Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid Research Articles

EFFECT OF SOME ANTIOXIDATS (ASCORBIC ACID, PROLINE, AND SALIC ACID) ON JOJOBA PLANTS UNDER CIRCUMSTANCE OF SINAI

Two field experiments of jojoba plants were carried out in Almaghara Research and Production Station followed to Desert Research Center, Agriculture Ministry, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, at 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, Respectively. Therefor to study the influence yield of five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and S-G) under foliar spray of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline [(50:50:50(conc. 1); 100:100:100 (conc. 2) and 200:200:200 ppm (conic. 3)] on jojoba plants at four and fourteen years old from planting. The experiment was conducted as split plot design, were varieties order in the main plots and treatments in sub plots, uisg three replicates. esults showed that the foliar application of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline led to increase of all growth characters, yield characters and some chemical contents in leaves and seeds on all of clones. Clones S-700 recoded the highest values for all traits studied followed by clones S-B, while, studied traits, clones S-L recorded the lowest values. Foliar spray application with salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline had the highest data with all clones with aged fourteen years compear aged four years. All characters increased with increase in salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline on varieties, especially clone S-700. Jojoba plants appearance response to plant nutrition.

Pre-treatment of salicylic acid enhances resistance of soybean seedlings to Fusarium solani.

Pre-treatment of soybean seedlings with 200 μM salicylic acid before fungal inoculation significantly alleviated disease resistance in soybean seedlings against Fusarium solani infection. Sudden death syndrome of soybean is largely caused by Fusarium solani (F. solani). Salicylic acid (SA) has been reported to induce resistance in plants against many pathogens. However, the effect of exogenous SA application on F. solani infection of soybean is less reported. This study investigated the effect of foliar application of SA on soybean seedlings before F. solani infection. Seedlings were sprayed with 200µM SA and inoculated with F. solani after 24h of last SA application. After 3days post-inoculation, seedlings treated with 200µM SA showed significantly fewer disease symptoms with increased endogenous SA level, SA marker genes expression and antioxidant activities in the SA-treated seedlings more than the untreated control seedlings. Furthermore, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was observed in the SA-treated plants as compared to the untreated plants. Analysis of the effect of SA application on F. solani showed that the mycelia growth of F. solani was not affected by SA treatment. Further investigation in this study revealed a decreased in F. solani biomass content in the SA treated seedlings. Results from the present study show that pre-treatment of 200µM SA can induce resistance of soybean seedlings against F. solani infection.

Foliar application of salicylic acid improves growth and yield attributes by upregulating the antioxidant defense system in Brassica campestris plants grown in lead-amended soils

Lead (Pb) toxicity causes a severe impact on plant growth and productivity. A protective role of salicylic acid (SA) is well known under different abiotic stress conditions. However, very little is known about the SA-induced Pb resistance mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of SA on mustard plants (Brassica campestris L.) under Pb-stress conditions. Plants were exposed to three levels of Pb amendment to the soil (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mM), with or without SA (0.25 mM). Plant growth, yield attributes, and yield at harvest were reduced depending on the severity of the Pb stress. Exogenous application of SA improved plant growth and yield. Biochemical data revealed that Pb toxicity resulted in higher oxidative damage by reducing nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione at the higher dose of Pb treatment. Antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase – APX, monodehydroascorbate reductase – MDHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase – DHAR, glutathione reductase – GR, guaiacol peroxidase – POD, glutathione S-transferase – GST, and catalase – CAT) responses varied with the Pb doses. Both the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system were upregulated after application of SA, resulting in lower oxidative damage under Pb-stress conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that exogenous application of the SA mitigates Pb-induced oxidative damage and consequently results in better growth and yield in mustard plants.

Impact of salicylic acid foliar application on two wheat cultivars grown under saline conditions

Impact of salicylic acid foliar application on two wheat cultivars grown under saline conditions

INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE

ABSTRACT The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of bioprotectant, plant based chemical like Salicylic acid and silicon based nutrient Potassium silicate against the anthracnose or ripe fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) incited by Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow.) Butler and Bisby in chilli var. K2. The chilli anthracnose disease susceptible variety Kovilpatti-2 (K2) grown in pots and field trial were used for the study. The plants were given artificial inoculation by spraying the spore suspensions after pinpricking the fruits with adequate spore load at 90-days after transplanting for fruit rot incidence assessment. The crop was maintained in a poly house with frequent spraying of water to provide adequate moisture and relative humidity to enable successful infection by the pathogen. Three replications for each treatment and a control were maintained. The fungicide mancozeb @ 0.25 per cent was used for comparison and the standard agronomic practices as recommended by the State Agricultural Department were followed. The plant activator and silicon-based nutrient were sprayed as individual as well as combined approach manner. Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds in all the treatments except comparison fungicide and control treatments. Among the various treatments, seed treatment with Bio protectant, foliar application of Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm on 40 days after transplanting (40 DAT) and foliar application of Potassium silicate @ 3 % on 60 DAT recorded the minimum disease incidence and increased fruit length, fruit weight, fruit per plant, branches per plant, plant height and germination percentage when compared to control and Comparison fungicide Mancozeb. The activity of plant defense enzymes like Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased up to 5th day of sampling in plants treated with Bio-protectant, resistance inducing chemical along with potassium silicate and challenged inoculated with the test pathogen. Also, the same treatment significantly decreased the disease severity and increased the growth and yield parameters when compared to control and comparison fungicide under the field trials.

Effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on salt-stressed sorghum growth and nutrient contents

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on sorghum biomass and nutrient contents. Treatments were comprised of salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) and SA concentrations (0.3, 0.7, 1.1 and 1.5 mM). Salinity increased sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and copper (Cu) but decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) contents and the root and shoot dry matter. Fe and Zn were the most affected nutrients by salinity. However, SA reduced Na and Cl but increased plant dry matter and nutrient content. SA had greater positive effects on root than on shoot dry matter. Maximum increases through SA were achieved in N, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and shoot weight under salt stress but in Zn and root weight under non-saline condition. In most cases 1.1 mM was the most effective SA concentration in reducing the negative effects of salinity.

Chemical composition and yield of essential oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under foliar applications of jasmonic and salicylic acids

Abstract Jasmonic acid (JA) is regarded as endogenous regulator that plays important roles in regulating stress responses, plant growth, and development. Salicylic acid (SA) has been identified as an important signaling element involved in establishing the local and systemic disease resistance response of plants after pathogen attack. A field experiment was conducted to assess the foliar applications effect of JA and SA on quantity and quality yields of essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Experimental treatments were: I) water foliar application; II) water + 1% ethanol foliar application (as a solvent); III-V) JA at 0.05–0.40 mg L−1; VI-IX) SA at 0.14–14.00 g L−1. The essential oil contents of the treatments ranged between 0.55 to 0.61% (v/w). The results of analysis of the essential oils by GC-FID and GC/MS indicated that monoterpene oxygenated and sesquiterpenes were the major components. There were no significant differences among treatments for essential oil content, dry matter weight, and some of volatile components (neral and geranial). The foliar spray JA significantly improved the amounts of two phenolic monoterpenes compounds such as thymol from 0.42% in control to 4.37% in JA at 0.40 mg L−1 and carvacrol from 0.77% in control to 14.76% in JA at 0.40 mg L−1. In addition, the highest percentages of β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were obtained from the foliar application of SA and JA. In conclusion, the exogenous application of JA and SA can considerably improve some secondary metabolites especially monoterpene oxygenated and sesquiterpenes in lemon balm plants under filed conditions.

Improvement in Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Three Red Sweet Pepper Cultivars by Foliar Application of Humic and Salicylic Acids

The present study reports on the effect of humic and salicylic acids on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of three red sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars: Barbero, Ferrari, and Imperio. The plants were grown in a greenhouse and the leaves were treated with humic or salicylic acids at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g·L−1 at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting. Foliar application of humic or salicylic acids significantly increased vegetative growth, fruit yield, and quality of the three cultivars as compared with the control plants. However, salicylic acid treatment proved more effective than humic acid treatment. Red sweet pepper plants of all three cultivars sprayed with 1.5 g·L−1 salicylic acid showed the greatest vegetative growth; fruit yield components, such as fruit number, diameter, and fresh and dry weights; and fruit quality traits, such as vitamin C content, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, and total sugar content, than the plants in all other treatments. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars in response to humic and salicylic acid foliar application; ‘Ferrari’ showed significantly higher yield and productivity than ‘Barbero’ or ‘Imperio’. ‘Ferrari’ plants sprayed with 1.5 g·L−1 salicylic acid showed the highest fruit weight (202.41 g) and flesh thickness (68 mm), both of which are preferred by consumers, and therefore, have increased market value. This treatment also increased total yield by 27.7% (16.03 t·ha−1), 15.9% (12.38 t·ha−1), and 17.9% (11.88 t·ha−1) in ‘Barbero’, ‘Ferrari’, and ‘Imperio’, respectively. Therefore, salicylic acid foliar application is recommended for enhancing fruit yield and quality of greenhouse-grown red sweet pepper.

