевой дневник экспедиции. 3. Перечень книг, приобретенных экспедицией 1948 года

New sources relevant to the study of the history of Russian archeography are published, i. e. the diaries of L. A. Dmitriev and E. A. Maimin that cover the period of their trip to Zaonezhye with the purpose of purchasing old books in the summer of 1948. The diaries contain valuable information on the material and spiritual culture of the post-war Zaonezhye, on local residents, Old Believers, book owners, performers of folk texts. The handwritten and printed books acquired during the expedition are kept today in the V. I. Malyshev Ancient Sources Repository at the IRLI RAS. The published texts are carefully annotated.

Folklore of Ukrainian Prisoners of War of the Period of the First World War (After the Materials of the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of a large-scale anthropological project initiated in 1915 by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. It is provided, in particular, for the phonographic fixation of the examples of spoken language of war prisoners of various nationalities who fought on the side of the Russian Empire: Armenians, Jews, Latvians, Lithuanians, Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, etc. These audio recordings, kept in the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences for more than a century, have been introduced into scientific discourse in 2018. They are encrypted and transcribed into Latin. There are the examples of folklore culture of the Ukrainians provided by 17 informants from 8 governorates of the Russian Empire of that time: Chernihiv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, Kherson, Katerynoslav, Volyn and Voronezh. Among the list of inhabited areas, where the Ukrainian informants are originated from, we come across the infamous names of the present-day Russian-Ukrainian war: Olenivka, Bakhmut (Donetsk region), Kupiansk (Kharkiv region). Recordings have been made during July–September, 1915 and in 1916 in the war prisoners’ camps in Freistadt (Austria), Reichenberg (now Liberec, the Czech Republic) and in the Vienna hospital. They have been initiated by the famous anthropologist Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), a native of Ternopil. He has been assisted by the Vienna language expert Hans Pollak (1885–1976) and the Ukrainian linguist and folklore specialist Ivan Pankevych (1887–1958), a graduate of the University of Vienna. Using the phonograph, these researchers have recorded the folk texts of different genres: the Cossack prayers, songs of literary origin, fairy tales (about animals and of novelistic nature), jokes, stories about the summer cycle calendar customs (in particular, about the women ritual dinner called bryksy) and dreams. The characteristic feature of these texts consists of the transformation of the song-like narrative into a prose; they are a valuable field material not only for the folklore specialists, but also for historians and linguists. Audio-recordings, provided by the Ukrainian war prisoners, form a part of 1899–1950s collection of the Phonogram Archives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and are included into the UNESCO Register of Documentary Heritage Memory of the World / Memory of Humanity.

The Folk Medicine Concept in Vernacular English of the XIX Century

The research is devoted to studying the Folk Medicine concept in English based on British ethnographic and folklore materials, as well as dictionaries of dialects published in the XIX and early XX centuries. The work aims to analyse the Folk Medicine concept and its representation as a component of the folk world picture, verbalised in that time’s medical language, the core of which is a set of folk nominations used to denote folk names of diseases associated with ancient medical practices. On the periphery, folk texts represent superstitions as necessary constituents of folk medical practices connected with the mentioned nominal units. A comprehensive methodology of conceptual analysis allowed identifying the basic ideas about Folk Medicine. Based on the statement that the meaningful component of the Folk Medicine concept is realised in the folk consciousness, the key verbalised nominations’ definitions denoting the disease names, and their compatibility with adjectives and verbs, were analysed. The influence of medical rites and rituals on the semantics of lexical units was proved. The analysis identified the basic semantic features of the Folk Medicine concept, including ethnonymic, colourative, anthroponymic, mythological, spatial and temporal components.

