Foliar Application Of Boron Research Articles

Effect of Foliar Spraying of Nano Boron on Qualitative Parameters of Tomato Grown in Polybags

An experiment was conducted during kharif, 2020 to know about the effect of foliar application of nano boron on qualitative parameters of tomato. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments comprising different concentrations of nano boron (50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) boron (1g L-1) and control (Without boron application). Each treatment was replicated thrice. The foliar application of nano boron was done at 30 and 45 DAT. Nano boron 400 ppm (T7) recorded minimum values for TSS (4.10 oBrix), pH (4.45), total sugars (2.45%), reducing sugars (2.22%), lycopene content (5.85 mg 100g-1) and maximum values for ascorbic acid (24.02 mg 100g-1), titrable acidity (0.52%) and non-reducing sugars (0.23%). Whereas nano boron 500 ppm (T8) recorded significantly maximum TSS (5.30 oBrix), pH (4.74), total sugars (3.27%), reducing sugars (3.18%), lycopene content (7.03 mg 100g-1) and minimum values for ascorbic acid (19.60 mg 100g-1), titrable acidity (0.32%) and non-reducing sugars (0.09%).

Mitigation of drought stress effects on wheat yield via the foliar application of boron, zinc, and manganese nano-chelates and supplementary irrigation

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the foliar application of B, Zn, and Mn nano-chelates in separate and combined forms and determine what level of nano-chelates fertilizer treatment most significantly enhances the grain yield of wheat (Azar-2 cultivar) under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions. The experiment was performed as a split-plot experiment with three replications in two crop years (2014–2015). The main plot included two irrigation regimes ((I1) rainfed irrigation and (I2) supplementary irrigation) during two stages of development (spike emergence and grain filling). The sub-plot had eight foliar application levels: B, Zn, Mn, B + Zn, B + Mn, Zn + Mn, B + Zn + Mn, and distilled water (control). The foliar application of B, Zn, and Mn nano-chelates combined with supplementary irrigation or its sole application dramatically increased wheat’s resistance to drought stress. Thousand kernel weight and the number of kernels per spike play a decisive role in grain yield. Therefore, the foliar application of nano-fertilizers can increase grain yield by improving these components. The highest grain yield (2528.33 kg/ha−1) was obtained in the supplementary irrigation condition after the combined foliar application of B + Mn + Zn nano-chelates. This condition led to a 41% increase compared to the highest grain yield obtained under rainfed conditions after the foliar application of Zn nano-chelates (1490 kg/ha−1).

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BORON APPLICATIONS ON SEED YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RED LENTIL

This study is to determine the effect of different boron application methods to grain yield and some agricultural properties of Sakar red lentil variety (Lens culinaris Medic.). Study was conducted in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing years in the Boron lack areas of Sanliurfa in Turkey. Experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replicates. Borax and Sakar lentil variety were used as Boron source and plant material, respectively. The methods of applying boron were control (0 kg B da-1), to soil (0.20 kg B da-1), to foliar spraying (when plants have 5-6 leaves 0.05 kg da-1 and have pre-flowering period 0.05 kg da-1) and to soil+foliar application (to soil 0.10 kg B da-1 + to foliar when plants have 5-6 leaves 0.05 kg da-1 and have pre-flowering period 0.05 kg da-1). According to average of two years; the highest grain yield was obtained from soil+foliar aplications (198.57 kg da-1). Also the highest harvest index (33.96%), thousand kernel weight (41.78 g), biological yield (582.96 g/m2) values were seen on soil+foliar applications. Protein content of kernel (33.29 %) and the boron content of kernel (19.09 mg kg-1) values increased with boron applications at the average of two years. The most effective boron application method was determined as soil + foliar boron application but other application methods were more effective than control parcels.

