Foenum-graecum Seeds Research Articles

Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticle Synthesized by Green Method Using Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract

Earlier study showed the effective hematopoietic potential of gold nanoparticle (FG-GNP) synthesized using fenugreek seed aqueous extract. The present work was an effort to establish the hepatoprotective activity of FG-GNP in animal model. Swiss albino male mice (n=4) were grouped into: Gr.1- Sham Control, Gr.2- CCl4 treated (1.5ml/kg), Gr.3- Standard Drug (Silymarin) treated (100mg/kg/p.o.), Gr.4- Fenugreek treated (100mg/kg/p.o.), Gr.5- FG-GNP treated (0.5mg/kg/p.o.). Biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, γGT, ACP, ALP, total bilirubin), pro-inflammatory parameters (IL 1β, IL 17, TNF α), anti-inflammatory parameters (IL 10, Cathepsin K), antioxidant parameters (GSH, SOD, Catalase) and prooxidant parameter (LPO) were assayed. Histology of liver tissue was done. AST and ALT release from liver tissue was done by in vitro liver slice model. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA, values expressed as mean±SE, P FG. Further studies regarding molecular actions of FG-GNP are warranted.

Development of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Trigonelline Biomarker fromTrigonella foenum-graecumSeeds Followed by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analyses

An efficient and fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for extracting trigonelline as an indicative biomarker for the quality control of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. The MAE procedure was optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. The optimal conditions of MAE were 50% methanol as solvent, solid—liquid ratio 1:20 g mL−1, irradiation power 40%, and two extraction cycles, 3 min each. The proposed extraction technique produced a maximum yield of 7.89 mg g−1 trigonelline in 6 min which was 1.28 and 2.20 times more efficient than 3 h of heat reflux and 15 h of maceration extraction, respectively. Furthermore, rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the quantification of trigonelline were established and validated. The methods were found to be simple, sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific for the estimation of trigonelline in T. foenum-graecum seeds extract and overcame disadvantages ...

Anti-cholelithogenic potential of dietary spices and their bioactives

ABSTRACTDietary hypocholesterolemic spices—curcumin (active compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa)) and capsaicin (active compound of red pepper (Capsicum annuum)), the active principles of spices—turmeric (Curcuma longa) and red pepper (Capsicum annuum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, garlic (Allium sativum), and onion (Allium cepa) are documented to have anti-cholelithogenic property in animal model. These spices prevent the induction of cholesterol gallstones by lithogenic high cholesterol diet and also regress the pre-established cholesterol gallstones, by virtue of their hypolipidemic potential. The antilithogenic influence of these spices is primarily attributable to their hypocholesterolemic effect. Increased cholesterol saturation index, cholesterol:phospholipid ratio and cholesterol:bile acid ratio in the bile caused by the lithogenic diet was countered by these spices. The antilithogenicity of these hypocholesterolemic spices was considered to be due also to their influence on biliary proteins that have pro-nucleating activity and anti-nucleating activity. Investigations on the involvement of biliary proteins in cholesterol crystal nucleation revealed that in an in vitro bile model, low molecular weight biliary proteins of the lithogenic diet fed animals have a pro-nucleating activity. On the contrary, low molecular weight biliary proteins of the animals fed hypocholesterolemic spices along with lithogenic diet showed a potent anti-nucleating activity.

IN VİTRO ANTİTUMOR EFFECTS OF A NEW CULTİVAR (GÜRARSLAN) OF TRİGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM L.

Background: The main goals of our study were as follows: (1) to investigate whether the methanolic extract of the new cultivar (Gürarslan) of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds exhibit antiproliferative effects on the HeLa human cervix carcinoma, Mat-LyLu rat prostate carcinoma and 3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblast cell lines, (2) to determine how mitosis and DNA synthesis are affected in cancer cells by the extract, and (3) to observe the changes in cell morphology after treatment with the extract. 
 Materials and Methods: The effect on cell proliferation of these extracts was detected by using methyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Mitotic index and labelling index was determined using the Feulgen staining and autoradiography methods, respectively. 
 Results: Our findings show that the methanolic extract of T. foenum graecum seeds might have antiproliferative properties on the cancer cell lines only, but not on the 3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblast cell line. 
 Conclusion: Our data show that the new variety of T. foenum graecum may have antitumoral properties.

