Foliar Application Of Nitrogen Research Articles

Effect of sprigging density and foliar nitrogen on the growth of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis)

Turf grasses have been utilized by humans to enhance their environment for more than 10centuries. Aesthetically, lawns enhance the quality of life, contribute to social harmony andcommunity pride, increase property values and compliment other landscape plants. The beautyof any garden largely depends on the greenness of the lawn. The first and foremost criteria fora well establishment and a satisfactory lawn are selection of suitable grass species and methodsof its establishment. Hence, an experiment was laid out to study the effect of different spriggingdensity and foliar nitrogen on the growth and establishment of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylonL. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis) in floriculture unit of the Department of Horticulture, Facultyof Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during the year 2013-2015. Bermuda grasssprigs were planted in different spacing levels and foliar spray of urea with twelve treatmentcombinations comprising of different levels viz., 10 x 10 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 15 x 15 cmwith 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 20 x 20 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 25 x 25 cm with 1%, 1.5% and2%, in factorial randomized block design with three replications. From the results, it wasfound that the earliest spread and ground cover were observed in planting sprigs at closerspacing of 10 x 10 cm in combination with foliar application of nitrogen in the form of urea as2 % for two times at seven and fifteen days after planting.

Effect of sprigging density and foliar nitrogen on the growth of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis)

Turf grasses have been utilized by humans to enhance their environment for more than 10centuries. Aesthetically, lawns enhance the quality of life, contribute to social harmony andcommunity pride, increase property values and compliment other landscape plants. The beautyof any garden largely depends on the greenness of the lawn. The first and foremost criteria fora well establishment and a satisfactory lawn are selection of suitable grass species and methodsof its establishment. Hence, an experiment was laid out to study the effect of different spriggingdensity and foliar nitrogen on the growth and establishment of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylonL. Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis) in floriculture unit of the Department of Horticulture, Facultyof Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during the year 2013-2015. Bermuda grasssprigs were planted in different spacing levels and foliar spray of urea with twelve treatmentcombinations comprising of different levels viz., 10 x 10 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 15 x 15 cmwith 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 20 x 20 cm with 1%, 1.5% and 2%; 25 x 25 cm with 1%, 1.5% and2%, in factorial randomized block design with three replications. From the results, it wasfound that the earliest spread and ground cover were observed in planting sprigs at closerspacing of 10 x 10 cm in combination with foliar application of nitrogen in the form of urea as2 % for two times at seven and fifteen days after planting.

Seed Quality and Storage of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Influenced by Basal and Foliar Application of Nitrogen

A field experiment was conducted at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand) to study the seed quality and storability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by soil and foliar application of nitrogen. Among seed quality parameters protein, wet gluten and sedimentation value showed significant increase due to increase in nitrogen rates whereas, starch and hectolitre weight had a decreasing trend. Also foliar urea spray significantly influenced these seed quality parameters. Seedling length and seedling vigour index differed significantly with basal application of nitrogen at the time of initial storage and after 2 months of storage.

Quantifying Foliar and Soil Uptake of Granular 15N‐Labeled Urea by Corn

Core Ideas Foliar uptake of nitrogen from granular urea placed in the corn whorl can be significant over short time periods. Foliar nitrogen applications cannot provide season total corn nitrogen requirements. Nitrogen recovery efficiency of whorl‐applied urea can be as high as 16.6% in the 11 d following application. Corn (Zea mays L.) “green‐up” in the absence of rainfall or irrigation following broadcast applications of urea led to the initiation of this experiment. The objective was to compare corn aboveground‐N (TN) content, fertilizer‐N recovery efficiency (FNRE), and mass of fertilizer‐N recovery (MFNR) of granular urea applied directly into the corn whorl and directly to the soil for 11 d after the V6 stage under greenhouse and field conditions. Nitrogen rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha−1 using 2.5 atom% 15N labeled‐urea were applied to compare N assimilation via foliar or soil pathways. In the greenhouse, FNRE (16.6%) and MFNR (27.8 kg N ha−1) were influenced by the two‐way interaction of N rate and N placement (p < 0.0001) with values being maximized with 168 kg N ha−1 applied directly into the corn whorl at the V6 growth stage. The FNRE and MFNR of soil‐applied N were significantly lower than the whorl applications for all N rates (FNRE) and the two highest N rates (MFNR). Although not statistically compared, the FNRE and MFNR of the field trial were numerically lower than the values observed in the greenhouse. The FNRE of whorl‐applied N in the field trial was not influenced by N rate and averaged 7.1%, whereas the soil‐applied N varied across N rates, but was maximized at 1.9%. Results indicate that foliar uptake of granular urea applied directly into the corn whorl can be substantial over short time periods (<11 d) but not sufficient for season‐total N uptake.