Effect of Foliar Application of Boron on the Yield And Quality of Potato

Foliar application of boron on the yield and storability of potato was evaluated at Breeder Seed Production Centre, Debiganj during two consecutive years 2013-14 and 2014-15. Six different concentration of boron such as: 0 ppm B (T1), 70 ppm B (T2), 140 ppm B (T3), 210 ppm B (T4), 280 ppm B (T5) and 350 ppm B (T6) were tested. The maximum yield 35.9 and 35.3 t ha-1 in 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively was found when plants treated with 210 ppm B as foliar application (T4). The highest dry matter content of tuber was obtained from T4. T4 (210 ppm B) also showed the minimum rottage loss of tuber. The highest gross margin and marginal benefit cost ratio were recorded in the same treatment. Foliar application of 210 ppm B can be recommended for economically potato production in Tista Meander Floodplain Soil.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(2): 125-135, June 2020

Effect of Zinc and Boron foliar application on leaf chemical composition of Moringa oleifera and on yield and characters of its seed oil

Effect of Zinc and Boron foliar application on leaf chemical composition of Moringa oleifera and on yield and characters of its seed oil

Effect of boron applications on boron concentration of the leaves under the harvest base of tea plant

The part of the tea plant evaluated nutritionally and economically are the shoots. For the shoots to be nourished, essential nutrients must be present in soil and leaves under the shoots which serve as a kind of storage organs. However, boron is deficient in soil for its high active-acid level and precipitation in the Black Sea Region in Turkey and the plant due to its immobility. A two-year fixed field experiment was designed in the Arhavi district of Artvin/ Turkey to determine the effect of soil and foliar boron application on the concentration, mobilization, accumulation, and storage of boron in the leaves under the harvest base of the tea plant. Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate (DOT, Na2B8O13.4H2O, 20.8 % B) was used as a boron source and, four applications were conducted: S0L0, S0L1, S1L0, S1L1 (S: Soil application, 0 kg B ha-1, and 4 kg B ha-1; L: Foliar application, 0 mg B L-1, and 400 mg B L-1). As a result of the analysis, boron accumulation was determined mainly in the old leaves, and the concentration decreased toward the young leaves. Moreover, the boron concentration in the leaves under the harvest base gradually reduced toward the end of the harvest season. However, tea plants deprived of boron positively reacted to soil and foliar boron fertilization, and the boron concentration of the leaves under the shoots increased significantly and reached above the critical deficiency limit (> 30 mg kg-1). The most successful application was S1L1, followed by S1L0 and S0L1, respectively.

Determining effects of foliar boron applications on yield and fruit quality of apricot trees for reducing water stress

Aims: The research was carried out to determine the effects of different boron doses on yield, yield components and quality on 5-6 years old apricot trees of Mogador variety, which were exposed to water stress in the Amik Plain in 2019. Methods and Results: The factorial experimental design was conducted on apricot trees of Mogador variety, using four doses of foliar boron (ppm) (0-B0, 150-B150, 225-B225 and 300-B300 ppm) and four irrigation levels (100%-I100, 75%-I75, 50%-I50 and 25%-I25 of available water holding capacity) in four replications. Each replication consisted of two apricot trees. The quantity of irrigation water applied in the experiment ranged from 179 to 742 mm, while the evapotranspiration varied between 295 and 832 mm during the irrigation season. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) varied between 3.51-5.18 kg m-3 and 2.89-4.17 kg m-3, respectively. Boron doses did not cause significant differences in WUE and IWUE values. Each unit increase in crop water use caused an average yield increase of 16.8 kg ha-1. Relative to the full irrigation (I100), fruit weight decreased by 13 and 3% in I25 and I50, respectively, but increased by 2% in I75. Relative to the control group (B0), fruit weight increased by 2, 4, and 2% with B150, B225, and B300, respectively. Average fruit size varied between 47.40 (I75) and 42.99 mm (I25); total soluble solids (TSS) between 16.13 (I100) and 12.65 (I25); and pH between 3.16 (I100) and 3.30 (I50). The increased boron dose did not cause a significant difference in fruit size and width. The leaf boron content increased up to the B225 dose and tended to decrease at the B300 dose.Conclusions: Boron element provides an increase in yield in deficit irrigation conditions, the yield increase is higher in fully irrigated apricot trees. In full irrigation treatment (I100), the B225 treatment was more effective on the yield.Significance and Impact of the Study: The boron element is an important element that causes an increase in photosynthesis by light adsorption. There is not a lot of research investigating the effects of nutrient elements to relieve the negative effect of water stress in orchards. This research is important in terms of revealing the effects of the element boron in water stress conditions.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY BORON SPRAY AND IN-ROW PLANT SPACING