Role of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Cultivars in Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) Production in Arid Region of Bahawalpur

A field experiment was carried out to screen the best foliar concentration of salicylic acid (SA) out of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1 for its effect on various growth and yield parameters like number of leaves, plant height, number of fruits plant-1, fruit dimensions, leaf chlorophyll content and yield plant-1 in three chilli cultivars. The selected chilli cultivars included were Sky-Land-II, Sky-Land and 1130. The experiment was conducted in field area of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan during 2017. Results indicated that different levels of SA significantly increased plant growth and yield parameters, but the level of SA @ 75 mg L-1 highly improved the studied parameters in selected cultivars. Moreover, foliar spray of SA significantly increased growth in selected cultivars; however, Sky-Land-II performed better in response to different concentrations of SA. In conclusion, foliar spraying of 75 mg L-1 SA could be recommended to chilli growers under arid region of Bahawalpur for growing cultivar Sky-Land-II.

Effect of Salicylic acid foliar spraying on growth parameters, γ-pyrones, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of drought stressed Ammi visnaga L. plant

The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought stress and foliar spraying of salicylic acid (SA) on the secondary metabolites particularly the γ-pyrones and total polyphenolic content in the different organs of Ammi visnaga L. plant. The following were measured: different growth parameters, γ-pyrones, total polyphenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts. From the results obtained, it was clear that drought stress had a negative impact on growth of the plant and on the yield of the fruits, whereas it caused an increase in the percentage of the two major γ-pyrones: khellin and visnagin in most organs. The adverse effects of drought stress on growth parameters was found to be partially alleviated by the salicylic acid foliar spray. On the other hand, combination of SA foliar spray and normal irrigation gave the highest percentage of khellin (1.544 ± 0.002%) and visnagin (0.902 ± 0.002%), as well as an increase in the yield of fruits per plant. In contrast, drought alone and in combination with SA significantly (p < 0.001) increased the polyphenolic content and the radical scavenging activity. The highest polyphenolic content was recorded in the water stressed aerial parts sprayed with 2 mM SA, where it reached 78.28 ± 0.14 mg/gm dry weight calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Antioxidant activity, using DPPH assay, was measured for the different plant organs under different treatments where a reduction from 12.967 ± 0.983 to 2.803 ± 0.262 μg/ml in the IC50 was noted in the drought stressed aerial parts sprayed with 2 mM SA vs the normally irrigated plant. UPLC/MS analysis was used to demonstrate the effect of SA foliar application on the γ-pyrones and total polyphenolic content in Ammi visnaga L. fruits.

The effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and thiamine on some physiological and biochemical traits of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) in soil and soilless cultivation systems

The effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and thiamine on some physiological and biochemical traits of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) in soil and soilless cultivation systems

Influence of Salicylic Acid on Cucumber Plants under Different Irrigation Levels

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application by salicylic acid (SA) on vegetative growth and yield responses in cucumber plants under different irrigation levels. Two field experiments were performed at a private farm in Dekernes, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, in summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, to investigate the impact of four foliar application rates of salicylic acid (0.0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g/l) and three irrigation levels (1200, 900 and 600 m3/fed.) on growth and yield of cucumber cv. Gabbar. Water shortage stress significantly reduced vegetative growth (main stem length, branches number, foliage fresh weight, leaves number and leaves area per plant and yield components; fruits weight and numbers per plant, Vit. C, TSS and total yield (ton/fed.). On contrary, foliar application of SA significantly improved these parameters under water shortage stress conditions. However, the lowest used water irrigation quantity increased leaf and fruits dry matter percentage, sex ratio and water use efficiency. On the other hand, water shortage stress significantly reduced leaf pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) as compared to the highest rate (1200 m3) and these were further increased by using SA. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 0.30 g/l gave the highest fruits yield and its components. As well as, 1200 m3/fed and 0.3 g/l salicylic acid treatments were recorded the highest values for most effective mentioned criteria.

Foliar Aspersion of Salicylic Acid Improves Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds, and Also the Fruit Yield in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on the yield and phytochemical content in hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). (1) Background: The importance of Mexico’s cucumber production is based on its cultivation in recent decades as one of the major winter crops; in addition, the production of vegetables under hydroponic systems has increased significantly during the last few years, with cucumber being one of the vegetables with a high economic potential. (2) Methods: A completely randomized experimental design with 15 repetitions was used. SA at five doses (0.075, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mM) and one control (distilled water) was sprinkled weekly on cucumber plants. The evaluated variables were yield (total fruit weight per plant), fruit parameters (length, size and firmness), and nutraceutical quality of cucumber. (3) Results: Low concentrations of SA improve the yield and high concentrations decrease it, but the nutraceutical quality of fruits is improved, as compared to the control treatment. (4) Conclusions: In order to obtain a higher content of bioactive compounds without affecting the yield and commercial quality of cucumber fruits, it is advisable to use the average concentration (0.15 mM) of SA.

