Foliar Application Of GA3 Research Articles

Foliar Application of Gebbrillic and Salicylic Acids Improves Fruit Quality and Yield and Reduces Aphid Population in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate crop suffers many problems during tree growth and fruit production stages. The pomegranate ramp, Aphis punicae (Passerini) is serious pests that attack pomegranate in Egypt. This study was carried out to examine the influence of ascorbic acid (ASA), gibbrellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and fruit quality and aphid population in pomegranate. The application rates were (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) for ASA, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm for GA and 200, 400 and 600 ppm for SA thrice during the growing season. The foliar application of GA3 and SA improved yield (kg/tree), fruit weight (g) , fruit number/tree, fruit cracking, TSS, acidity %, TSS/acid % ratio , and reduced aphid population.

Using Foliar Application of Fe and GA3 to Improve Growth of Two Olive cv. (Olea europaea ) Transplants.

This investigation was carried out in the lath house of the nursery of Malta station/ Duhok. Kurdistan region, Iraq. During the growing season of 2017, to study the effect of the different concentrations of Fe (0, 10 and 20 mg.L -1) and GA3 (0 , 500 and 1000 mg.L-1) on vegetative growth, roots length and leaves nutrients content of one year old of two olive cultivars (Nebali and Bashike) transplantings. The results appear that Nebali cultivar significantly dominated in stem length (cm), stem diameter(mm), branch length(cm), leaves number, root length(cm), N(%), K(%), P(%) and Fe(mg.L-1), Baeshike cultivar dominate in leaf area (cm2), stem length(cm) , shoot root ratio(%), root length(cm) and K (%) were significantly increased with the increase the GA3 to 1000 mg.L-1. Foliar application of GA3 at 500 mg.L-1 significantly increased branch length (cm) and P (%). The transplants sprayed with the Fe in 10 mg.L-1 only significantly effect on the Fe % content but spray transplants with the Fe at 20 mg.L-1 had significantly affected on stem diameter(mm), leave number root length(cm) and N(%). Most of the interactions (cultivar × Fe and cultivar × GA3) showed significant effects on the most studied characteristics.

Effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid on different growth contributing characters of mungbean

The comparative growth and yield performances between two Mungbean (BARI Mung 6 and BARI Mung 5) varieties with foliar application of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) were studied to find out the suitable variety and optimum level of GA3 application. The design of experiment followed was RCBD. Data on morpho-physiological characteristics were recorded at 15, 25, 35, 45and 55 days after sowing (DAS) and yield contributing parameters were recorded only at harvest stage. The results showed that application of GA3 @ 100 ppm produced better performance on morpho-physiological characters namely, plant height (56.59cm), number of leaves per plant (10.75), branches per plant (4.75), length of root (24.73cm), total dry matter weight (12.67g)which were recorded from the variety BARI mung 6 with the foliar application of GA3 @ 100 ppm. Yield contributing characters were also showed the highest performance in terms of number of pods per plant (23.40), pod length (6.67cm), number of seeds per pod (12.82), thousand seed weight (33.95 g), seed yield (7.53 g/plant and 1.92 t ha–1), and harvest index (35.36%) which were the highest with the application of 100 ppm GA3 in case of BARI Mung 6. Single and combined effects of treatments were found statistically significant. Between two varieties BARI Mung 6, among the treatments GA3 @ 100 ppm as foliar application and interaction effect of GA3 @ 100 ppm and BARI mung 6 showed the highest performance in respect of all growth and yield parameters.
 Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 233-238, 2018

Effect of pre harvest foliar spray of growth regulators on pre and post harvest parameters in ornamental sunflower genotype M-17R