A field experiment was tested in the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate Experimental Farm, Dokki, Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the two growing seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 on cauliflower. The aim of this research was to study the effect of plant spacing foliar spraying with different concentrations of application of boron (B) on the vegetative growth, chemical content and curds yield of cauliflower cv. Amshiry under field conditions. Plants were sprayed with 50, 100 and 200 ppm at 20, 40, 60 and 80 days after transplanting, whilst the in-row plant spacing was 0.3 and 0.5 m between plants. Results showed that boron foliar application significantly improved vegetative growth parameters, curds yield and its components and chemical composition of leaves and cauliflower plant. Likewise, using 0.50 m plant spacing significantly enhanced plant fresh weight, plant height, leaves fresh weight and leaves dry weight and chemical composition of leaves and curds. The highest yield per plant was obtained by plant spacing 0.5m combined with 200 ppm boron followed by plant spacing 0.50 m combined with 100 ppm boron. On the other hand, the production from land units increased by using 0.3 m in-row plant spacing while the production of individual plants was less than 0.5m treatment. The 200 ppm boron application gave the highest net profit per feddan followed by 100 ppm. The lowest net profit was obtained by 0.30 m plant spacing combined with control treatment.

Effect of zinc and boron foliar application on growth, biomass production and yields of spring-summer okra

Micronutrient study (Zn and B) in okra was carried out at Vegetable Farm of P.G. College, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh. Treatment comprised of two foliar spray of Zn (50 and 100 ppm) and Boron (25 and 50 ppm) solely or in their combinations. Thus, a total of 9 treatments including control (water spray) were replicated thrice. Micronutrient sprays were done twice at 30 and 45 days after sowing.The highest values for plant height (66.50cm),total drymatter production (51.30 g), root area (234.34 cm2) and root length density (1486.87 cm/cm3),fruits/plant (24.33), fruit yield (38.22 g/ plant or 102.56 q/ha) were recorded for combination spray of Zn(50ppm) + B(25ppm). This treatment registered 23.18% higher fruit yield over control.

Combined foliar application of calcium, zinc, boron and time influence leaf nutrient status, vegetative growth, fruit yield, fruit biochemical and anti-oxidative attributes of “Chandler” strawberry

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of calcium (Ca), Boron (B) and Zinc (Zn) alone and in combination along with different times of application (pre-flowering stage, post fruit development and combined application at both stages) on the plant growth, yield and quality of strawberry fruit. Foliar application of Ca alone and combined with Zn and B were applied. The experiment was arranged under randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement. Irrespective to application time, strawberry plant sprayed with combined application of Ca, Zn and B exhibited significantly increased leaf macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca), micro-nutrients (Zn, B, Fe), average fruit weight, yield, fruit size, fruit firmness, significantly higher TSS:TA ratio, ascorbic acid contents, anthocyanin and also antioxidative enzymes activity viz. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)] than untreated plants. Similarly, spraying at both stages (pre-flowering and post-fruit development) significantly increased number of leaves, fruits, yield and average fruit weight, significantly higher fruit TSS:TA ratio, vitamin C, anthocyanin and also anti-oxidative enzymes viz. CAT, SOD and POD of strawberry fruit. In conclusion combined foliar application of Zn, B and Ca applied at pre-flowering stage and post fruit development significantly improved the vegetative growth, fruit yield, fruit bio-chemical attributes and antioxidative enzymes attributes.