Foliar application of salicylic acid alleviate the cadmium toxicity by modulation the reactive oxygen species in potato

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the main factors that limit crop growth and yield in the world. Salicylic acid (SA) is thought to be a plant hormone that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stresses. To uncover the toxic alleviation effects of SA on potato plants to cadmium (Cd) stress, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense system were assayed in potato plants under 200 μM Cd stress in 1/2 Hoagland solution with foliar application of 600 μM SA concentration (10 ml/plant). Interestingly, exogenous SA treatment mitigated Cd toxicity by increasing the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, proline, and endogenous SA contents along with decline in malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion radicals (O2-). Correspondingly, our study also proved that SA may stimulate the antioxidant enzymatic mechanism pathway including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) in potato plants subjected to Cd stress. Moreover, the expression level of selected genes relate to SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism (StSABP2, StSOD and StAPX) were enhanced in SA-treated potato plants under Cd stress, indicating that SA treatment regulated the expression of these genes, which in turn enhanced potato tolerance to Cd stress. Taken together, our results indicated that exogenous SA can play a positive regulatory role in alleviating Cd toxicity in potato plants.

Quantifying the Effects of Chelated Calcium and Salicylic Acid on the Postharvest Quality of Poinsettia Cuttings

Vegetatively propagated unrooted cuttings typically are grown in equatorial locations and shipped via airfreight to propagators located in temperate climates. Cutting quality, defined as the resistance to external forces, such as physical damage and pathogen infection, impacts postharvest durability during shipping and propagation. During our previous studies, foliar application of calcium (Ca) in the form of Ca chloride was effective at increasing leaf mechanical strength of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum). Calcium chloride applied at ≥800 mg·L−1 Ca caused phytotoxicity symptoms in poinsettia; therefore, in the current work, we investigated the use of chelated Ca by providing Ca at 40, 80, or 160 mg·L−1 and salicylic acid (SA) at 150 or 300 mg·L−1 to increase the mechanical strength of poinsettia leaves. Mechanical strength of leaves was assessed using a force-displacement graph generated from a texture analyzer using a ball probe to penetrate a unit area of a clamped leaf. The peak force to fracture the leaf and work-of-penetration, defined as the area under the force-displacement curve, were used as indicators of mechanical strength. Calcium concentration in the leaves increased by 27% with increased application of Ca from 0 to 160 mg·L−1. Peak force was 26% greater in treatments with Ca at 80 or 160 mg·L−1 compared with the untreated control. Work-of-penetration was 24% and 29% greater for treatments with Ca at 80 and 160 mg·L−1, respectively, compared with the control. Foliar application of SA did not affect leaf mechanical strength. Chelated Ca applied at 160 mg·L−1 Ca caused visual phytotoxicity symptoms; thus, applications of 80 mg·L−1 Ca are recommended to improve resistance to physical damage for poinsettia leaves.

Foliar- and soil-applied salicylic acid and bagasse compost addition to soil reduced deleterious effects of salinity on wheat

Higher accumulation of salts causes osmotic and oxidative stresses to plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the naturally producing phenolic compounds and has important roles in regulation of physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plant under biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible effects of foliar- and soil-applied SA and bagasse compost (BC) addition on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth in saline soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted on soil with artificially imposed salinity (EC 14 dSm−1). After 15 days of wheat seed germination, the SA (0.5 mM) was applied by foliar and soil applications. Results showed that the artificially developed salinity significantly reduced the root and shoot length, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and grain yield etc. of wheat plants; however, foliar or soil application of SA and BC addition significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of salinity on these attributes. In non-saline soil, soil application of SA with BC performed better than foliar application but in saline soil, reverse trend was observed. In general, under salinity stress, foliar application of SA showed better modulating impacts on wheat growth than soil application of SA. Our findings suggest that foliar application of SA with BC addition could be a better way to improve plant growth under salt stress conditions and may have important implications for enhancing crop productivity under salt stress environment.

