Foliar Application Of Manganese Research Articles

Responses of Canola Cultivars to Application of Micronutrients upon Late-season Drought Stress

ABSTRACT There are different climate classes in Iran where about 85% of the agricultural lands are located in arid and semi-arid regions. To mitigate or compensate effects of drought stress and increase crop fitting and yield, effects of micronutrient application have been studied by several researchers. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 crop seasons to investigate the effect of micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars under late-season drought stress conditions. The experiments were arranged in a factorial split-plot design, with two irrigation treatments – normal irrigation (control) or restricted irrigation at flowering stage – and four foliar applications of Zn and Mn after rosette stage (F1: Water, F2: ZnSO4, F3: MnSO4 and F4: ZnSO4 + MnSO4) as the main factor. Winter canola cultivars, including Okapy, Hyola401 and Hyola308, as sub-factor. The results showed that limited irrigation at flowering reduced seed yield, oil percentage and fatty acids content in different canola cultivars. Most of the canola oil is composed of unsaturated fatty acids, and the occurrence of drought stress at the reproductive stage reduced oil quality. By contrast, the minimum yield loss was obtained from Hylon401 cultivar, an early mature cultivar. Overall, it is recommended Hylon401 cultivar for normal irrigation and Hylon308 cultivar for a drought environment when considered the acceptable seed yield in canola. In general, it is suggested that a suitable performance of canola seeds is achieved by foliar application of manganese and zinc.

Manganese and zinc effect on yield, fatty acid ratio, and maternal seeds germination of canola cultivars upon late-season drought stress

To mitigate the effects of drought stress on fatty acid compositions and seed germination, various hypothesis have been studied by researchers. In this study, the field experiments were conducted in two cropping seasons (2020–2021) to investigate the effect of micronutrients on some characteristics of canola cultivars under late-season drought stress conditions. The experiments were arranged in a factorial split-plot design with three replications. The main factors included irrigation regimes (regular irrigation and irrigation interruption at the flowering stage) and foliar applications of Zn and Mn after rosette stage (F1: none application, F2: ZnSO4, F3: MnSO4, and F4: ZnSO4+MnSO4). The third factor included three cultivars, including Nima, R15 and KS7, as subfactor. Limited irrigation at flowering stage reduced length of seedling (25% and 17%), weight of seedling (30% and 14%), and seed yield (42% and 29) in first and second year, respectively. Irrigation withholding at flowering stage reduced seed yield by 37, 27, and 42% in R15, Nima and KS7 cultivars, respectively. Based on the current experimental data, irrigation withholding at flowering stage caused severe stress to the plants, especially those with long-term growth periods such as R15 and KS7. By contrast, the minimum yield loss was obtained from Nima cultivar, an early mature cultivar. Overall, it is recommended R15 cultivar for normal irrigation and Nima cultivar for a drought environment when considered the acceptable seed yield in new plants. In general, it is suggested that a suitable performance of canola seeds is achieved by foliar application of manganese and zinc.

Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation

A field experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation was conducted at the Research and Education Centre in Tomaszkowo, Poland (53°72′ N; 20°42′ E) in the years 2013–2016. Fertilisation with nitrogen at 150 and 200 kg ha−1 and foliar application of manganese at 0.5 and 1.5 kg ha−1 were the research factors. Wheat infestation by Fusarium spp. was determined by the habitat conditions during crop growth. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation affected the presence of Fusarium spp. symptoms on wheat ears, but the infestation intensity decreased with increasing nitrogen and manganese content in the grain. Only the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) was correlated with Fusarium spp. infestation. Increasing the nitrogen fertilisation rate from 150 kg ha−1 to 200 kg ha−1 resulted in higher grain contamination with toxins. Supplementation of nitrogen fertilisation with manganese reduced the number of mycotoxins in wheat grain. The grain yield was mainly affected by the varied weather conditions during the wheat-growing periods. Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation differentiated the wheat grain yield. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the weather conditions and nitrogen and manganese fertilisation on the grain yield, occurrence of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin level in winter wheat grain.

