Focus Group Discussion Approach Research Articles

Gender Stereotypes and Bias in Nursing: A Qualitative Study in Tanzania.

(1) The question addressed in this study is what kinds of stereotypes and biases of gender in nursing exist in Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate gender stereotypes and bias among healthcare providers and non-healthcare providers. (2) Methods: Qualitative descriptive design and data were collected from the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania through a Focus Group Discussion approach. The qualitative content analysis was used to obtain themes the following themes. (3) Results: Three themes and eighteen subthemes emerged from this study. The first theme is role distribution based on nurse gender, its impact, and mitigating approaches for biased role distribution; the second theme is the different ways of addressing challenges in gender in nursing diversity; and the third theme is gender in nursing biases at the training institutions. (4) Conclusions: The bias and stereotypes about gender in nursing still exist in clinical areas and training institutions. Exercising professionalism in both settings remains a vital aspect of reducing bias. Moreover, role distribution should not be dominated by social roles of men and women in the community but rather should be based on competence and individual abilities.

Breaking invisible walls: American Corners' programmes and strategies for strengthening interreligious dialogue and inclusive peace

The main agenda of this study is to explore the various programmes and strategies of American Corners in Mindanao to amplify interreligious dialogue and peacebuilding within their communities. The researchers utilized the virtual focus group discussion approach, and the data collected was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase reflexive thematic analysis model. The researchers uncovered the creative efforts of each American Corner, integrating themes of interreligious dialogue, peace, mental health and animal welfare. The communities’ evolving needs greatly influence programming, with strong partnerships and immersive learning sessions cited as key programme highlights among the American Corners. However, poor infrastructure – particularly poor Internet access and power interruptions – poses significant challenges, prompting a focus on in-person over hybrid and virtual events. The recommendations include improving information accessibility and dissemination, fostering strategic partnerships, and deepening community engagement to sustain peace efforts in Mindanao.

The Application of Humanistic Existential Group Guidance With Meditation Techniques To Students of XI IPA 5 SMA Negeri Colomadu In The Academic Year 2021/2022.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the application of humanistic existential group guidance with meditation techniques to students of XI IPA 5 SMA Negeri Colomadu in the academic year 2021/2022. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with focus group discussion approach (group discussion). Sources of data from this study are students who have the potential to experience feelings of worthlessness, principals, BK teachers. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity technique used is technical triangulation and source triangulation. The data analysis technique used is pattern matching, in this study there were 8 (eight) subjects who had the potential to experience feelings of worthlessness. The object of this research is a humanistic existential group guidance service with meditation techniques. To prevent feelings of worthlessness in XI IPA 5 SMA Negeri Colomadu in the academic year 2021/2022. Based on data collection conducted through Focus Group Discussion, there were 8 students who had the potential to experience feelings of worthlessness. Group discussion was conducted 3 (three) times. After the group discussion was conducted, it was found that humanistic existential group guidance with appropriate meditation techniques was applied to prevent feelings of worthlessness. This is indicated by the understanding of students' thinking which has begun to open more widely in responding to the characteristics of feelings of worthlessness. Keywords : Group Guidance, Existential, Humanistic, Meditation, Feeling Worthless, Emotion, Personal, Social

Establishing a Sustainable Shariah-Compliant Hospital in Malaysia: Exploring the Pertinent Concept

Malaysia has been a member of the Organization of Islamic Countries since 1969, and Islam is recognized as the federal religion in the country. The growing awareness of practicing Islam as a way of life among Muslims worldwide has significantly impacted the concept of hospitality services in the healthcare industry and tourism in Malaysia. As a result, there is an emergence of Shariah-compliant hospitals in the country to cater to the demand of Muslim consumers. However, the establishment of these hospitals lacks proper guidelines, leading to the need for developing standardized and regulated Islamic medical ethics and Shariah-compliant hospitals. This is crucial to ensure proper adherence to Islamic principles, especially in addressing concerns of the Muslim public and religious scholars regarding justified Islamic practices in medical treatment. To address this need, this study aimed to explore the elements or standards required in establishing Shariah-compliant hospitals (SCH). The study adopted a focus group discussion approach with 9 representatives selected through purposive sampling. Participants included hospital administrators, doctors, nurses, policymakers, academics, and representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Thematic analysis of the discussions revealed eight critical elements to consider when planning a sustainable Shariah-compliant hospital. These elements include ibadah-friendly infrastructure, Islamic medical ethics, Shariah compliance prescription, spiritual care support, Islamic medical service competencies, a conducive Islamic environment, affordability and accessibility, and an Islamic work culture. These findings serve as a foundation for future research aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for the establishment of standards for Shariah-compliant hospitals.
 Keywords: Shariah-compliant, hospital, concept