Foliar Application of Several Nitrogen Sources as Fertilisers to Tempranillo Grapevines: Effect on Wine Volatile Composition

Foliar nitrogen applications to the vineyard make it possible to improve grape and wine phenolic and amino acid concentration. However, to our knowledge, there is little information about their impacts on the volatile composition of wine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of several nitrogen sources in Tempranillo vineyards on wine volatile composition during the first season. Subsequently, two dosages of phenylalanine and urea were applied to the vineyard with the aim of evaluating their effect on wine volatile composition. The results show that the different nitrogen sources applied to the grapevines during the first season did not affect higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters and other volatile compounds in the wines. The two dosages of phenylalanine and urea applied to the vineyard during the second vintage barely affected wine volatile composition. Consequently, this study shows that foliar nitrogen treatments in vineyards did not modify the wine aromatic profile.

Improvement of wine volatile composition through foliar nitrogen applications to 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevines in a warm climate

We are grateful for the financial support given by CONICYT, BCH/Doctorado-72170532. We would also like to thank MINECO.

Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen on the growth and yield of wheat

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from November 2013 to March 2014 to examine the effect of nitrogen application methods on the growth and yield of wheat. Two application methods (Foliar spray and soil application) and three varieties viz. Sotabdi, Kanchan and BAW56 were included and experimental test crop. From the study it was found that plant height. Total tillers plant-1,effect tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1,grains panicle-1, 100 grain weight, grain weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, and harvest indexwere significantly higher by foliar spray method than the soil application of nitrogen, Higher grain yield (9.01 g plant-1) was observed by the foliar spray application and lower grain yield was 6.07 g plant-1 obtained from the soil application. Among 3 varieties Sotabdi was found to be better yielding ability and produced comparatively higher plant height, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1,root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1, 100 grains weight, grains weight plan-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1, in respect of harvest index values. BAW56 was observed as medium performed variety and Kanchan was the least. Regarding interaction effect of the variety Sotabdi also showed the highest plant-1, total tillers plant-1, effective tillers plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, grains panicle-1,100 grains weight, grains weight plant-1, straw weight plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index by foliar spray. The results indicated that all the varieties gave higher grain yields under foliar spray application method.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 287-294, 2017

English

English

Foliar application of nano chitosan NPK fertilizer improves the yield of wheat plants grown on two different soils

Foliar application of nano chitosan nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer decreased the life cycle of wheat plants with the ratio of 23.5% (130 days for yield production from date of sowing). Treatment of wheat plants with nano chitosan NPK fertilizer induced significant increases in all yield parameters, as compared with control yield parameters of normal non-fertilized and normal fertilized NPK wheat plants. Transmission electron microscopy investigations showed that nanoparticles were present in phloem tissues which mean that nanoparticles were taken up and transported through phloem route from leaves to stem down to roots. Clay-sandy soil showed better results than those obtained for clay soil. Foliar application of nano fertilizer to wheat plants proved to be important to improve yield parameters of wheat plants and shorten the life cycle of the crop.

Effect of soil- and foliar-applied nitrogen fertiliser on growth, yield and protein content of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under glasshouse conditions

Foliar application of nitrogen (N) can be essential in improving yield and grain protein content of wheat. Limestone ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate solution were used as two N top-dressing treatments applied at three growth stages to evaluate their effect on growth, yield and yield parameters, and protein content of wheat under glasshouse conditions. At stem extension, plants treated with soil applied N performed significantly (p<0.05) better than plants treated with foliar applied N in terms of all measured vegetative growth parameters except for leaf area and leaf area index. At early heading stage, soil applied N performed significantly better for all the parameters studied except for number of leaves pot–1. After harvesting, all the studied parameters gave significantly better results from soil N applications compared to foliar N applications with the exception of number of ears pot–1. A protein content of 11% was found in plants treated with foliar N compared to 10% obtained from plants treated with soil N. Soil applied top-dressing appears to be superior to foliar applied top-dressing although the positive effects of foliar top-dressing on protein content need to be investigated further.