Extraction, isolation and evaluation Trigonella foenum-graecum as mucoadhesive agent for nasal gel drug delivery

The purpose of the study is to formulate and evaluate a new, cheap and effective natural mucoadhesive agent that can be used as an effective alternative for traditional mucoadhesive agent. The study procedure involved extraction of mucoadhesive agent from the Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds, solubility testing of the mucilage obtained, phytochemical testing, determination of swelling index, preparation of nasal gel, measurement of viscosity, The study showed that the extraction of fenugreek seeds had 36% w/w of mucoadhesive agent. The natural mucoadhesive agent was soluble in hot water and cold water. The swelling index was found to be 160%.Fenugreek seeds produce high viscosity mucilage at low concentration levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v27i1.12149 Journal of Nepal Pharmaceutical Association 2014 Vol.XXVII: 40-45

Comparative Study of Calix-6-arene, 2-Hydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrin and 18-Crown-6 as Ionophores in Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Extract and Plasma

Objective: The present work evaluates the influence of Calix-6-arene, 2-hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin and 18-crown-6 as ionophores on the fabrication of trigonelline selective electrodes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Results: The three proposed sensors showed Nernstian slopes of 59, 60 and 55.75 mV/concentration decades over pH range 4-9 for sensors 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Both sensors 1 and 2 covered the concentration range 10-3 – 10-5 M, while sensor 3 showed linear response over the range 10-2 – 10-4 M. The proposed sensors offer the advantages of fast response, low detection limits, and moderate stability time. The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicated excellent selectivity for trigonelline. The proposed electrodes were successfully applied for direct determination of trigonelline in pure form, Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma without prior separation or pretreatment steps. Conclusions: The proposed sensors can be used in quality control labs and in clinical trails for routine analysis of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma.

Catalytic degradation of organic dyes using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles paved the way to improve and protect the environment by decreasing the use of toxic chemicals and eliminating biological risks in biomedical applications. Plant mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is gaining more importance owing to its simplicity, rapid rate of synthesis of nanoparticles and eco-friendliness. The present article reports an environmentally benign and unexploited method for the synthesis of silver nanocatalysts using Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, which is a potential source of phytochemicals. The UV–visible absorption spectra of the silver samples exhibited distinct band centered around 400–440nm. The major phytochemicals present in the seed extract responsible for the formation of silver nanocatalysts are identified using FTIR spectroscopy. The report emphasizes the effect of the size of silver nanoparticles on the degradation rate of hazardous dyes, methyl orange, methylene blue and eosin Y by NaBH4. The efficiency of silver nanoparticles as a promising candidate for the catalysis of organic dyes by NaBH4 through the electron transfer process is established in the present study.

Effects of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds Saponin on Digestibility, N-Retention, Hematological parameters and blood Metabolites in Rabbits

Twelve rabbits were used to examine the effect of dietary saponin of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, N-retention and some blood metabolites. Animals were randomly assigned to three different treatments (0, 0.5 and 1 gram of saponins extract per day) with four animals per treatment. Before feeding, the different levels of fenugreek saponins extract were fed at 9:00 am, mixed with small quantities of carrot and bananas daily for a period of six weeks. Voluntary feed intake, dry matter digestibility, and live body weight gain significantly (P<0.05) increased in rabbits fed 0.5 and 1 gram fenugreek saponins extract. The N-retention improved in rabbits consumed 0.5 and 1 gram fenugreek saponins extract compared with the control. In contrast, cholesterol and triglyceride showed a significant reduction in rabbits (p<0.05) consumed the fenugreek saponions extract (0.5 and 1 gram) compared to the control. Hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count significantly (p<0.05) increased in rabbits fed fenugreek saponins extract compared to the control. Inclusion of fenugreek saponins extract to the diet concluded positive effects on production, hematological parameters and blood Metabolites of rabbits.