Impact of foliar application of NAA, Zinc and Boron on growth, yield and quality parameters of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

An experiment was conducted during 2021–22 to study the “Impact of foliar application of NAA, zinc and boron on growth, yield and quality parameters of guava (Psidium guajava L.)”. For this thirteen-year-old uniform in growth 30 plants of guava planted at 6 x 6m apart were selected for this experimentation work in the garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.), India. There were in all ten treatments viz. three levels each of NAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm), ZnSO4 (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) and borax (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%) along with one control, replicated thrice in RBD were used for the experimentation work. The recommended dose of fertilizers along with uniform horticultural were applied in cultural practices all treatments including control. The plant growth regulator and mineral nutrients were sprayed on the plants before flowering on 11/08/2021 and the second spraying in the third week of September after fruit setting on 17-09-2021 with a sprayer having a very fine nozzle from the exiperiment in seprated that the spraying of zinc sulphate @ 1% results in minimum fruit drop (40.87%) and maximum number of flowers per shoot (54.66), fruit set (56.89%), fruit retention (59.13%), fruit length (7.23cm) and width (6.77cm), weight (125.57g g), and volume (131.71cc), fruit yield (46.95kg/plant), total soluble solids (11.55°Brix), total sugars (6.41%) reducing sugar (3.10%) and non-reducing sugar (3.31%) with minimum percentage of titratable acidity (0.43%) under plains of central Uttar Pradesh.

Effect of foliar application of boron and molybdenum on yield and yield attributes of cauliflower in Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2021 at experimental farm of CSK HPKV Hill Agriculture Research and Extension Centre, Bajaura, Kullu comprising of eleven treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design to evaluate the effect of foliar application of boron and molybdenum on productivity and quality of cauliflower. All these combinations received recommended dose of FYM @20 q ha-1 uniformly except the treatment NPK alone. Three foliar applications of boron at three concentrations (0.034%, 0.051% and 0.068%) and molybdenum (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) were done at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting. The yield attributes and yield were significantly affected by the foliar spray of boron and molybdenum. Although the interaction between boron and molybdenum was found to be non-significant for yield and significant for yield attributes except curd diameter. Among three boron and molybdenum levels maximum marketable curd yield (257.5 q ha-1), (257.2 q ha-1) was obtained from the treatment where B @ 0.068% and Mo @ 0.20 % was applied respectively. But the interaction effect of boron and molybdenum on curd yield was found to be non-significant. To conclude, foliar application of B and Mo positively influenced the productivity and quality in Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh.

Calcium and Boron Foliar Application in the Production and Quality of Zucchini Seeds

HIGHLIGHTS The application of Ca or B does not affect the germination of zucchini seeds. The application of Ca in zucchini increases the number of pollen grains per flower. The production of zucchini seeds is favored by the application of Ca.

Foliar application of boron to improve ‘Hass’ avocado productivity

Foliar application of boron to improve ‘Hass’ avocado productivity

Effect of foliar application of Boron, Zinc and NAA on fruit retention, yield and quality attributes of Aonla

To investigate the effect of foliar application of boron, zinc and naphthalene acetic acid on fruit retention, yield and quality attributes of aonla, an experiment was carried out in the Horticulture Garden of C. S. Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (u.P.), India, during two subsequent years i.e., 2018 and 2019, using ten treatments viz., borax at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%, zinc sulphate 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% and NAA at 10, 20 and 40ppm including a control (water spray) on eighteen years old plants of aonla cv. NA-7, replicated thrice in randomized block design. From the experiment it is reported that higher concentration of NAA (40ppm) significantly reduced fruit drop (68.85 and 67.95%) and increases fruit retention (31.15 and 32.05%) during both years of experimentation. It also gave maximum fruit yield (85.10 and 83.25 kg/plant), resulted an increased fruit length (4.24 and 3.99cm), width (4.95 and 4.80cm), weight (36.45 and 37.07g), volume (34.15 and 33.15cc), specific gravity (1.18 and 1.15g/cc), pulp weight (34.87 and 35.55g) and maximum pulp: stone ratio (23.63 and 25.40%, respectively) during both years of experimentation. Plant treated with borax @ 0.5% results an increase in ascorbic acid content (640.03 and 630.05 mg/100g, respectively), reduces stone weight (1.50 and 1.45g, respectively) and titratable acidity (1.36 and 1.30%, respectively) during both years of experimentation, while zinc sulphate at 0.6% treatment results in significantly increase in TSS (15.210 and 14.930 brix, respectively) and total sugars (13.00 and 12.80%, respectively) during both years of experimentation.

Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality Parameters of Nendran Banana (Musa Spp.): As Influenced by the Application of Boron in Typic Rhodustalf of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT To determine the response of banana to boron (B) fertilization, two field experiments (main and a confirmatory trial) were conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons in B deficient soils (Typic Rhodustalf) of Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. The treatments consisted of soil and foliar application of boron replicated thrice in a randomized block design using banana cv. Nendran as the test crop. The results of field experiments revealed that banana plants responded well to soil and foliar application of B compared to control (recommended NPK alone). Among the treatments, soil application of 10 g borax plant−1 each at 3rd, 5th and 7th month after planting (MAP) in combination with recommended NPK in B deficient soils increased the availability of B in soil, its uptake by plants and also B fractions in soils than the rest of the treatments which ultimately resulted in an increase in pseudostem height, pseudostem girth, leaf area index, chlorophyll, and dry matter production. Similarly, soil application of boron enhanced finger length, finger girth, individual finger weight, and bunch weight of banana and the cumulative effect of these yield attributes favorably increased the fruit yield of banana (33.85 t/ha), which was 25% higher than control. Banana fruit quality traits, namely, total soluble solids, total sugar, ascorbic acid, and starch content, were also favorably influenced by B application. Thus, the results clearly indicated that soil applied B recorded comparatively higher banana yield than foliar application and control.

Effect of Foliar Application of Boron on Growth Yield and Yield Components of Four Varieties of Oats Avena sativa L.

field experiments was carried out at a farm located in Al- Bathaa region 20 km west province of Dhi Qar, 350 km south of the capital Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 .The experiment was designed to study the effect of the Boron concentration on the characteristics of the growth and yield for four varieties of Oats. experiment was layout using R.C.B.D. arranged in split – plot with three replications. In experiment varieties (Shifaa , Carrolup , Genzania and Alguda ) were using as a main plots, while while Boron concentration (0 , 75 , 150 and 225 ) mg L-1 were assigned as sub-plots. In each season the following traits were studied :- Number panicles m-2 , Number of grains. panicle-1 , 1000 grain weight , Grain yield , Biological yield and harvest index . The data obtained was analyzed according to analysis of variance methods. Means were compared using L.S.D. test at 5 % level and the results could be summarized foliar application of boron at different concentration significantly influenced on most of grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index .Since high concentration of boron gave highest grain yield amounted to 9.8 ton ha-1 and 12.63 ton ha-1 for first and second season respectively. Also there were significant differences between varieties in growth traits grain yield components , grain yield , biological yield and harvest index. Since variety Carrolup gave highest grain yield in first season amounted to 9.22 ton ha-1 , while in second season variety Shifaa gave highest grain yield amounted to 12.38 ton ha-1 . Results showed , that there were significant interaction between varieties and boron concentrations on all traits.