Theoretical and practical problems of translation of folk texts

One of the problems of present time is the formation of the young generation as fully developed intelligent people, worthy of the interests of a new society, the education of national psychology, national identity, and the ability to distinguish between good and evil. From this point of view, the problem of studying folklore that is part of culture, including children’s folklore, has always been relevant and important in linguistics. After all, folklore is a source of folk wisdom that allows young people to understand the traditional worldview.This research is dedicated to the study of difficulties and effective ways of forming national values in the cognitive process of a child through the use of fairy tales and their translations. Texts of fairy tales of ethnic groups residing in Kazakhstan served as the research material.Currently, great importance is attached to the development and study of national languages, and it is very important to study peculiarities of a particular national system of thinking.In the course of the research there were identified in the folklore texts certain linguistic units reflecting the specifics of the worldview of a particular people; the researchers also analyzed how these language units function in the language and the peculiarities of rendering them into another language.In connection with the knowledge and perception of the world, the culture of each nation is isolated from the other culture. Therefore, the article analyzes the concepts of the language picture of the world, ethnic stereotypes, and defines the features of their translation.Literary text, including children’s folklore, is considered as a form of translation, and the main differences between the translation of literary text are revealed. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the language of children’s folklore and methods of their translation. Three main approaches were used in translating children’s folklore, which were proved by examples. A comprehensive analysis of the totality of the ways and means of transmitting folklore in the language of the given national-cultural specificity and consideration of the issues and principles of translation into another language, identifying the linguistic and cognitive features of translation of folklore of the people of Kazakhstan determine the relevance of research.The article analyzes the principles of equivalence that are taken into account when translating folklore texts, as well as ways and means of translating linguistic and cultural features into another language. The work was carried out to collect, systematize and translate folklore material of the peoples living on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of comparative analysis of the language system of various ethnic groups, specific problems of translating folklore texts and the most effective mechanisms for transmitting source information in the target language are identified.

Фольклорний концепт: «за» і «проти» міждисциплінарної термінології

The article is dedicated to the presentation of the term folklore concept as a productive instrument of the folkloristics. Recent researches in this theme have started to consider an issue why a new interdisciplinary term should be introduced? as a rhetorical question. The place of this term in foreign studies on a folk concept and in the recent Ukrainian scientific discourse has been ascertained. The authoress’s definition of the term is submitted. The changed five-level classification of basic folklore concepts (universal-existential, emotional, individual, spatial, morally-value) is proposed. They are distinguished on the basis of research of Ukrainian historical folklore. The authoress is putting an example of folklore concept of war which helps to express the universal knowledge and the dramatic experience of Ukrainians about World Wars. It is concluded that this concept of war takes a significant and constant place in the Ukrainian folklore picture of the world. It is objectivized through a stable chain of semantic equivalents expressed by a set of notions. These conceptions function through the structure of folklore works of various genres as motivemes (or elements of motives) or as universal symbolic images. Taken together, these definitions demonstrate the cognitive potential of Ukrainian folklore as a significant information resource. It is stated in the conclusions that the folklore concept has peculiarities connected both with the canons of semantics and symbolic interpretation of the content of the classical examples of folklore and also with the communicative task for the future of a folk work, with the social nature of folklorized and stylized as folk texts from the repertoire of modern bearers of tradition and performers.

Preservation of the native language in the context of the problem of vulnerable and endangered Turkic languages of Kazakhstan

Throughout the development of human civilization, there has always existed a problem of extinction of certain languages. Along with the peoples that have sunk into history, languages have disappeared either becoming dead or solely written languages. Therefore, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Pecheneg, Polovtsian, Chagatai, Sanskrit, Vedic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Slavonic, Gothic, Polabian, Tocharian and many other languages of the world are now dead. There is a variety of reasons for extinction of languages and historically they have manifested themselves in different ways. Among the main causes there are social factors, state’s language policy, areal-cultural interactions, linguistic expansion of the dominant language and a consequent loss of native speakers. All of these apply to the vulnerable and endangered Turkic languages of Kazakhstan, the study of which is presented in this article. In addition, the article draws attention to preservation of native languages of the Turkic peoples living in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Most of the Turkic-speaking peoples migrated to Kazakhstan during the Stalinist repressions, the Great Patriotic War and the development of virgin lands. According to official statistics, more than twenty representatives of the Turkic ethnic groups live in the Republic of Kazakhstan including Tatars, Bashkirs, Turkish, Kumyks, Kyrgyz, Uighurs, Karachais, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, Nogais, etc. Many of minor Turkic peoples of Kazakhstan have retained their traditions, customs and native languages. In the course of this study, along with meetings and conversations, interviews with representatives of Kumyk, Nogai and Karachay ethnic groups were held and audio recordings of oral folk texts were made. The article presents a linguistic analysis of these audio recordings in terms of phonetic, lexical-semantic investigation as well as an analysis of some grammatical forms and categories. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the native language is mainly used in the family and household whereas oral folk art and literary works are mostly known by representatives of the older generation