Tomato plant growth, leaf nutrient concentrations and fruit quality under nitrogen foliar applications

Tomato is a typical plant that has distinct response to different nitrogen forms in hydroponic culture. In addition, it is a well known susceptible plant to ammonium nutrition in hydroponic culture. However, its response to foliar application of nitrogen sources and N-forms has not been well investigated. In the present study, the growth, productivity and fruit quality of tomato was investigated under foliar application of nitrogen from different sources. Ammonium sulfate, urea and calcium nitrate with constant concentration of 100 mM N were weekly sprayed during four months under hydroponic culture system. A water spray treatment was considered as control. The results showed that vegetative growth parameters were significantly affected by N sources in different patterns. The factors such as plant height, leaf area, number of lateral shoots and shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf nitrate reductase activity was significantly reduced by foliar application of ammonium sulfate and to less extent by urea, while there was improvement of these traits by foliar application of calcium nitrate compared to control. However, ammonium sulfate treated plants had the highest leaf SPAD value and leaf N concentrations. Plant fruiting pattern was also influenced by treatments, as ammonium sulfate spray reduced the fruit yield, and fruit vitamin C content, while it increased fruit TSS and titratable acidity. The highest value of yield and vitamin C was recorded in calcium nitrate sprayed plants.

Elicitor and nitrogen applications to Garnacha, Graciano and Tempranillo vines: effect on grape amino acid composition.

Elicitors and nitrogen foliar applications to vineyards could regulate grape nitrogen composition, which has an important effect on grape and wine quality. Thus the aim of this research was to study the effect of foliar elicitor treatments, methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and yeast extract (YE), and foliar nitrogen applications, urea (Ur) and phenylalanine (Phe), to Garnacha, Graciano and Tempranillo vines on grape amino acid composition. The results showed that elicitor and nitrogen foliar applications to Garnacha and Tempranillo grapevines decreased the must amino acid concentration. However, Phe application to these two grapevines increased the must Phe content. The treatments applied to Graciano grapevines barely effected the grape amino acid content. According to the percentage of variance attributable, the variety had a higher impact on the must amino acid composition than the treatments and their interaction, except in certain amino acids such as Phe. The influence of elicitor and nitrogen foliar applications to grapevines on grape amino acid concentration was strongly conditioned by the variety. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Calidad del fruto de aguacate con aplicaciones de ANA, boro, nitrógeno, sacarosa y anillado

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of products for fruit set, production and quality of Hass avocado. This research was performed in a terrain that is located in a moderately cold weather, in Antioquia, Colombia. Factors for inducing flowering, types of inflorescence and production alternation were determined. In addition to the aforementioned, simple and combined foliar application of acid 1–naphthaleneacetic (ANA), boron, nitrogen, saccharose as source energy, and girding branches, was performed. For the experiment we used a complete block experimental design, with five replicates per treatment and a single tree as experimental unit, with three evaluations over time (2010, 2011 and 2012). The variables evaluated were initial and final fruit set, quantity, and quality of produced fruit. Results associated with this study indicate that floral induction in this variety occurs in periods of low rainfall and low temperatures, the inflorescences were mostly of an indeterminate type, and a slight alternation of production occurred. Initial fruit and final set increased with girdling branches and with the application of boron and girdling branches in 28% and 33% respectively, but this treatments did not improve the production, instead the production was favored by adding saccharose alone, and in combination with boron, nitrogen and ANA, it presented increments of 14,5, 15.9, 14.9 and 14.4% respectively. Results indicate that the addition of an individual external energy source combined with the foliar application of boron, nitrogen and ANA, improves the quality and quantity of fruit in the Hass avocado.