Study the effect of iron, zinc and manganese foliar application on morphological and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Chamran cultivar) under different irrigation regimes

به ‏منظور بررسی اثر محلول‏ پاشی عناصر آهن، روی و منگنز بر صفات مرفولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان (رقم چمران) تحت رژیم آبیاری، آزمایشی به‏ صورت کرت‏ های خرد شده با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1396-1395 در شهرستان رامهرمز اجرا گردید. عوامل آزمایشی شامل رژیم آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری کامل (عدم تنش آبی) و قطع آبیاری از آغاز مرحله پنجه ‏زنی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک (تنش آبی) به ‏عنوان عامل اصلی و محلول ‏پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی در شش سطح عدم محلول‏ پاشی (شاهد)، محلول‏ پاشی با آب، آهن، روی، منگنز و آهن + روی + منگنز (هر کدام سه لیتر در هکتار) در سه مرتبه و در مراحل‏ پنجه ‏زنی، ساقه رفتن و گرده ‏افشانی به ‏عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد، تنش آبی صفات طول پدانکل (26.62 درصد)، طول سنبله (12.87 درصد)، ارتفاع بوته (22.91 درصد)، تعداد پنجه در متر مربع (29.21 درصد)، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع (26.85 درصد)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (13.43 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (17.37 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (46.10 درصد) را به ‏طور معنی ‏داری (p <0.01) کاهش داد. بااین‌وجود، کاربرد مجزا و تلفیقی آهن، روی و منگنز صفات اندازه‏ گیری شده را به ‏طور متوسط 15.20، 7.72، 7.32، 25.18، 23.24، 8.84، 8.76 و 32.63 درصد تحت تنش آبی به‏ ترتیب افزایش دادند. در این میان، کاربرد محلول‏ پاشی روی بیشترین اثر را در کاهش آسیب ناشی از تنش آبی بر صفات مورداندازه‌گیری نشان داد. به‌طورکلی، استفاده از عناصر ریزمغذی به ‏ویژه روی به ‏صورت محلول ‏پاشی می‏تواند اثرات زیان‏بار ناشی از تنش آبی را کاهش و موجب بهبود صفات مورفولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان در منطقه رامهرمز شود.

Foliar spray time affects the efficacy of applied manganese on enhancing cucumber resistance to Podosphaera fuliginea

Foliar application of manganese (Mn) is an effective factor in enhancing of plant resistance to fungal diseases, but the efficiency of this method strongly depends on the application time. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of application time of Mn on cucumber resistance against powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera fuliginea. For this purpose, high levels of Mn in cucumber leaves were provided by foliar spray of MnSO4, and Mn-amino acid complexes (Mn-Lysine and Mn-Methionine) at 14, 10, 7, and 4 days before inoculation (dbi) by P. fuliginea. The excess levels of Mn led to a significant reduction in fungal disease. The highest reduction in disease severity was observed when Mn solutions were applied 4 dbi. The cucumber plants treated by Mn at 4 dbi accumulated the higher level of Mn in their leaves than those treated at 14, 10 and 7 dbi. The concentration of Mn in leaf was more important factor than the changes of shoot and root dry masses, PO and PPO activities and leaf cell wall lignin content in effectiveness of applied Mn. The Mn-amino acid complexes were more effective than MnSO4 in increase of dry mass and leaf lignin content. Mn-Lys was the most effective source of Mn in decrease of disease severity. Based on the results, application time is a significant factor determining the efficiency of foliar Mn application on increase of crop resistance to P. fuliginea.

Effect of foliar application of nano iron and manganese chelated on yield and yield component of canola (Brassica napus L.) under waterdeficit stress at different plant growth stages

In order to study the effect of nano- iron and manganese fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted at 2013-2014 growing season at the Research Farm in Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. Experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design arrangement in split plot with three replications. Three irrigation regimes (without water deficit stress, water deficit stress at vegetative stage and water deficit stress at reproductive stage) were randomized to the main plots and combinations of foliar nano-iron and nano-manganese application as were randomized to the sub plots. Statistical analysis showed that irrigation and spraying regimes and their interactions had significant effect on most of the measured traits. Water deficit stress significantly reduced yield and yield components of RGS canola variety. The most reduction was observed in plants under water deficit condition at reproductive stage. Use of micronutrients increased canola grain yield. The maximum grain yield was observed in plants that treated with iron sulfate 1 per thousand + manganese sulfate 1.5 per thousand. In general, low concentration levels of iron and manganese foliar application was more effective on plants for reduction harmful effect of water deficit levels than high micronutrient concentrations.

Effect of manganese foliar application on growth and yield of three sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) Varieties

A Field experiment was conducted in Ramadi city, Al-Anbar province in the spring season 2011 to evaluate the effect of three Manganese foliar application levels which were (0,20 and 30 mg.L-1) on growth and yield of three sunflower varieties (F.S, Flame and Euro Flore). Split plot experiment was carried out using RCBD experiment design with three replicate. Study results showed a significant difference in plant growth and yield. The level 30 mg.L-1 gave the highest average of plant leaf area (4446 cm2.plant-1), manganese absorption quantity (99.36 mg.kg-1), head diameter (13.76cm), seed yield (3.629 mega gr.h-1). While the level 20 mg.L-1 was exceeded in plant height (171.53cm), stem diameter (1.371cm), The Euro Flore variety reached the highest average on all parameters except plant leaf area, which exceeded in flame variety. The interaction effects between Manganese levels and sunflower varieties was significantly affected all studied parameters.