Stereotyp świętej Kingi w polskiej tradycji ludowej

On the basis of the reconstruction of the stereotype of Saint Kinga, the author claims that according to folk people, Saint Kinga is responsible for importing salt deposits to Poland, and this information can be found in many legends. The material base of the article are folk texts of various genres, such as legends, belief stories, records of beliefs, and the cognitive definition was used for the analysis. In numerous stories, the escape of Saint Kinga from the Tatars or the Swedes is presented. During this escape unusual events happen. In the Krakowskie region, Saint Kinga is venerated as the patron saint of miners. According to folk tales, Saint Kinga is said to heal the sick, fight demons and increase the fertility of crop plants.

Stikh Umilitelen and Its Folk Versions: A Syllabic-Accentual Interpretation of Literary Syllabic Verse

This paper examines a folklore interpretation of literary culture at the verse level. The author studies the structural transformation of syllabic text in a culture in which the syllabic-accentual system of versification has become standard. This is what makes the study innovative, as, traditionally, comparative studies focus on images and motifs. The goal of the research is to identify the prerequisites, directions, and mechanisms of the folklorisation of literary verse. It refers to several editions of a syllabic poem dating back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and folk versions of this text that existed in the Russian north, known as Stikh Umilitelen (About Death, On Life Ending, etc.). The author uses audio recordings of folk texts made during expeditions, which makes it possible to get a more accurate idea of the norms of folk accentuation. The analysis is carried out at a multidisciplinary level, involving literary studies, folk studies, and linguistics. The author carries out a comparative description of the literary and folk texts. He also provides a metrical analysis based on methods and approaches suggested by M. L. Gasparov and T. V. Skulacheva and uses the rules and techniques of the study of folk verse developed by J. Bailey. Additionally, the article describes the basic structural features of the literary syllabic poem, identifies the main parameters of the transformation of syllabic verse into syllabicaccentual verse, and discusses the techniques and possible structural prerequisites of folklorisation in both the literary and folk traditions.

Some peculiarities of the linguistic representation of time and space in Kazakh fairy tales and epic poems

It comes as no surprise that study of folklore language is regarded as arelevant issue.As the phenomenon of national cognition is revealed by identifying the semantics of the language. And in the linguistic study, researching the genre features of folklore has the results similar to interdisciplinary research. Folklore genres are studied sufficientlyin the literary and folkloric studies, in both domestic philology and foreign philology. The linguistic representation of time and space in Kazakh fairy tales and epic poems are considered in the given article. The characteristic features of the linguistic representation of time and space in Kazakh fairy tales and epic poems are analyzed.Moreover, relevant examples are offered as evidence. The relevance of the study is determined by great interest of linguistic science to the issues of national and cultural specificity of folk texts, which is caused by peculiarities of historical development, beliefs, traditions and customs of native people.

ON SEVERAL RECURRENT THEMES AND CONCEPTS IN SCOTTISH BALLADS

The present article seeks to study the concepts of “love” and “homeland” from linguistic and cultural perspectives. Within the frames of the article an attempt is made to elucidate these concepts in Scottish ballads and media. The article also dwells upon the inherent nature of the aforementioned concepts as underlying units of Scottish culture since concepts as such reflect the mental activities of language speakers. The concepts of “love” and “homeland” embody crucial values and images common to any linguo-culture. The linguo-cultural analysis of factual data taken from folk texts (Scottish ballads) and media discourse (articles) sheds light upon not only the lexical actualization but also modern perception of the given concepts. The choice of the material is conditioned by the necessity to highlight their diachronic evolution and their importance in contemporary research. A special reference is made to the media coverage of the Scottish Independence referendum, which illustrates Scots’ attitude towards their ethnic identity and their country as a whole.