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre harvest foliar application of growth regulators on the pre and post harvest flower quality in ornamental sunflower during the year 2012-13, at College of Horticulture, GKVK campus, UHS, Bagalkot. At 60 DAS highest plant height was with GA3 @ 150 ppm (154.73 cm) followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm (146.20 cm) and GA3 @ 250 ppm (145.53 cm). Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm (4508.77 cm2) registered maximum plant spread at 60 DAS. Foliar application of GA3 @ 150 ppm (25.00) produced highest number of leaves which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm and GA3 @ 250 ppm recording 24.87, 24.80 and 24.67 leaves respectively. Calcium sulphate @ 200 ppm registered highest leaf area of (4930.30 cm2) which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, Calcium sulphate @ 300 ppm, Chlormequat chloride @ 500 ppm, Sodium silicate @ 350 ppm, and Chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm with 4792.64, 4735.04, 4721.75, 4503.05 and 4430.02 cm2 respectively.

Effect of pre harvest foliar spray of growth regulators on pre and post harvest parameters in ornamental sunflower genotype M-17R

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre harvest foliar application of growth regulators on the pre and post harvest flower quality in ornamental sunflower during the year 2012-13, at College of Horticulture, GKVK campus, UHS, Bagalkot. At 60 DAS highest plant height was with GA3 @ 150 ppm (154.73 cm) followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm (146.20 cm) and GA3 @ 250 ppm (145.53 cm). Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm (4508.77 cm2) registered maximum plant spread at 60 DAS. Foliar application of GA3 @ 150 ppm (25.00) produced highest number of leaves which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm and GA3 @ 250 ppm recording 24.87, 24.80 and 24.67 leaves respectively. Calcium sulphate @ 200 ppm registered highest leaf area of (4930.30 cm2) which was at par with Sodium silicate @ 250 ppm, Calcium sulphate @ 300 ppm, Chlormequat chloride @ 500 ppm, Sodium silicate @ 350 ppm, and Chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm with 4792.64, 4735.04, 4721.75, 4503.05 and 4430.02 cm2 respectively.

Effect of GA3 foliar application and urea on some green growth characteristics of olive young tree Picual cultivar (Olea Europea L.)

Effect of GA3 foliar application and urea on some green growth characteristics of olive young tree Picual cultivar (Olea Europea L.)

Improvement Yield and Quality of Dahlia Flowers by Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid under Sandy soil Conditions

Dahlia is one of the popular cut flowers in the world which characterized by the rich variety and attractive flower colors. Hence, in a field study 100, 200, 300mgL−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) were used during two successive seasons 2015 and 2016 to determine the possible role of each growth regulator in improving marketable quality, increasing yield and vase life of dahlia. Results indicated that the tallest plants (118.43cm) were those sprayed with GA3 at 200mgL-1. Additionally, it showed that foliar application of GA3 or SA at 200mgL−1 significantly increased the number of branches plant-1, fresh and dry weight plant-1, leaf numbers, leaf area plant-1, flower numbers, flower quality and vase life as well as tuber length, and numbers plant-1. The most rapid flowering (39.57 days after planting) occurred when plants were sprayed with GA3 at 200mgL1. Concomitant to the enhancement in the vegetable and flowering attributes, an increscent in the anthocyanin content and total soluble solids was observed in the petals by increasing GA3 and SA concentrations up to 200mgL−1. Additionally, a significant increment in the total chlorophyll content was recorded with GA3 and SA treatments. In conclusion, the vegetative and flowering characters of dahlia could be improved by application of either GA3 or SA.

Growth of Different Olive Varieties Influences with Foliar Application of GA3 under Saline Conditions

Growth of Different Olive Varieties Influences with Foliar Application of GA3 under Saline Conditions

Effect of plant growth regulators on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) var. Bhaskara