Mental Health Nurses’ Perceptions of Providing Pharmaceutical Care in Saudi Arabia

Working with medication is an important role of mental health nurses. However, little attention has focused on these nurses’ perspectives on where the responsibility of nurses for safe, competent medication management of their patients rests. The aim of this current study was to investigate psychiatric mental health nurses’ perspectives on their role in pharmaceutical care (PC). This study used a qualitative exploratory focus group discussion approach with nine experienced psychiatric mental health nurses. Inductive data were gathered using open-ended probes and theoretical sampling and were analyzed to yield themes and subthemes. Principal themes and subthemes emerged from the data analyzed. These themes illuminated nurses’ experiences with respect to the use of pharmaceutical medication in the mental health setting, including (a) nurses’ responsibilities for psychiatric pharmaceutical medications, (b) work experiences in multi-disciplinary teams, (c) nurses’ knowledge and education regarding medication, and (d) struggles faced by Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurses. Nurses involved in pharmaceutical care need additional education, training, interprofessional collaboration, and clearly codified parameters to guide their professional practice in this aspect of care.

An Investigation into NAFDAC Intervention on the Incidence of Fake and Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria

Various interventions, including innovative technologies, have been used to solve problems. Over the years, the Nigerian government has introduced a good healthcare delivery system, including providing quality, efficacious and affordable drugs. The study used a qualitative design method adopting a focus group discussion approach. The selected states for the study are Lagos, Kano, Anambra and FCT Abuja. The study population comprised NAFDAC stakeholders who are dealers in pharmaceutical products or Marketing Authorization Holders (MAHs) of medicines, Consumers and Policymakers. The focus group participants were selected based on convenience sampling. The interventions highlighted were Mobile Authentication Services (MAS), on-the-spot checks on drugs through a TruScan, Black-Eye and Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID). The respondents also highlighted using NAFDAC registration numbers and holograms as important ways of checking the features of medicine before using it. The participants also highlighted the lack of public awareness about these interventions and the need for proper regulation and enforcement of laws against the sale and distribution of fake drugs as challenges that hinder the successful development and implementation of interventions against fake and counterfeit drugs. The participants suggested KYC measures to address issues within the supply chain to evaluate the effectiveness of their current strategies. Regular meetings, advocacy efforts, and educational workshops are recommended to raise awareness and educate stakeholders about their roles and responsibilities in pursuit of addressing the challenges related to counterfeit drug interventions. Keywords: Focus group discussion (FGD), Investigation, Intervention, Counterfeit, Technology.

Perspective of healthcare providers on assessing the quality and accessibility of health services for chronic diseases in Jordan during Covid-19: a mixed method study

BackgroundHospital services in all parts of the world were severely affected by the crisis caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. This was particularly concerning for patients who suffer from chronic diseases. Aim: This study aimed to: assess the level of quality and accessibility of chronic disease services from the perspectives of healthcare providers, assess the association between healthcare providers’ socio-demographic factors and their perspectives on accessibility and quality level, and explore the providers’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators of quality and accessibility to chronic disease health services during the COVID -19 pandemic.MethodDesign: An explanatory mixed method design was employed in this study using a questionnaire and focus group discussion approach. The questionnaire consisted of three sections including, demographic, accessibility, and quality. Sample: A convenience sampling approach was used to collect the quantitative from 412 healthcare providers working at public, private, and teaching hospitals. A purposive sample of 12 healthcare providers were interviewed to collect the qualitative data. Analysis: The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Version 25. The qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic analysis approach.ResultsThis study found that the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services in northern Jordan were affected during COVID-19. Quantitative: The majority of the participants reported moderate level of accessibility and quality. Qualitative: Four main and six subthemes were identified: 1) Accessibility barriers including transportation and fear of infection; 2) Accessibility facilitators including availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Covid-19 vaccination; 3) Quality barriers including staff shortage; 4) Quality facilitators including safety protocol.ConclusionThe quality and accessibility of chronic disease services were affected due to the healthcare system restating to address the Covid-19 pandemic. Different barriers and facilitators for chronic disease healthcare services accessibility and quality were identified. The findings of this study lay the ground for healthcare decision and policymakers to develop strategies and formulate polices to ensure these patients receive the needed healthcare services, and hence improve their health outcomes.