Enzyme activity in soybean seeds produced under foliar application of manganese

Several factors affect the quality of soybean seeds, including the mineral nutrition of plants. Manganese (Mn) is an important nutrient because it has as one of its functions the enzyme activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity in seeds of soybean cultivars produced with foliar application of different doses of Mn. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) (Federal University of Lavras) in randomized blocks with three replications and 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four soybean cultivars, two conventional and its genetically modified RR derived (BRS Celeste and BRS Baliza RR; BRSGO Jataí and BRS Silvânia RR), four doses of Mn via foliar application (0; 200; 400 and 600 g Mn ha-1) and two stages of application (R1 or R3). In the seeds, the expressions of the enzymes esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PRX) and isocitratelyase (ICL) were determined. For evaluation of physiological quality, the germination test and emergence speed index (ESI) were performed. The Mn content in the seeds was also determined. The expression of the enzymes EST, SOD, PRX and ICL in soybean seeds are affected by foliar application of Mn, regardless of the stages of application. In the seeds of the cultivars that showed better physiological quality, Celeste and Baliza RR, greater expressions of the enzymes ADH and ICL and lower expressions of MDH and of PRX were observed.

Response of soybean yield to manganese foliar application under short-term drought stress

This research was done in order to investigate the Response of soybean yield to manganese foliar application under short-term drought stress at flowering stage in climatic condition of Kermanshah, Iran 2010. The experimental design was a split split plot based on Randomized Complete Block design with three replicates. Treatments includes: two irrigation regimes, two foliar treatments, and eight soybean cultivars. At the V4 growth stage, the plants were sprayed twice with 0.5% manganese liquid or distilled water. At the end of growing season, biological yield, grain yield, yield components and harvest index were measured. The results of analysis variance were shown that irrigation regimes, manganese foliar treatments and cultivars had significant effects on number of pod and seed per plant, grain yield and biological yield at 1% level (P<0.01). Irrigation at all of growth stages and manganese foliar application produced the highest number of node per plant, number of sub branch, number of pod and seed per plant, grain yield and biological yield in soybean cultivars. Whereas, maximum 100-seed weight and harvest index were obtained with irrigation withholding at flowering stage. The effect of Mn foliar application in water deficit condition on pod and seed number, grain yield, and biological yield were higher than when manganese was used in Ic treatment.

Soybean growth under drought stress and foliar manganese

The objective of the present study was to investigate effect of manganese foliar application on soybean growth under drought stress condition. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted as a split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Kermanshah province, Iran, 2010. Treatments includes: two irrigation regimes, two foliar treatments, and eight soybean cultivars. At the V4 growth stage, the plants were sprayed twice with 0.5% manganese liquid or distilled water. During the reproductive growth stages, five plants were selected from each plot randomly and leaf area index, stem, leaf, pod, and seed dry weight were measured. The results shown that in stressed plants leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weight was reduced. Total dry weight decreased with irrigation withholding by 12.5%. In addition, soybean plants have lower leaves at the end of growing season under water deficit conditions. Furthermore, in well water condition, Clark, Williams, and DPX cultivars had the highest response to Mn foliar application. Also, Mn application at water deficit condition had significant effect on pod and grain dry weight in all of evaluated cultivars. Total dry weight of M7 cultivar had the lowest response to manganese application in both condition compared the other cultivars.

Aplicação foliar de manganês em soja transgênica tolerante ao glyphosate

O amarelecimento da soja Roundup Ready após aplicação do glyphosate pode estar associado à deficiência momentânea de manganês. Por isso, com a hipótese de que soja tolerante ao glyphosate necessitaria de uma adição suplementar de manganês, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes manejos na aplicação foliar de manganês sobre alguns parâmetros da soja. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, um no município de Taquaruçú do Sul e outro em Boa Vista das Missões, RS, no ano agrícola 2009/2010. Foram testados os seguintes tratamentos: 1) sem aplicação de glyphosate, com controle manual das plantas daninhas e sem aplicação foliar de manganês (testemunha); 2) sem aplicação de glyphosate, com controle manual das plantas daninhas e uma aplicação foliar de manganês sete dias após esse controle manual das plantas daninhas; 3) com aplicação de glyphosate e sem aplicação foliar de manganês; 4) aplicação de glyphosate em mistura com manganês; 5) aplicação de glyphosate mais uma aplicação foliar de manganês sete dias após aplicação do glyphosate; 6) aplicação de glyphosate mais aplicação foliar de manganês parcelada em duas épocas, aos 7 e 14 dias após aplicação do glyphosate; 7) aplicação de glyphosate e uma aplicação foliar de manganês aos 14 dias após aplicação de glyphosate. A aplicação de glyphosate foi realizada no estádio V5 da soja, na dose de 720g L-1 e.a, enquanto a dose de Mn utilizada foi 2,0L ha-1 de uma formulação contendo 14% (m/v) de manganês solúvel. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para as variáveis estatura de plantas e altura de inserção da primeira vagem. A aplicação de glyphosate não afetou a absorção e o teor foliar de manganês e nitrogênio na cultura da soja. Mesmo com aumento no teor foliar de manganês com a suplementação de manganês, não houve incremento na produtividade da soja. Isso mostra que em solos com teores de Mn acima do suficiente a aplicação do herbicida glifosato não requer a suplementação foliar de manganês em soja geneticamente modificada tolerante a esse herbicida.

