Folk Literature Research Articles

Relation and Relationships Between Folk Literature and Classical Literature: Taking Autochthony as a Case Study

Relation and Relationships Between Folk Literature and Classical Literature: Taking Autochthony as a Case Study

Ascendancy of Folk Tales on Children’s Cognitive Skills: a Behavioral Perspective

India is a nation rich in cultural diversity. Every culture has a unique way of knowing things. All of India's major languages have seen a significant increase in interest in the gathering, preservation, analysis, and study of folk literature since the country's independence. Every civilization's language and culture are fundamentally shaped by its folk literature. Folk literature, sometimes referred to as oral tradition or folklore, is the customary knowledge and beliefs of non-written societies. This essay demonstrates how folktales affect children's cognitive development. It also looks at the alterations in behaviour that take place. Fairy tales not only aid in a child's growth but also offer a multitude of therapeutic uses. This gives a fantastic way to get into children's imaginations through the investigation of fairy tale recollections and the nonthreatening, entertaining application of these too painful or frightening events. For instance, the struggle between good and evil is a recurring theme in fairy tales all throughout the world.

Crafting Kuweni’s Legacy: Folklore-Inspired Responsible Dyeing Techniques and Textile Developments

Folklore, originating from the past, holds immense social and cultural significance, forging profound connections with communities’ roots. This study examines into the folklore of Kuweni in Sri Lanka, revealing its historical and geographical significance intertwined with myth. The story of Kuweni, a young native woman from diverse local communities, has spawned various place legends, with Thambappanni being particularly noteworthy in this folklore. The aim of this research is to explore the translation of folklore elements into a localized fashion products that honour the narrative, and connect past and present. By adopting a thematic approach to analyse folk literature and the folklore of Kuweni, this study takes a practice-led approach to fashion product development. In the conceptualization phase, it highlights the unique aspects of the place legend, Thambappanni, famous for its copper-coloured soil and Kuweni’s tale of spinning cotton for handloom weaving in this region. This led to experiments in handloom weaving using yarn dyed with a specific technique derived from Thambappanni soil, resulting in a distinct textile product deeply rooted in folklore and to ideas of fashion localism. The significance of these findings lies in the conceptual framework developed for transforming folklore into fashion products, bridging the preservation of socio-cultural values from folklore to contemporary society through fashion that speaks to the significance of place and story.

Cultural Characteristics of Female Hero Images in Intangible Cultural Heritage Films

In Chinese films with intangible cultural heritage themes, female images are an indispensable presence. Particularly, several renowned female hero figures derived from folklore literature, such as Liu Sanjie, Ashima, and Hua Mulan, stand out as symbols of both traditional Chinese heroines and the cultural zeitgeist. This paper utilizes Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to analyze the characteristics of these three representative intangible cultural heritage-themed folk literature films. By employing text analysis methods, it examines the elements of costume, dialogue, setting, and plot in these films. These symbolic elements elucidate the development of female characters and cultural transformations, revealing how traditional culture is represented and transmitted in modern media. The paper also explores the crucial role and value of women in the preservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, offering suggestions for better shaping the images of female heroes in intangible cultural heritage-themed films.

The Application and Challenge of Chinese Folk Literature in International Chinese Language Education Under The Background of The Belt and Road Initiative

The Application and Challenge of Chinese Folk Literature in International Chinese Language Education Under The Background of The Belt and Road Initiative

بولی اورزبان: اردو کے سیاق میں تجزیہ

The initial level of language is called dialect, which helps in maintaining and maintaining daily activities, business transactions, and social relations. The majority of people depend on it. Language derives its energy from local dialects. The range of language is wide and dialect is limited. There can be many dialects in a language area, but there cannot be many languages in a dialect area. Language is the queen of expressing every concept and feeling. Language covers educational, administrative, judicial, political and literary aspects. Script is necessary for language. Due to writing, language documents are preserved and the vocabulary is also increasing day by day. Dialect is mainly verbal expression. However, it is not necessary that every dialect is devoid of writing. Normally its written forms appear in private letters and folk literature.