Technological Solutions for Digital Identity

Digital transformation of enterprises is driving the need for a digital identity to recognize people for delivering services. The implementation of digital identity is complex, requiring several technological solutions and much coordination. Capturing and processing data is challenging because biometric issues may arise due to imaging errors. This article addresses this issue and proposes a computer vision-based framework for contactless recognition process using a focus group discussion approach for inputs from experts. The proposed framework enhances image capturing process, extraction of high-quality features from captured images, image processing, contactless face detection, and authentication. The study also derives lessons for other biometric-based identity projects based on image analysis. The proposed framework can be used as a reference for understanding multidimensional perspectives, scalability, and adoption of technological solutions in other similar projects in developing countries in future.

Building a Coffee Agribusiness Development Strategy in Rural Area: Focus Group Discussion Approach to the Coffee Farmers

Agribusiness had a big role in development of agricultural economy transformation to create community prosperity. This research aimed to identify problem and organize coffee agribusiness strategy development in rural area. We study about this case in a rural area with a good potential in Sulawesi Island. We use deep focus discussion approach to the chosen farmers and then we accompanied and observed them for two years. We have finished the preliminary research to build information on village comparative advantage through village potential spatial base as one of approaches in strengthening agribusiness commodity development strategies. In this article, we concluded that agribusiness strategy development of coffee that started from institutional strengthening of coffee farmers, made the corporation base group would be the main buffering power of farmers to strengthen their position in the agribusiness system. By using corporation, the strengthening of farmers was conducted not only in production sector but also in business sector, how to build a strong business network. Strong corporate bargaining position in business chain would stimulate inclusive business. Good inclusive business for farmers when they created a good quality of coffee product therefore it could the stability of market price. The role of government through the regulation strengthening was needed to keep the stability of the inclusive agribusiness system.

HOW DO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MEDAN CITY UNDERSTAND AND IMPLEMENT DIGITAL DETOXIFICATION?

This study examines the pattern of using digital devices and efforts to implement detoxification among high school students. This study aims to obtain in-depth information on how high school students carry out digital detoxification efforts to reduce the impact of addiction. This type of research is qualitative with a case study method on the senior high school in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. This study uses a focus group discussion approach to obtain information from research informants. The informants comprised 14 students from 6 senior high schools and vocational high schools in Medan City. In this research, students take digital detoxification steps to minimize the negative impact of using digital devices. High school students use digital detoxification to neutralize their addiction to digital media daily. Things to do to detoxify digitally are learning to manage time when using digital devices, limiting internet access, implementing healthy lifestyles such as exercising or socializing, and following a social media detox.

OP51 Improving Childhood Cancer Management And Financing In Ghana: Results From Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis

IntroductionCoverage of childhood cancer treatment under the Ghanaian National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has been a policy discussion recently. To improve priority setting, Ghana introduced and used health technology assessment (HTA) processes to guide the resource allocation. To understand the role of stakeholders throughout the HTA lifecycle and for this decision, a stakeholder mapping and engagement was undertaken. We share our results of this mapping and analysis for improving management and financing of childhood cancers in Ghana.MethodsWe used two main approaches; first, we undertook a systematic policy documents and literature review of stakeholders relevant in childhood cancer management and financing in Ghana. This was followed by a stakeholder engagement workshop of key stakeholders from the Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service (GHS), National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA), academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private sector, teaching hospitals, patient groups, and civil society organizations. Participation was done in-person and virtual. Questions were moderated using a focus group discussion approach where responses were recorded. Data were analysed using synthesis and development of themes. Mapping of stakeholders was done using Mendelow’s power-interest grid.ResultsThe mapping identified eight key stakeholders in different roles: policy makers (Ministry of Health), payer (NHIA), healthcare providers (teaching hospitals, GHS, private hospitals), pharmaceutical companies, patient group (Ghana Parents Association for Childhood Cancers), and advocacy group (NGOs). Analysis showed that power and interest are concentrated with Ministry of Health and NHIA primarily because of control over resources. Also, while healthcare providers, patient groups, and advocacy groups have high interest, their power ranges from low to moderate. Further analysis of data from the workshop revealed that inability to pay for high cost of treatment leads to treatment abandonment. Payment for treatment was mainly out-of-pocket and by donation from philanthropist.ConclusionsThere was a strong will from stakeholders to extend coverage of the NHIS to childhood cancers in Ghana. Stakeholder engagement is a powerful tool and should be an integral part of every HTA process.