Foliar Application of Manganese Increases Seed Yield and Improves Seed Quality of Cotton Grown on Calcareous Soils

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often grown on calcareous soils where manganese (Mn) deficiency is quite common. Despite the fact that Mn deficiency can limit cotton productivity the effect of foliar application of Mn was not determined. A field study was conducted to determine if foliar Mn applications during anthesis affects the growth and yield of cotton. Manganese increased the chlorophyll content by up to 17% compared with the control treatment with no difference between the two rates of Mn. Moreover, Mn increased the seed yield by an average of 30%, the number of bolls per plant by 31%, the number of bolls per square meter by 31% and boll retention by 37% compared with the control, but it did not affect the mean boll weight and the quality of the fibers. Foliar application of Mn increased seed germination by an average of 14% and increased seed vigor (AA) by an average of 28% compared with the control treatment. The results obtained here suggest that foliar Mn application can improve the lint and seed yield and also the seed quality of cotton grown for seed production on calcareous soils.

Effect of Zinc and Manganese Foliar Application on Yield, Quality and Enrichment on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

In order to study effect of foliar application of Zinc and Manganese on yield and quality of potato crop, an experiment was conducted at Aligoudarz Agriculture research station, Lorestan, Iran. The experiment was a randomized complete block design whit 4 replication. All combinations of 4 levels of both elements (including 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppt solution as sulfate compound ZnSO4, MnSO4), Which formed 16 different treatments, were distributed randomly in each block. Solutions were sprayed 10 days before and 20 days after flowering. Plants were harvested after ripened and plant characteristics including tuber weight, number of tuber per plant, tuber yield, percent of dry matter, specific weight, protein and starch percent on tuber were measured. Results showed that Zn and Mn application increased all plant characteristics relating to yield and quality of potato crop. These were tuber yield per plant, dry matter percentage, specific weight, protein and starch contents of the tuber. Application of Zn at 8 ppt increased yield to 34170 kg ha-1 which, was 25% higher compare with control, meanwhile application of Mn at 4 ppt level increased yield to 33866 kg ha-1 which was only 15% higher than control. However application of Mn at 8 ppt decreased both quality and yield of potato tuber compare with 2 and 4 ppt. maximum yield (38950 kg ha-1) was obtained at 8 ppt of Zn and 4 ppt of Mn foliar application. Fertilizers were significantly affected on elements percentage in tuber. Zinc increased Zn percentage and decrease phosphorus percentage in tuber. Manganese increased Mn percentage of tuber, but no significantly effected on Zn, P and K in tuber. Zinc and manganese Fertilizers together increased Zn and Mn percentage and decrease P percentage in tubers, that they no significant.

The effect of soil- and foliar-applied manganese in preventing the onset of manganese deficiency in Lupinus angustifolius

The efficacy of the application of manganese, either applied to soil or as foliar sprays at three stages of flower development, in preventing the expression of manganese deficiency (ruptured seed coats ('split seed'); delayed maturity ('regreening'); and poor grain yield) in two cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius (cvv. Marri and Illyarrie) was assessed on sandy soils of the upper South East and Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia. Six experiments were conducted during 1979 and 1980. A single foliar application of manganese (1.7 kg Mn/ha, in 200 litre water) when the upper-lateral shoots were in mid-flower, prevented the onset of the disorder. Applications of manganese to the soil at sowing at rates of up to 11.1 kg Mn/ha were usually less effective. The appearance of 'split-seed' symptoms in mature grain was a more sensitive indicator of manganese deficiency than was grain yield response to manganese fertilization. The degree to which these symptoms appeared increased markedly when the manganese concentration in intact seed became less than 8-10 �g/g dry seed, an observation which is consistent with other studies.