CORRELATION IN HAIR GROWTH AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

Alopecia or baldness is a very common dermatological disorder. The antioxidants are believed to check the loss of hair. Therefore, the present study deals with the assessment of antioxidant and hair growth promotion activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants for exploring the correlation between the activities. The present work deals with three plants - Trigonella foenumgraecum (seeds), Trigonella corniculata(seeds) and Geranium wallichianum (roots). Aloe vera gel based herbal formulations were prepared with extracts of each plant. Hair growth activity of the formulations was studied in comparison of 2 % minoxidil suspension (standard) in denuded area of albino rats for 30 days. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract were investigated by measuring and comparing the free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity of the plant extracts with the activity of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). It was concluded that Trigonella showed the best hair growth activity. The order of hair growth initiation time was found to be as followed- T. corniculata (6 d) = T. foenumgraceum (6 d) T. corniculata (90.24 %) > T. foenumgraceum (84.65 %) > G. wallichianum (35.62 %). As the hair growth activity of the plants was found to be in the same order as that of their antioxidant activity, it was concluded that antioxidant activity is associated with the hair growth activity also.

The Effects of Use Nigella Sativa and / or Trigonella Foenum Graecum Seeds as Feed Supplemtations on Some Wool Growth and Its Physical Traits of Awassi Male Lambs

The experiment was carried out at animal farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University from 1/July /2009 up to 28/February2010.Twenty Awssi male Lambs were equally divided into four groups and each animal fed on concentrate diets 2% of body weight with grazing for 3-5 hours a day. The first group(C) was kept as control group , the second group (N) was daily fed with same amount of concentrate diet contain 7.5% ground Nigella sativa seeds , third group (F) also fed with same amount contain 7.5% ground fenugreek seeds ,while the fourth group(NF) group fed the 2% concentrate diet supplemented with both (7.5% of Nigella sativa and 7.5% fenugreek seeds respectively ) as group feeding .The results revealed that using Nigella sativa or Fenugreek seeds as well as using both of them as a mixed feed supplemented with concentrated diet of Awassi ram lambs showed significantly ( P&lt; 0.05 ) increasing and improvements in greasy wool weights , clean wool weights ,wool fiber lengths ,wool staple lengths ,wool fiber diameters compare with control group while NF group recorded significantly ( P&lt; 0.05 ) higher than both of F and N groups in all of these parameters.

Oxidative degradation and polymerization of methyl parathion catalyzed by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed peroxidase

In the present study, peroxidase from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds was used for the oxidative degradation and polymerization of an organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was recalcitrant to the action of fenugreek seed peroxidase. In order to oxidize methyl parathion effectively byperoxidase, the role of some redox mediators has been investigated. The maximum oxidation of methyl parathion was observed in the presence of 0.3 mM phenol, 0.8 mM H2O2, and 0.5 U mL−1 of fenugreek seed peroxidase in the buffer of pH 4.0 at 40°C for 2.5 h. The oxidation of methyl parathion by peroxidase was quite effective in batch process, 71% the compound was removed in 7.5 h. The absorption spectra of treated methyl parathion exhibited a marked difference in the absorbance at different wavelengths as compared to untreated compound. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.

Antihyperglycaemic effect of an unusual amino acid (4-hydroxyisoleucine) in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice

The present report confirms the anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-dyslipidemic properties of 4-hydroxyisoleucine, an unusual amino acid isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, for the first time in a well-characterised model of type II diabetes, i.e. db/db mice. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, when given orally to these mice at 50 mg kg−1 dose level, significantly (p < 0.05) declined their elevated blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and raised their declined plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. These results indicate that 4-hydroxyisoleucine exhibits significant potential as an anti-diabetic agent by suppressing progression of type II diabetic states that is suggested by enhancement of insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in peripheral tissue.