"Because This Is an Evidence-Based Program": The Learning Experience of Croatia with the Lions Quest Skills for Adolescence, Implemented In-Person and Online.

Background: The Lions Quest Skills for Adolescence (LQSFA) is an evidence-based social and emotional learning program for school students. It is implemented as a teacher-led extracurricular activity for children aged 10-15 years. From 2019 to 2022, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in collaboration with Lions Clubs International Foundation, implemented the LQSFA in 41 schools in Croatia. Due to the COVID-19 lockdown measures, the intervention was adjusted into a hybrid modality (in-class and online). We evaluated the experience that the teachers had with the LQSFA in a hybrid modality. Methods: We used a focus-group discussion approach to evaluate the experience of five LQSFA teachers. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) the appreciation of evidence-based programs by the teachers, (2) the benefit of the LQSFA on the parents, and (3) the length of the online version of the questionnaire tool that was used to assess pre- and post-LQSFA experiences among students was too long. These results indicate that the LQSFA is undergoing a scaling on a national level in Croatia, even when implemented in a hybrid setting. Conclusions: Using an evidence-based program such as the LQSFA was rewarding for teachers, despite the challenges in the administrative adjustments regarding the online and in-person class teaching. LQSFA filled an important gap during COVID19-related stress.

Integration of Variable Renewable Energy, Electric Vehicle, and Smart Microgrid in ASEAN: A Focus Group Discussion Approach

Southeast Asia is expecting rapid growth in energy and vehicle demand. Variable renewable energy such as solar and wind have high potential in the region. ASEAN aims to increase the renewable energy share in power capacity to 35% 2025. The increase in renewable energy share can drive a shift in the current energy management system. The adoption of electric vehicles can bridge the link between the energy and vehicle sectors towards a green transformation. Electric vehicles that are powered by electricity from renewable sources creates demand by consuming energy from the grid, but it can also serve as battery storage that can discharge energy back to the grid if needed. It is known that the intermittent nature and high penetration of variable renewable energy can lead to power instability. However, microgrids can be designed and incorporated with electric vehicles and variable renewable energy deployments to enhance the reliability and stability of the power system. The engagement with key stakeholders related to the deployment of the platform for the use of these three technologies is crucial to gain better insight on the market status, including the current and future price and penetration trends, and deployment opportunities and barriers. A focus group discussion involving related stakeholders on the aspects of policies and targets, technology readiness, and implementation strategies, was thus conducted. The results showed that there have been concrete policies on the renewable energy installation targets among the countries. Electric vehicles penetration is also an existing priority with different countries having varying targets for the electric vehicle fleets and charging stations. However, for microgrids, it was found that there is less information on their deployment and application. As such, more detailed technical and economic assessment following its potential connection to current grid with other features including variable renewable energy and electric vehicles, as well as the available smart features in optimising power scheduling, should be carried out.

Urban Planning Framework Strategies for Environmental and Wildlife Protection in the Southwestern Regions of Saudi Arabia: Focus Group Discussion Approach

Urban Planning Framework Strategies for Environmental and Wildlife Protection in the Southwestern Regions of Saudi Arabia: Focus Group Discussion Approach

Enhancing graduates’ employability through polytechnic–industry collaboration

The unemployability of many Nigerian graduates is somewhat attributable to the existing wide collaboration gap between Nigerian higher education institutions and industry. Against this backdrop, this study explores how Nigerian polytechnics and industry can collaborate to enhance graduates’ employability. Adopting a focus group discussion approach, three focus groups involving 20 people (eight polytechnic lecturers, six National Board for Technical Education officials and six industry executives) participated in the study. Content analysis of the focus group discussions revealed the need to involve industry experts in curriculum development and review to meet today’s job requirements in industry. The need to involve industry experts in teaching certain aspects of the curriculum was also highlighted. The findings further revealed the desirability of exposing students and lecturers to industrial work situations to equip them with workplace skills and experience. Additionally, the study found that a comprehensive collaboration policy framework, funding, commitment, mutual benefits and trust are required to achieve successful polytechnic–industry collaboration. This research demonstrates that effective collaboration between polytechnics and industry will help to improve the employability of graduates. The findings provide policy and practical implications for polytechnics, regulatory bodies, industry and government.