Modern Stylization of Ukrainian Song Folklore

The purpose of the research is to study contemporary musical culture and reveal the specifics of Ukrainian song folklore stylization in academic and non-academic practice. The research methodology is aimed at using a comparative method, with the help of which the difference between the processing of a folk song and the stylization of folklore is highlighted. The method of analysis is implemented to highlight the essential features of stylized folklore. Using the synthesis method, the results of research from academic and non-academic musical creativity have been extrapolated, in which the introduction of the stylization of folklore has been discovered. The scientific novelty of the research is examining the symbiosis of composer and folk art, as a result of which stylized song folklore appears in the modern musical culture of Ukraine. Conclusions. In the modern musical culture of Ukraine, the principle of stylization of song folklore is widely used. The introductions of adaptations of folk sources, along with stylization, are two options for the interaction of composer and folk art. The stylization is characterized by a deep interpenetration of elements of the author’s and folklore principles, which is accompanied by the formation of an original musical text that has a genetic relationship with folk Melos. The author’s text, which traces the presence of folk songs stylization, often includes typical intonational complexes with small ambitus, repetition of rhythmic formulas, and the prevalence of the variant-variative principle of the musical fabric development. The literary text of works related to the stylization of folklore is characterized by the use of folk texts or dialectics, lexemes that liken a vocal work with folklore. The effectiveness of folk stylization in musical culture is enhanced by the use of an authentic folk singing manner. The stylization of folklore is inherent both in the works of the leading classics of the Ukrainian composing school and in groups working in different directions of non-academic music of our time.

Reviews of collections of folklore songs on the pages of the critical-bibliographical magazine "Knyhar"

The author conducts a complex study of reviews from the columns of the magazine "Knyhar" which dedicated to published collections of folk songs (included both author's poetry and folk texts) and a separate editions of folk songs. In particular, the study includes the following issues of the "Knyhar": 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12—13, 16, 20, 21. Previous studies are briefly analyzed, namely a number of works which had been found during the work on the article and cover broader topics such as history, historiography, bibliography, bibliography, literary studies and publishing. Theoretical analysis of the review as a genre is carried out and the reviews of the "Knyhar" in general are made. The author examines the actual texts of reviews on the topic and carried out their analytical review. In addition, the names and personalities, the scope of activities of reviewers were identified. The names and field of activity of reviewers who participated in the critical review and evaluation of collections of song folklore (specialists in the field of musicology, folklore, literature and pedagogy) were identified. Approaches to the evaluation of a peer-reviewed work are clarified, as they depend on the direction of the publication itself, as well as on the field of interest of the reviewer. The approaches of scientists to the critical evaluation of publications are analyzed and systematized. The researcher also investigates which aspects of printed works were of interest to the authors of the reviews.

OOСОБЛИВОСТІ МУЗИЧНОЇ ПОЕТИКИ КРИМСЬКОТАТАРСЬКОЇ НАРОДНОЇ ЕМІГРАНТСЬКОЇ ПІСНІ «AЙТЫР ДА АГЪЛАРЫМ» («CКАЖУ ТА Й ПЛАЧУ»)

Scientific studies of Crimean Tatar folklore, in particular emigrant songs, began in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Important contributions to this research were made by suchfolklorists as O. Olesnitsky, Ya. Sherfedinov, A. Refatov, Yu. Bolat, Ibr. Bachshish, F. Aliev, A. Veliev. However, the artistic world of Crimean Tatars’ national emigration song has notbeen studied thoroughly until now. The song “I’d say and cry” (“Aityr da aglarym”) occupies an exceptional place in CrimeanTatars’ emigrant folklore. It includes the motifs of a bitter farewell with native land, anxious marine trip, disasters in distant country. This song is peculiar by its strophe structure and rhythm. A title that comes from short refrain line reminds a piercing exclamation. Intensifying particle da gives the special resiliency. This intensifying particle can be consideredas particle among particle, rather as an exclamation among exclamation, because a refrain line plays the same intensifying role between other song lines, where another exclamation(“ei yar”) also appears. Such atypical verse form underlines intonational, figurative, narrative strokes of lyrical expression. Combination of them helps to depict the striking pictureof human suffering. This composition is not only sufficiently old, and is widespread. Its different variants according to toponyms, that appears in them (from Yevpatoria to Kerch),and belong the dialectal features of literary text to the different Crimean region. The long chants (singings of one sound), which are typical of oriental musical poetics, play an important role in the art system of this song. We can say this also about pauses, stops, detentions and prolonging of notes, which sound similar to moaning and groaning, thereby expressing such human distresses as inexorable solitude and an impossibility to returning to something light and sweet, which belongs to past. The means of musical expressiveness of this song effectively support the literary exposition. They strengthen the lyrical anxiety and dramatic depth of the folk text.