Efficacy of Salicylic Acid as a Cofactor for Ameliorating Effects of Water Stress and Enhancing Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Saline Soil

Water stress and soil salinity have detrimental effects on crop productivity, water use efficiency as well as soil properties. In attempt to elucidate whether salicylic acid (SA) could ameliorate the detrimental effects of water stress on wheat under salt affected soil, two seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) of field experiments were investigated using six combinations of two salicylic acid levels (zero and 200 ppm SA) and three irrigation treatments (50, 70 and 90% depletion of the available soil moisture). Results showed that exogenously applied SA inhibited Na uptake and stimulated N, P and K uptake under stress conditions. Under water stress, the foliar application of SA effectively increased the relative water content and proline content whilst decreased stomatal conductance compared to the untreated ones. These changes resulted in increment the yield-related traits viz., number of grains spike−1, 1000-grain weight and number of spikes m−2. Water use efficiency attained the maximal values under 50% DAM plus 200 ppm SA, which was on par with 70% DAM plus 200 ppm SA. It was concluded that the potency of SA–treated wheat crop can relatively convert used water into grain yield under water stress conditions as well–watered..

Grain filling pattern of Hordeum vulgare as affected by salicylic acid and salt stress

Although application of salicylic acid (SA) to various plants grown on saline soils has been examined adequately, the effect of SA on changes during grain filling period has not been studied in details. In this 2-year field study, the grain-filling pattern of barley has been monitored as affected by different SA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM) under varied irrigation salinity levels (2 and 12 dSm−1) during 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons. In both years, total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) increased up to 15 days after anthesis (DAA) and then decreased until the end of the grain-filling period. However, starch content (SC) and the mean grain weight (MGW) increased form the first sampling, and such increase was substantial between 15 and 25 DAA. The grain growth rate (GGR) and the absolute grain growth rate (AGGR) were enhanced up to 20 DAA and then were reduced until 30 DAA. The grain-filling pattern changed by salt stress, so that TSC was greater for the salt stressed plants from 15 or 10 DAA in the first and the second years, respectively. Throughout the grain-filling period, SC, MGW, and AGGR were lower under saline conditions in both years. Application of SA increased TSC, SC, MGW, GGR, and AGGR from 15 to 20 DAA, however, the effect of SA was obvious earlier under saline than the non-saline conditions. Generally, it can be concluded that SA foliar application might increase grain weight through modulating the negative impact of salt stress on carbohydrate and starch contents. It also appeared that the effect of SA was obvious earlier under salt stress conditions.

Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidative responses, phenolic metabolism and photochemical activity of strawberry under salt stress

To further clarify the specific photochemical mechanisms of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated adaptation to salt stress, this experiment was conducted to examine the effect of SA (100 and 500 μM) on photosynthesis, antioxidative capacity and phenolic metabolism in strawberry plants under salt stress (50 mM). The results showed that high SA had a negative effect on strawberry plants as reduced leaf dry weight in plants that exposed to 500 μM SA under non-salt stress conditions. Salt stress negatively affected the leaf dry weight, whereas foliar spray of 100 μM SA alleviated the salt-induced inhibitory effects on the plant growth. Salt stress caused a significant decrease in photosystem performance index (PIabs); however, plants exposed to salt stress after SA pretreatment conserved their photosynthetic electron transport rate, compared with NaCl-alone treated plants, relating to the improvement of water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII (Fv/Fo). The application of 100 μM SA in saline condition also increased the accumulation of soluble sugars like trehalose (Tre). Lipid peroxidation was observed in plants subjected to salinity stress, as evidenced by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In contrast, foliar spray of SA at a concentration of 100 μM promoted catalase (CAT) activity as well as phenolic content, thus reducing MDA and, consequently oxidative damage to membranes. Hence, foliar application of SA at 100 μM was effective in alleviation of salt stress in strawberry by improving PSII functioning, induction of compatible osmolytes and phenol metabolism, and mitigating membrane damage.

Influence of plant growth regulators and nutrients on biometric, growth and yield attributes in Blackgram (Vigna mungoL.)

A study was carried on the transport efficiency of blackgram as influenced by the foliar application of plant growth regulators and nutrient mixture during rabi, 2017-18 as pot culture experiment at glass house of the Department of Crop Physiology. Foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) (250 ppm), mepiquat chloride (MC) (250 ppm), chlorocholine chloride (CCC) (150 ppm) were applied at flower initiation stage and 15 days after the first spray, on blackgram with and without the seed treatment of salicylic acid (50 ppm). TNAU Pulse Wonder (1%) was applied as foliar spray at peak flowering stage. Among the treatments, TNAU Pulse Wonder recorded higher plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and seed yield plant-1. It is concluded that TNAU Pulse Wonder improved the source-sink relationship compared to other treatments with enhanced biometric, growth parameters and yield of blackgram.