ISOLATION OF SOME ACTIVE MATERIALS FROMTrigonella foenum – graecum SEEDS AND STUDY THEIR BIOLOGICALACTIVITY

This study includes isolation of some materials from Trigoella foenum-graecum seeds and estimation of their percentage like Saponins , Volatils Oils , Glycosides , Alkaloids and proteins . The antibacterial activity study was performed for the active materials which isolated from Trigoella foenum-graecum seeds against four genus of pathogenic bacteria by using Agar–well diffusion method . It appeared from this study that all of the isolated active materials have inhibitory effect on the bacteria were used . The study also includes separation of free fatty acids from Oils of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds estimation of fatty acids percentage by using gas chromatography techniques . Amino acids were separated from Trigoella foenum-graecum seeds by Thin Layer Chromatography ( T.L.C. ) . The study also included the determination of metals in Trigoella foenum-graecum seeds, by using the Atomic Absorption techniques as Mg , Fe , Zn , Co , Al , Cu , Se , Ni and Mn , While the determination of the metals which found in considerable amounts by using Flame Photometer technique like Ca , Na , Li and Ba

Effects of sodium-orthovanadate and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds on hepatic and renal lipogenic enzymes and lipid profile during alloxan diabetes.

Sodium-orthovanadate (SOV) and seed powder of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. (common name: fenugreek, family: Fabaceae) (TSP) besides being potential hypoglycemic agents have also been shown to ameliorate altered lipid metabolism during diabetes. This study evaluates the short-term effect of oral administration of SOV and TSP separately and in concert (for 21 days) on total lipid profile and lipogenic enzymes in tissues of alloxan diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed 4-fold increase in blood glucose. The level of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood serum increased significantly during diabetes. During diabetes the level of total lipids increased significantly (P < 0.001) in liver and in kidney by 48% and 55%, respectively, compared to control. Triglycerides level increased by 32% (P < 0.01) in liver and by 51% (P < 0.005) in kidney, respectively, compared to control. Total cholesterol level also increased significantly in both liver and kidney (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). The activities of NADP-linked enzymes; namely glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malic enzyme (ME), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and the activities of lipogenic enzymes namely ATP-citrate lyase (ATP-CL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were decreased significantly in liver and increased in kidney during diabetes as compared to control. SOV and TSP administration to diabetic animals prevented the development of hyperglycemia and alteration in lipid profile in plasma and tissues and maintained it near normal. Maximum prevention was observed in the combined treatment with lower dose of SOV (0.2%) after 21 days. We are presenting for the first time effectiveness of combined treatment of SOV and TSP in amelioration of altered lipid metabolism during experimental type-I diabetes.

Characterization of the Hypoglycemic Effects ofTrigonella foenum graecumSeed

The whole powder of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds and its extracts were tested for their hypoglycemic effect on normal and diabetic model rats. The powder, its methanol extract, and the residue remaining after methanol extraction had significant hypoglycemic effects when fed simultaneously with glucose. The water extract of the methanol extractive-free residue of the seed powder showed significant hypoglycemic activity at different prandial states. The Soluble Dietary Fibre (SDF) fraction showed no effect on the fasting blood glucose levels of nondiabetic or NIDDM model rats. However, when fed simultaneously with glucose, it showed a significant hypoglycemic effect (p < 0.05) in NIDDM model rats. Chemical analysis showed that the major constituent of the SDF is a galactomannan. The results confirm the involvement of SDF in the hypoglycemic effect of T. foenum graecum seeds. However, compound(s) other than SDF is (are) also involved in the hypoglycemic activity.

Two furostanol saponins from Trigonella foenum-graecum

Two new furostanol glycosides, trigofoenosides B and C, have been isolated from the Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds as their methyl ethers, B-1 and C-1 respectively. Their structures have been determined as (25S)-22-O-methyl-5α-furostane-2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-d-glucopyranoside 26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (B-1) and (25R)-22-O-methyl-5α-furostane 2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 4)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside 26-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (C-1).

Furostanol glycosides from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds

Two new furostanol glycosides trigofoenosides A and D have been isolated from the Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds as their methyl ethers, A-1 and D-1. Their structures have been determined as (25 S)-22- O-methyl-furost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3- O-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-β- D-glucopyranoside; 26- O-β- D-glucopyranoside (A-1) and (25 S)-22- O-methyl-furost-5-ene-3β,26-diol, 3- O-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-[β- D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)]-β- D-glucopyranoside; 26- O-β- D-glucopyranoside (D-1).