<p>An experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators at three important growth stages<br />(flushing, flowering and fruiting) on leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, stomatal count and yield of cashew var. Bhaskara.<br />Irrespective of growth stages, foliar application of GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm was found to be superior in all the<br />parameters and on par with each other compared to other growth regulators. Out of nine treatments of different growth regulators;<br />the highest leaf area was recorded in trees sprayed with GA3 @ 50 ppm and ethrel @ 50 ppm. At flushing stage, spraying with GA3<br />@ 50 ppm resulted in highest stomatal number (21.9) and carotenoids (0.41) whereas unsprayed (control) trees recorded least<br />stomatal number (11.6) and carotenoids (0.19). Thus, leaf area, chlorophyll content, carotenoids and stomatal count increased in<br />trees sprayed with growth regulators than unsprayed trees. Spraying of ethrel @ 50 ppm recorded highest nut yield<br />(14.3 kg tree-1) followed by NAA @ 25 ppm + GA3 50 ppm (12.9 kg tree-1). This study demonstrated the potential of ethrel as well<br />as GA3 in improving various biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, carotenoids and leaf area in cashew<br />which are important determinants in increasing nut production.</p>

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English

Some improvement strategies for the sustainable chickpea development: single or combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with or without gibberellic acid treatment by foliar or seed priming.

An experiment was laid out with a target to enhance the performance of gram by the foliar spray of a minute amount of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate (P and S each at 2 kg/ha were sprayed in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment i.e., spray or soaking or P and S solution at 0.1%) with or without the seed priming of GA3 (10-6M GA3 for 8h) and/ or the GA3 foliar application (10-6M GA3 at 60-70 DAS). Monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate each at 2 kg/ha were foliage applied in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the GA3. Prior to sowing, total seeds were categorised into two groups; one group of seeds was primed in 0.0M GA3 and the other was primed in 10-6M GA3 aqueous solution, each for 8 hours. Total 16 treatments with 10 best combinations of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate with GA3 are possible viz., FPS, SGA + FP, SGA + FS, SGA + FPS, FGAP, FGAS, FGAPS, SGA + FGAP, SGA + FGAS and SGA + FGAPS. The combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with GA3 stimulated seed yield per plant, total protein and carbohydrate content at 130 DAS, along with other parameters at the 80 and 90 DAS.

Some improvement strategies for the sustainable chickpea development: Single or combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with or without gibberellic acid treatment by foliar or seed priming

An experiment was laid out with a target to enhance the performance of gram by the foliar spray of a minute amount of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate (P and S each at 2 kg/ha were sprayed in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment i.e., spray or soaking or P and S solution at 0.1%) with or without the seed priming of GA3 (10-6M GA3 for 8h) and/ or the GA3 foliar application (10-6M GA3 at 60-70 DAS). Monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate each at 2 kg/ha were foliage applied in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the GA3. Prior to sowing, total seeds were categorised into two groups; one group of seeds was primed in 0.0M GA3 and the other was primed in 10-6M GA3 aqueous solution, each for 8 hours. Total 16 treatments with 10 best combinations of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate with GA3 are possible viz., FPS, SGA + FP, SGA + FS, SGA + FPS, FGAP, FGAS, FGAPS, SGA + FGAP, SGA + FGAS and SGA + FGAPS. The combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with GA3 stimulated seed yield per plant, total protein and carbohydrate content at 130 DAS, along with other parameters at the 80 and 90 DAS.

Response of Washington Navel Orange Trees to Some Soil Amendments and Foliar application of GA3 under Clay Soil Conditions

Response of Washington Navel Orange Trees to Some Soil Amendments and Foliar application of GA3 under Clay Soil Conditions

Exogenous Application of Ethrel and Gibberellic Acid Stimulates Physiological Growth of Late Planted Sugarcane with Short Growth Period in Sub-tropical India