Философский диспут vs cостязание в навыках: к методам интерпретации латинской агиографии в древнеисландской «Саге о Клименте»

The Clemens saga is a biography of St. Clement of Rome, compiled in the 1220s from translations of two Latin hagiographical works, the Recogniciones and the Passio Sancti Climentis. The Old Norse author made the translation in accordance with the peculiarities of the “saga” style: he changed the narrative modus, added didactic comments on Latin book culture, and used motifs and elements from Scandinavian folk literature. In addition, the Clemens saga is almost devoid of the philosophical and dogmatic Christian discourses that characterize the Recollections. One of such episodes altered in content is the philosophical contest between Faustinianus and his three sons - Aquila, Nikita and Clement, touching upon important questions of being from a Christian position and refuting epistemological views. In the Clemens saga this plot takes the form of a contest in the Seven Liberal Arts between Faustinianus and Clement, caused by a misunderstanding of the consubstantial nature of the almighty God. Despite the fact that a contest in skills or a duel is a frequent plot in Scandinavian sagas and poetry, comparing their structure and literary motifs with the Clemens saga, we can conclude that the author, interpreting the original, does not rely on examples from his own popular culture. Instead, he turns to Latin secular literature, turning the philosophical disputation into a contest in the Seven Liberal Arts, which are rarely found in the saga corpus. By combining methods of interpretation with reliance on Latin secular and religious or Scandinavian folk literature, the scribe not only influences the structure and style of the text, but also its content.

Kurdish women “bargaining with patriarchy:” The subversive woman in Ata Nahai's fiction

Over the past two decades, Women Studies has developed within Kurdish studies. Scholars from various disciplines, including sociology, history, and folk literature, have explored this field to shed light on the experiences and roles of Kurdish women. A less explored area remains literature, particularly fiction. This study focuses on Ata Nahai, a highly acclaimed novelist from Iranian Kurdistan, born in 1960, whose main female characters deviate significantly from the stereotypes of selfless mothers and loving submissive wives. Nahais short stories and novels depict women as subversive. Their subversion does not, however, bring about their emancipation, but highlights significant issues faced by Kurdish women, such as contradictory attitudes towards their own bodies, abusing other women and behaving inconsistently with their family members.

The Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Influencing Mechanisms of Intangible Cultural Heritage in China

Intangible cultural heritage represents a cultural evolution shaped by human responses to adapting and transforming environments. Unveiling the characteristics and patterns of its spatial distribution can offer a more scientific foundation for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and the development of heritage tourism. By using ArcGIS software and Geo-detector, the regional differentiation characteristics and influencing mechanisms of Intangible Cultural Heritage, specifically the Hometown of Chinese Folk Culture and Art (HCFCA), have been investigated. Results show that the distribution and structure of HCFCA in China vary significantly across regions and categories. Eastern China holds the highest number, while Southern China has fewer. Traditional fine arts and dance dominate, with folk literature being less represented. HCFCA exhibits a clear clustering trend, reflecting a "Polycentric Agglomeration" pattern, particularly in traditional drama, calligraphy, craftsmanship, sports, performing arts, and acrobatics. The study presents an influential mechanism model, with the natural environment as foundational, economic development as the primary driver, social development as supplementary support, and historical background as a catalyzing factor. This understanding not only enriches theoretical insights but also provides a scientific basis for the protection of intangible cultural heritage and the development of heritage tourism.

Exploring the Purpose of Protecting Folk Literary and Artistic Expressions: A Multidimensional Protection Framework for China

There are many difficulties in protecting the expression of folk literature and art, and it is difficult to reach a consensus in the world. Through a comprehensive analysis of international conventions, domestic laws, and academic literature, this study establishes a multidimensional theoretical framework for evaluating the effectiveness of existing laws in China in protecting folk literature and art, illustrates the shortcomings of existing legal frameworks, and proposes innovative protection strategies. This article first defines the concept of folk literary and artistic expressions and analyzes their relationship with intangible cultural heritage. It highlights the international political context for the protection of folk literary and artistic expressions, as well as the challenges faced by China. The study argues that the traditional copyright protection model is not suitable for folk literary and artistic expressions. Instead, a comprehensive legal framework is needed, integrating laws on intangible cultural heritage, innovating protection models, strengthening international cooperation, utilizing technological means, raising public awareness, and developing the use of folk literary and artistic expressions.

MITRUSH KUTELI SI RRËFIMTAR DHE TRANSFORMIMET ZHANRORE

The influence of folklore in literature is not a new or unknown phenomenon, nor has it been so for Albanian writers between the two World Wars. Mitrush Kuteli is known as one of the first founders of Albanian prose of modernism, but at the same time, he is also known as a master storyteller who transcends genre structures and reintroduces popular motifs in the form of literary invariants. We say in the form of literary invariants because despite the literary processing he undertakes, the essence of folk ballads, songs, and tales remains unchanged, preserving even the unmotivated compositional ruptures and filling them with authorial artistic interventions such as descriptions, phraseologies, parodies, etc. However, we do not see attempts at alienating subjects and hypertextual transformations, which implies that Kuteli’s aim was the actualization of folk literature with fidelity to compositional construction, character functions, narrative balances, and the fundamental ideas of the processed material.