Boron application influenced growth, yield and fiber quality of upland cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) under different irrigation regimes

Cotton is a major imperative cash crop crop globally including Pakistan. Among abiotic stresses, drought stress is critical that suppress plant growth, reduce crop production, low fiber quality and poor earnings for farmers. Nutrient deficiency is major factor resulting in poor crop production. Sufficient nutrient application has better capability to increase yield because it helps to plants to stand against adverse climatic conditions within the growing areas. Therefore, present study was conducted on evaluation of cultivars performance applying numerous irrigation systems and use of boron through different methods. Cultivar CIM-678 had maximum growth traits, allometry parameters and fiber quality attributes than CIM-602 which had minimum growth, allometry and fiber quality traits. Foliar application of boron and field capacity (75%) also increased plant growth, allometry and fiber traits. The interactive effects of cultivars, boron use and field capacity were improved the plant growth, yield, allometry parameter and fiber quality traits. Conclusively, CIM-678, boron foliar spray and field capacity (75%) improved the cotton crop production with excellent fiber quality traits. Keywords: BCR; Drought stress; Field capacity; Foliar spray http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100139

Transplanting and the addition of boron in sweet corn (Zea mays L. group saccharate) production

Introduction. Low seedbed temperatures at the planting and the direct sowing method can reduce the sweet corn germination. Transplanting may offer optimum environmental conditions for seed germination, early crop maturity, and increase sweet corn (Zea mays L. group saccharata) productivity. Boron deficiency depresses sweet corn yield through male sterility. Objective. To evaluate the effect of transplanting and the addition of boron in sweet corn production. Materials and methods. A field experiment was conducted from March 19 to June 20, 2020 at the Research Station of Horticulture Department and Landscape Gardening Architecture, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq. Direct sowing and transplanting, and foliar application of boron at 0, 50, or 75 mg L-1 was evaluated to determine effects on the yield, the yield components, and water use efficiency of sweet corn cultivars: Roi Soleal, Seker misir, and Succar. Results. The cv. Seker Misir matured faster (57.5 days), had wider ears (4.53 cm), more kernel rows (16.0), the highest kernel yield (6.00 t ha-1), and a higher water use efficiency (WUE) (2.85 kg m-3). The cv. Succar had the longest ears (18.48 cm) and the heaviest fresh ears (251 g). Transplanting hastened the time to maturity (54.18 days), and produced the longest ears (17.91 cm), widest ears (4.52 cm), most kernel rows (15.96), heaviest fresh ears (229 g), the highest kernel yield (5.56 t ha-1), and the highest WUE (2.64 kg m-3). The 50 mg L-1 fertilizer treatment produced the longest ears (17.61 cm), widest ears (4.58 cm), more kernel rows (16.61), the highest kernel yield (5.64 t ha-1), and the highest WUE (2.68 kg m-3). The least time to maturity (57.72 days) and heaviest fresh ears (232 g) occurred with 75 mg L-1 of boron fertilizer. Conclusion. The use of 50 mg L-1 boron, as a foliar fertilizer, appears to be, next to the transplanting method, suitable for the cultivation of sweet corn plants to increase productivity and WUE.

Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc.

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the effects of the foliar application of zinc and boron on the growth, yield, seed production and phytochemical properties of S. khuzistanica, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment with three replicates in two consecutive years based on a randomized complete block design. The foliar application of boron (B) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.4% and 0.8% as H3BO3) and zinc (Zn) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.3% and 0.6% as ZnSO4) was carried out. Our results showed that the foliar application of B resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of plants, the dry weight of stems, drug yield, seed yield, seed germination and 1000-seed weight. At the same time, the application of B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness. The fresh and dry weights of plants, drug yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were also significantly improved by Zn foliar spraying compared to the control. Application of 0.8% B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness by 14.16% and 22.37%, as compared to the control. The foliar spraying of B and Zn improved the total phenolic content, the essential oil content and the yield and antioxidant activity of S. khuzistanica. Moreover, B application generally concentrated more carvacrol in the essential oil (in the first experimental year). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between Zn treatments in carvacrol content and total flavonoids. The use of several microelements, such as B and Zn, could improve both the quantity and quality of S. khuzistanica. Additionally, improvement of seed set and seed quality by the foliar spraying of Zn and B may be useful for growing plants in arid and semi-arid areas.