PERSEPSI SISWA SMK AZ ZAHRA MLONGGO JEPARA TENTANG ASPEK PORNOGRAFI DALAM FILM DILAN 1991

The film Dilan 1991 is a sequel to the previous film Dilan 1990 with the highest number of viewers in 2019. This teen romance drama genre film was adopted from the novel entitled Dilan: Dia is Dilanku in 1991 by Pidi Baiq. This romance nuanced film makes pornographic elements very thick in it. This study was conducted to find out how the students of SMK Az Zahra Mlonggo's perception of the pornographic aspect of the 1991 film Dilan. This study used a qualitative method with a focus group discussion approach. Then analyzed using content analysis method. The data validity technique was carried out using a source triangulation technique with attribution theory by Fritz Haider. From the results of student perceptions, it shows that there are pornographic aspects in the 1991 film Dilan including action porn, sound porn and pornography. Student perceptions are divided into two, namely positive perceptions and negative perceptions. Positive perception is a natural, normal, and mediocre thing because it is influenced by association, knowledge, insight, needs, pleasures and student habits. Negative perception, an impression is not good because students judge from a religious point of view

Edukasi Bounding Attachment dalam Upaya Menciptakan Hubungan Ibu dan Anak setelah Melahirkan

The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey results in 2017 showed that the MMR was 305/100,000 births and the IMR in Indonesia was 24/100,000 live births. One way to overcome MMR and IMR is to implement bounding attachments. There are various ways to do bounding attachments, including Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. The achievement of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Working Area of ​​the Air Cold Health Center is 66.5%, still far from the government's target of 80%. Independent Practice Midwife Silvia Nova Sari is one of the PMBs in the working area of ​​the Air Cold Health Center, Balai Gadang Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Based on interviews with breastfeeding mothers at PMB Silvia Nova Sari, it was found that most mothers did not know about bounding attachments and how to create them. Likewise with PMB owners, that as health workers, not all mothers get bounding attachment education to pregnant women. Activities carried out include health promotion by providing information and education to pregnant women and their families with a Focus Group Discussion approach on creating bounding attachments between mothers and babies, which was held on 30 September-1 October 2020. Each stage was attended by five pregnant women with due observance of health protocols. The result of bounding attachment education for pregnant women is that almost all mothers experience an increase in knowledge about bounding attachment, seen from the questionnaire results given before and after education.

Optimization of Management of BUMDes: The Case in East Java Province

This study aimed to describe the use of village assets in increasing the village's original income through BUMDes in Ketapanrame Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. This research type is qualitative research using a three-stage approach, namely the first stage with a community-based research approach. Second Stage In-depth Interview. The third stage of the Focus Group Discussion approach. The study results indicate that the management of Village-Owned Enterprises located in Ketapanrame Village, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, follows existing village regulations starting from the underlying legal basis, the articles of association and bylaws compiled, as well as the organizational structure. BUMDes in Ketapanrame village, East Java province, have been well managed, so that to date, they have five business units, namely, Drinking Water Management Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, Land and Cage Management Unit, Tourism Unit and Savings and Loans Business Unit and Partnership.

The estimation of test item difficulty using focus group discussion approach on the semantic differential scale

The estimation of test item difficulty using focus group discussion approach on the semantic differential scale

International expert consensus guidance on indications, implementation and quality measures for transanal total mesorectal excision.

To provide dynamic guidance from a rigorous and up-to-date consensus on the safe implementation and application of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) from an international panel of expert surgeons and educationalists supported by 14 international surgical societies. An adapted Delphi method and focus group discussion approach was implemented for this consensus process, with expert advice from a guidelines methodologist. Statements were generated focusing on three main topics relating to the safe implementation of TaTME: (1) indications, (2) quality and outcome measures, (3) training and implementation of TaTME. Five rounds of the Delphi consensus process were completed over a 13-month period. A total of 56 surgeons experienced in TaTME and surgical education participated in this project. By Delphi round four, 80.0% or greater agreement was reached for all statements except for two, which were further reviewed during a fifth round. More complex cases that are likely to benefit from TaTME were identified, with the recommendation that they should be referred to TaTME expert centres. The most agreed upon definition of expert centres is outlined. We have provided a current framework of best practice related to implementation of TaTME. The statements are not indefinite and will continue to be 'dynamic' and updated as new evidence emerges.