Ghãtu: Femininity and Indigenous Aesthetics

Ghãtu is a cultural capital that explores the esteem of femininity and Indigenous aesthetics. Despite its aesthetic value, the main theme is sati custom, the over-exploitation of females. This tribal festival does not only belong to Gurung or Magar. Its horizon is up to Tamang, Dura, Darai, Baram and Aryal Kshetri in central and mid-western Nepal. All of them observe with almost similar methods and rituals. Except for Aryal Kshetri, other Indigenous groups claim that it is their hereditical cultural activity. The slow-motion meditative trance dance and melodious verses of songs represent the aesthetic beauty of Nepali folk music and folklore. The study concerns why ethnic groups adopted Ghãtu and the significance of implications of this cultural activity. The ethnic groups adopted it for its zeal for music. The study's implication is to internalize this folk dance as a source of social integration, human relations, teamwork, music and folk literature, and a goldmine of cultural studies research works. Now, Ghãtu is a common cultural capital and a central stone of indigenous aesthetics and cultural studies. This study aims to project how this cultural activity represents a common cultural heritage like the Chhath festival. The findings of the study show that maintaining integral human relations is impossible until or unless society respects femininity and cultural values. So, culture, language, rites and rituals, and dresses are common, if the mass accepts it. Gender discrimination is another focal point, and there has not been research on how Ghãtu has been the archive and cultural heritage. The study employs document analysis and feminist theories.

Marvel in the Algerian Folk Tale: ‘The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre’

The concept of Marvel has emerged as a significant term in contemporary discourse, leading to considerable debate due to its intersection with other related concepts. It is essential to highlight the close relationship between the term Marvel and folk literature, given the distinctive nature of folk literature characterized by its incorporation of Marvel in its characters, settings, and themes. This study aims to delve into the notion of the folk tale and subsequently identify instances of marvel in a tale drawn from Algerian heritage, through the analysis of a specific model entitled The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre

FIVE SYLLABIC POETS: ARCHITECTS OF A NEW COUNTRY

The study is devoted to the Five Syllabic Poets who were active in the early twentieth century, during the transformation of the Ottoman Empire into the Turkish Republic. This period was marked not only by important political and social changes, but also by dramatic transformations in the cultural sphere, including literature. The Five Syllabic Poets, also known as the “Five Silabists”, aimed to create a new, authentic Turkish poetry that reflected the spirit and needs of modern Turkish society. They made a significant contribution to Turkish literature, noting their approach to poetry and their desire to make it accessible to a wide audience. The Five Syllabic Poets sometimes made use of the materials of folk literature, which were used in a decorative style. The beauties of the country, the realities of Anatolia with its people and landscapes, their personal feelings, especially the national and historical. The fact that all five poets express a number of folk literature motifs in the treatment of these subjects shows their sensitivity to this issue. The poetry of these poets also reflects the impact of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s reforms on the literary process, indicating important changes in the consciousness of Turkish society during the period of transformation. The analysis of the works of the Five Syllabic Poets allows us to better understand and evaluate the historical context and cultural transformations in Turkey at the turn of the century.

Folk Literature Recorded from Romanians in Prisoner-of-War Camps in Germany Between 1916-1918

Folk Literature Recorded from Romanians in Prisoner-of-War Camps in Germany Between 1916-1918

Indigenous Knowledge and Community Institutions' Role in Pashtun Pastoral Community Resilience to Climate Change

Indigenous knowledge and community institutions of pastoral communities play a pivotal role in resilience to climate change. This study aims to investigate the Pashtun pastoral community's culturally embedded indigenous knowledge, social structure, and social institutions' role in their resilience to climate change. It is revealed that climate change directly affects their natural resources, cultural traditions and livelihood, especially of the Pashtun pastoral community living in the mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is investigated that Pashtun pastoral community social structure (such as kinship bonds, brotherhood, and reciprocity) and cultural institutions strengthen their resilience to bounce back from the worst impact of climate change. It is revealed that the Pashtun pastoral communities’ indigenous knowledge is embedded in their folk literature, metaphors, poetry, and traditions. Their indigenous knowledge, and socio-cultural institutions, strengthen the Pashtun pastoral community's resilience to climate change.