Physiological growth of late planted sugarcane crop is restricted by high temperature and a short growth period. This causes considerable reduction in crop and sucrose yields. Improving physiological growth within the short period is, therefore, highly desirable. Two field experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of exogenous applications of Ethrel and gibberellic acid (GA3) on sprouting, shoot population and physiological growth. Sugarcane setts were soaked overnight in Ethrel before planting. Foliar application of GA3 was performed at 90, 120 and 150 days after planting (DAP). Ethrel soaking led to 100% sprouting and high settling population at 20 DAP, due to a significant increase in bud moisture and activities of acid invertase (AI), indole acetic acid oxidase (IAAO), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in vivo. Early sprouting increased the growth period to 245 days compared to 220 days in the unsoaked setts. The applications increased leaf area (57%), leaf area index (76%), leaf area ratio (71%), leaf area duration (48%), biomass duration (52%) and net assimilation rate (69.64%) at the grand growth stage. The changes led to increased shoot numbers (26.3%), internodal numbers stalk−1 (40.74%), internodal length (40%), internodal girth (46.15%) and stalk length (42%) at the harvest stage. The stimulated physiological growth augmented dry matter content, oBrix and purity of cane juice by 24.2, 3 and 0.3%, respectively. The study demonstrates that the induction of higher shoot numbers together with increased leaf area index (LAI) and stalk elongation within a short growth period through Ethrel soaking and gibberellic acid applications is positively associated with enhanced dry matter and sucrose contents.

Effect of Nitrogen and GA3 on growth and flowering behavior of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of nitrogen and GA3 on growth and flowering behavior of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture C. C. S. University Campus, Meerut (U.P.) in 2015. There were applied a total number of nine treatments and layout arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Result indicated that soil application of nitrogen@100kg/ha with foliar application of GA3 @ 200ppm at 20 and 50 days after transplanting were found to be statistically significant and most beneficial in relation to plant height, primary branch, secondary branch, spread of plant, diameter in stem, flower diameter, number of flower per plant, fresh weight of flower per plant and yield of flower as compared to control and other treatments.

FRUIT SET AND QUALITY OF 'CANINO' APRICOT FRUITS AS AFFECTED BY SPRAYING WITH YEAST, GROWTH REGULATORS AND MICRONUTRIENTS

This experiment was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons on 'Canino' apricot trees grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private farm at El-Bostan region in Behera governorate, Egypt to study the effect of foliar spraying with Yeast (0.1 and 0.2%), Benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm), GA3 (50 and 100 ppm), Boric acid (25 and 50 ppm) and flower power (2 and 4%) at full bloom stage on fruit set and fruit quality. Results showed that spraying 'Canino' trees with BA at 100 ppm followed by Boric acid (25 ppm) as well as GA3 (50 ppm) gave the highest significant fruit set in comparison to control. Fruit weight, volume, length, width and fruit flush weight were significantly increased as result of GA3 at 50 ppm, Flower power (4%) and GA3 (100 ppm) treatments respectively. Moreover, firmness of fruits obtained from BA at 50 ppm and Flower power at 4% treatments were significantly higher than control. The data also reveal that applied treatments had no significant effect on fruit shape index (L/W). Concerning the results of fruit kernel properties, it was noticed that, GA3 at 50 ppm, boric acid (25 ppm) and flower power (2%) treatments were more effective to enhance 'Canion' kernel properties. Treatments of BA at 100 ppm and Yeast at 0.1 % as well as Flower power at 4% increased SSC (%) and SSC/acid ratio. However, all treatments significantly decreased acidity percentage comparing with control fruits. It can be concluded that, most of the studied parameters were enhanced with foliar applications of GA3 at 50 ppm, BA at 100 ppm and Flower power at 4% at full bloom stage of 'Canino' apricot trees in comparison with control treatment.

Effect of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid and Machine Oil Emulsion Mixture on Flowering and Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa) Cultivated on Open Fields

In satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa), alternate bearing is frequently occurred. It is very difficult to control and maintain the optimum production because satsuma mandarin is a very sensitive citrus cultivar. We carried out the experiment to find out the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and machine oil emulsion mixture on flowering and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin grown on open field. The treatments were composed of control (no application), GA₃ (25, 50 and 100 mg?L -1 ), machine oil emulsion 100 times and mixture of GA₃ (25 and 50 mg?L -1 ) with machine oil emulsion 100 times on 16 year-old ‘Miyagawa’ satsuma mandarin on December 30, 2012. Foliar application of GA₃ during winter season led to a reduction of the flowering in the following year. GA₃ decreased flowering in dose dependant manner. However, application of GA₃ and machine oil emulsion (100 times-diluted mixture) inhibited effectively the flowering compared to GA₃ only. Also, flower-leaf ratio was significantly decreased by the application of GA₃3 25 (0.54) and 50 (0.41) mg?L -1 with machine oil emulsion mixture in comparison to GA₃ 25 (0.86) and 50 (0.60) mg?L -1 only. The number of leaves per fruit increased in application of GA₃ and machine oil emulsion mixture as concentration of GA₃ increased. Fruit weight and sugar-acid ratio also increased in comparison to the control whereas fruit size, soluble solid content and acidity remained unchanged. From the results, it was suggested that GA₃ application can reduce the number of flowers on the alternate bearing of satsuma mandarin. Moreover, application of GA₃ (25 and 50 mg?L -1 ) with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixture can reduce the flowering effectively without altering fruit maturity and soluble solid contents. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of GA₃ 25 and 50 mg?L -1 with machine oil emulsion 100 times might be useful in controlling alternate bearing in satsuma mandarin.

Application of GA3 and girdling of branches on the production of extemporaneous fruits of 'Tahiti' acid lime

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of girdling of branches and the application of GA3, still in the main crop flowering on the formation of reproductive structures, the fruit set of the following extemporaneous flowering of 'Tahiti' acid lime. This work used a randomized block design with five replications in a 4x3 factorial design. The first factor was the foliar application of GA3, 88 days before extemporaneous flowering at five concentrations (0, 7, 14 and 21 mg.L-1). The second factor was the girdling times, 108 days before flowering onset (A108AF), 78 days before flowering (A78AF) plus no-girdling control (NG). In extemporaneous flowering, the proportion of buds, flowers and fruits that abscised was 38.75, 31.25 and 18.64% respectively and 11.34% of all reproductive structures formed were collected. GA3 did not affect fruit set. Girdling increased fruit set by 229 and 256% at A108DAF and A78DAF respectively, in relation to NG plants. The GA3 reduced the formation of floral structures, which resulted in a quadratic increase in field production by reducing the competition for photoassimilates among fruits. The concentration of 21 mg.L-1 was the most productive, with 15.97 fruit.plant-1.

Effect of pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid on the contents of pigments in cut leaves of Asarum europaeum L.

The experiment determined the effect of gibberellic acid applied prior to harvest on the contents of plant pigments in cut leaves of wild ginger (<em>Asarum europaeum </em>L.), cultivated in an unheated plastic tunnel and in the field. Foliar application of GA<sub>3</sub> at a concentration of 100, 200, 400, 600 mg x dm<sup>-3</sup> was repeated four times every two weeks. It has been proven that pre-harvest spraying of plants with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 100 mg x dm<sup>-3</sup> has a positive effect on the content of photosynthetically active pigments in the leaves of <em>A. europaeum </em>cultivated in an unheated plastic tunnel. Application of GA<sub>3</sub> at a concentration of 600 mg x dm<sup>-3</sup> led to the accumulation of the greatest amount of anthocyanins in the leaves of <em>Asarum europaeum </em>cultivated both in the unheated plastic tunnel and in the field. The response of plants to GA<sub>3</sub> application, expressed in the amount of flavonoids, depended on conditions related to the cultivation site. Pre-harvest treatment of <em>A. europaeum </em>plants with gibberellic acid at concentrations of 100-600 mg x dm<sup>-3</sup> reduced the production of flavonoids in tunnel-grown wild ginger, but enhanced their accumulation in plants cultivated in the field. Pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid did not affect the fresh weight or dry mass content in plant material.

지베렐린 엽면살포가 ‘궁천조생’ 감귤의 착화와 과실품질에 미치는 영향

Effect of Foliar Application of GA₃ on the Flower Bud Formation and Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarine (<italic>C. unshiu</italic> Marc. cv. Miyagawa)-Alternate bearing,Flowering,Fruit quality,GA₃