A short-term study of wheat grain protein response to post-anthesis foliar nitrogen application under elevated CO2 and supplementary irrigation

A short-term study of wheat grain protein response to post-anthesis foliar nitrogen application under elevated CO2 and supplementary irrigation

Response of baby corn genotypes to soil and foliar nitrogen application schedule

ABSTRACTResponsive genotypes, timing and mode of nitrogen application are important for realizing potential yield of winter baby corn. Soil application of nitrogen is a common practice. Foliar application enhances absorption and utilization of nitrogen particularly after anthesis. We investigated combined approach in management of nitrogen for the first time including soil applications followed by foliar urea spray to enhance baby corn yield and profitability. To determine these, 2-year study conducted with three genotypes and six schedules of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). Growth characters, productivity traits, harvest period and yields recorded. Nitrogen content and uptake, protein content and harvest were determined. Genotype HM-4 produced 4.6% and 4.1% more cobs and corn weight over HQPM-1. Combined approach resulted higher yield attributes, yields, N uptake, protein harvest and monetary returns. RDN in 4 splits with more basal (B) dose increased cob and corn yield by 4.8% and 5.1% than 3 splits (50% B). Results suggest that HM-4 be grown using RDN 50% as B, 25% at knee height stage, 20% at tassel emergence followed by 5% foliar spray after first picking as urea solution (3%) for achieving higher yield and net returns. More studies needed under diverse conditions.

Response of moringa plants to foliar application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers

Response of moringa plants to foliar application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers

Phenology, Growth, Yield and Protein Content of Wheat as Influenced by Foliar Application of Nitrogen

Phenology, Growth, Yield and Protein Content of Wheat as Influenced by Foliar Application of Nitrogen

Foliar nitrogen application in Cabernet Sauvignon vines: Effects on wine flavonoid and amino acid content

Wine quality greatly depends on its chemical composition. Among the most important wine chemical compounds, flavonoids are the major contributors to wine organoleptic properties while amino acids have a huge impact on fermentation development and wine volatile profile. Likewise, nitrogen applications are known to have an impact on wine composition. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effects of foliar nitrogen applications on wine flavonoid and amino acid composition. The experiment involved five foliar nitrogen applications at veraison time: urea (Ur), urea plus sulphur (Ur+S), arginine (Arg), and two commercial fertilizers Nutrimyr Thiols (NT) and Basfoliar Algae (BA). The results showed that nitrogen foliar treatments decreased wine flavonoid content although the effect varied according to each treatment. This could be related to a low vine nitrogen requirement, since must yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) was above acceptable threshold values for all samples. With regard to wine amino acid content, all treatments except for Ur increased its values after the applications. Finally, foliar nitrogen treatments greatly influenced wine composition. Among them, urea seemed to exert the most negative effect on both phenolics and amino acids. In addition, an inverse relationship between wine amino acid content and flavonol concentration was exhibited.

Effect of post-bloom foliar nitrogen application on vines under two level of soil fertilization in increasing bud fertility of ‘Trebbiano Romagnolo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) vine

In ‘Trebbiano Romagnolo’ grapevines basal bud fertility is usually low and can be related to bud N status. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of foliar N application on bud fertility in a mature vineyard subjected to two levels of soil N (39 and 78kgNha−1) fertility induced by application of urea. Both the vines at low and high N soil availability were sprayed once with 2.5kg15Nha−1 in pre-bloom and in post-bloom 15N-enriched-ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen soil application increased soil mineral N significantly from June to October, however, with the exception of main shoot axes, the N concentration in the canopy organs (leaves, buds, and bunches) did not respond to the increase of soil fertility. Foliar N applied in June promoted the percentage of NDFF in apical and basal bud and bunch as well, compared with the application made in July. A linear correlation between leaf and basal bud N concentration in 2014 and basal bud fertility (number of inflorescences per shoot) in 2015 was observed indicating a positive effect of sprayed N on bud fruitfulness even when soil N availability is not limiting.

Effect of split and foliar application of nitrogen on leaf nitrogen concentration, SPAD index and photosynthesis in Bt. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Rahuri (Maharashtra) India in consecutive years of 2011 to 2012 to study the response of split and foliar application of nitrogen on leaf nitrogen concentration, SPAD index and photosynthesis in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). Ten treatments comprising nitrogen–management practices (application of recommended dose of nitrogen in 3, 4, 5, 6 splits; foliar application of 20 g KNO3 litre-1 water, 20 g urea litre-1 water, combination of split application of nitrogen and foliar spray of 20 g KNO3 litre-1 water, 20 g urea litre-1 water and control) were tested on inceptisol. Results indicated that application of nitrogen in six splits (20% at sowing as basal and remaining in 5 equal splits at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS) registered significantly higher leaf nitrogen content, SPAD index and rate of photosynthesis except 60 DAS where 4 nitrogen split showed higher leaf nitrogen content and SPAD index. Similarly the same treatment registered significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of bolls plant-1 and lint yield.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 1-11 (2016)