A Study on the Spatial Structures and Mechanisms of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Traditional Villages in the Dongting Lake Basin

This study focuses on 1209 national and provincial intangible cultural heritage items and 1234 traditional Chinese villages within the Dongting Lake Basin. Using kernel density analysis, centroid models, coupling models, and quantitative spatial–structural models, the present research analyzes the spatial–structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages to provide scientific support for their preservation, inheritance, and effective utilization. The results revealed the following: (1) Intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in the Dongting Lake Basin exhibit a very concentrated spatial distribution, with similar spatial–structural characteristics. (2) High spatial coupling of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages is observable in the sub-basins of Dongting Lake, such as the Yuanjiang, Zishui, and Lishui basins, whereas the Xiangjiang Basin and Dongting Lake area present relatively lower levels of spatial coupling. In terms of the categories of intangible cultural heritage, four of them—cultural heritage, folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance, and traditional drama—have the smallest deviation distance and index values from traditional villages. The coupling degree was higher than 0.70, and there were some differences in the coupling degree between the other six categories of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages. (3) The spatial–structural characteristics of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in the Dongting Lake Basin emerged from the combined effects of multiple factors, including internal connections between the two, as well as external factors such as the natural environment, socio-economic conditions, and cultural policies, all of which play crucial roles in the formation processes of these characteristics.

Digital Dissemination of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Folk Literature

The rapid advancement of information technology has facilitated the widespread digital dissemination of intangible cultural heritage through social media, a trend that has gained considerable traction. Folk literature, acknowledged as a significant form of intangible cultural heritage, encapsulates traits such as cultural inheritance, cultural confidence, and distinctive local characteristics. This paper, utilizing Chinese folk literature as a case study, examines the digital dissemination of intangible cultural heritage on social media platforms. The study explores strategies for both digital dissemination and protection, aiming to realize the goals of rural culture revitalization and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage.

Mythological Number Seven In Turkmen Culture

Numbers are the symbolic codes of mythology. They carry the mysteries of archaic beliefs and traditional life from past to present. Seven appears in all works of folk literature. The number seven is one of these special numbers. There is information about seven in all societies, beliefs and cultures around the world. People make use of the number seven to explain the creation of the universe, the sky, heaven and hell, etc. Seven is the number of nursery rhymes. Many societies do not perform important rituals without repeating them seven times. Among Turkic peoples, seven is very important for Turkmens. In Turkmen mythology, seven is very special. It stands out more than numbers like three, five, nine and forty. Seven is present in all traditions from birth to death. In child rituals, marriage and death, the number seven is present as a formula. With this formula, the message is emphasized. People understand situations, behaviors and names better with seven repetitions. Seven is found as a stylistic number in fairy tales, epics and legends. In Turkmen society, there are even sevens explaining positive and negative situations and behaviors. These sevens bear the traces of mythology and cultural identity. Many Turkmen rituals are not complete without being performed seven times. This article first provides general information about the number seven. Then examples of seven in Turkmen culture, folk literature and beliefs are given. In these sevens, family, lineage, badly behaved women, and traditions of entertaining good guests are included. Finally, examples of the number seven, which has mythological roots in Turkmen culture, are evaluated. It is stated that they are soci­ological, religious and cultural codes.

Tradition of Minstrelsy in Turkic Peoples

The minstrel competition is one of the traditions that emerged in oral literature. The emergence process of this tradition, its original character that shapes its dramatic and lyrical elements, and its unique performance ritual have enabled it to emerge as a tradition. Minstrelsy; since it is an ancient tradition that is the continuation of shamanlyk (hayloft), bakshylyk (bakshy) and ozanlyk (minstrelsy) it appears in the oral literature tradition of the Turkic peoples. For this reason, our study analyzes one of the current issues of folklore to address and compare the spread of the minstrelsy tradition in Turkic peoples and the state of research in the region. The aim of our study is to evaluate the spreading characteristics, nomenclature, sub-types, and research on the subject of the tradition of minstrelsy in the oral works of literature of Anatolian, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir, Uyghur, and Altai Turks. The studies of such researchers as B. Kebekova, S. Nasirov, R. Muhammadiyev, B. Sarımsakov, A. Musakulov, M. Kuşmakov, K. Bazarov, N. Davkarayev, S. Karaş, O. Aydın, N. Kutlusoy, T. Kovalskiy, M. Auezov, S. Mukanov, E. Ismayılov, K. Cumacanov etc., who examined the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples with the typological comparison method, constitute the literature basis of our research. As a result of our research, it has been determined that poetic innovation should also be addressed in the tradition of minstrel dueling in Turkic peoples, together with comparative folk literature, folklore, history of literature, and the effect of historical periods on the tradition, subject, and ideology.