Focus Group Data Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument: evidence from mainland China.

Regarding the assessment of family functioning in Chinese people, there are several research gaps. First, although there are some instruments in the field, there are very few validated instruments. Second, while some translated measures have been developed, there are very few assessment tools based on indigenous Chinese concepts. Third, compared to Hong Kong, research on family assessment is relatively inactive in mainland China. Fourth, there are very few family assessment tools to assess perceived family functioning in older children and early adolescents. Fifth, few studies used large samples to validate family assessment tools. Sixth, researchers seldom utilized longitudinal data to examine the psychometric properties of family assessment tools. Finally, few studies have examined factorial validity across samples and time to demonstrate the stability of Chinese family assessment measures. In Hong Kong, based on focus group data (i.e., indigenous concepts of family functioning) and an integration with the family science literature, we have developed the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI) to assess perceived family functioning according to the perception of adolescents. Results showed that the C-FAI possessed good reliability and validity. Specifically, five dimensions of the measure (mutuality, communication, conflict, parental concern and parental control) were supported via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity and reliability of the C-FAI were illustrated. To understand the psychometric properties of the C-FAI in mainland China, we collected three waves of data from students in the period of preadolescence and early adolescence in mainland China (N = 3,732). Based on the data, we examined the psychometric properties of the measure, particularly factor invariance in different samples and at different times. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the five dimensions in C-FAI, including factorial invariance in terms of configuration, factor loading, intercepts, and over time. There was evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity of the measure. Finally, reliability analyses showed that the total C-FAI scale and its subscales are internally consistent. The present findings suggest that family researchers and practitioners can use the C-FAI to objectively assess perceived family functioning in preadolescence and early adolescence in different Chinese communities.

Investigating the inclusiveness of the usipa value chain in Malawi

Value chain research increasingly seeks to assess the inclusiveness of value chains to better understand how to promote equitable and pro-poor development. This trend is especially relevant for small-scale fisheries value chains, which provide livelihoods, food security, and a social safety net for rural poor in many countries. Despite recent efforts to assess value chain inclusiveness, substantial knowledge gaps persist in small-scale fisheries value chains with respect to distribution of and access to benefits within and across different value chain nodes, particularly in the midstream (e.g. traders and processors). This study addresses this important research gap by utilizing an access mapping approach concerned with the distribution of benefits along the value chain for usipa (Engraulicypris sardella) in Malawi. Using a mixed methods approach, this analysis utilizes quantitative survey data (n = 929) at various nodes of the usipa value chain (fishers, processors, wholesalers, retailers), as well as qualitative focus group data (n = 60) and key informant interviews (n = 6), all collected in 2019. In line with the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm, this study identifies value chain actors’ roles (structure), analyzes processes (conduct), and assesses the distribution of and access to income and in-kind benefits for different actors both within and across value chain nodes (performance). We calculate net income (revenues – expenses) for individual actors in each node of the value chain and find that (a) access to and distribution of income benefits from usipa vary substantially at group and individual levels; and (b) actors’ net income from the usipa value chain is negatively affected by unequal power distribution, price volatility and trade institutions, inadequate market infrastructure, social relations, and gender dynamics. This study advances approaches to study value chain inclusiveness, emphasizing the need to attend to variation and drivers acting at multiple scales, ranging from whole value chain structure to individual traders.

Understanding elite rugby league players’ experience of collision, effective contact coaching techniques, and player contact psychology: A focus group study

ABSTRACT The current study performed a series of online focus groups to understand elite rugby league players’ experiences of collision. Eighteen rugby league players comprising different playing positions from four teams were recruited to participate in a series of online focus groups, via the Microsoft Team’s platform, facilitated by a moderator. Players were competing in Europe’s elite rugby league competition, the European Super League (ESL), during the 2021 season. All focus group data were transcribed, coded and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis guide to ensure robust exploring, interpreting and reporting through pattern-based analysis. The findings are split into five key themes: 1) the three-man tackle – the perceived optimal defensive strategy with simultaneous contact, 2) not all collisions are the same; matchplay events change the collision intensity, 3) bracing and blindsiding – two factors that influence experiences of collision and concussion, 4) coaching philosophies and orientations, 5) psychological readiness for collision. Collision sports have an inherent risk of injury; however, in some players’ subjective experiences, there are collision types that have a greater association with risk or intensity (blind-sided collisions or long closing distances). It is essential that future research comprehends the effects of these collision types and the further themes.

Te Ōranga Ō Te Roro: kaumātua perspectives on the development of a mobile app for mate wareware (dementia) awareness.

Mate wareware (dementia) presents a significant social and economic burden for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. Previous literature has highlighted the need to improve health literacy for Māori regarding the causes and management of mate wareware, yet there is a lack of Māori-centred educational resources. It was determined that a mobile phone application (app) could meet this need and that early consultation with Māori was required to ensure the digital solution would be culturally safe and relevant. This study explored the perspectives of kaumātua (Māori elders) regarding how to cater the mate wareware mobile app to Māori. Through a qualitative approach based on Kaupapa Māori principles, two focus groups were held with 15 kaumātua. Focus group data were thematically analysed. The analysis identified four themes related to the content of the proposed app and its design features. "Information about mate wareware" and "Caregiver support" were prominent themes that kaumātua prioritised for inclusion in the proposed app. To ensure uptake, kaumātua emphasised that the "Access" and "Appeal" of the proposed app should be considered. The findings have informed the design of the Mate Wareware app and should be considered when developing other digital health interventions for Māori.

Developing Training for MyChart Use for Older Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

AbstractBackgroundMyChart, a mechanism for sharing personal health information and communication among patients and healthcare providers is well received but underutilized by older adults, especially those with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Difficulty using or accessing technology coupled with rapid changes in portals may negatively impact a patient’s ability to effectively manage their health concerns. We report the initial phase of a study in older adults using focus groups to 1) determine the nature of user difficulties and knowledge gaps, and explore the preferred training methods (in person, virtual, manual), 2) develop a MyChart training module based on focus group data, and 3) assess the feasibility of providing training to improve MyChart use amongst older adults with MCI.MethodWe conducted three focus groups with older adults with MCI. Groups were held from August‐November 2022 and consisted of 15 participants both familiar and unfamiliar with MyChart. Focus groups were conducted virtually, and participants were asked open ended questions regarding user difficulties, knowledge gaps, and preferred training methods. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Focus groups continued until saturation was reached.ResultWe approached 84 ADRC participants to get 15 needed to reach saturation. 1) Technology and Health: participants acknowledged technology could be used positively to control health 2) MyChart: participants reported positive view of MyChart as a way to communicate with doctors and manage medical information 3) Difficulty with MyChart: participants stated there was no clear way to get help if needed to make appointments or find medical information 4) Learning technology: participants reported a preference for verbal teaching methods such as a video (over solely manualized teaching) that could be slowed down and stressed the importance of repetition of information.ConclusionThe use of direct patient feedback was positive in that we discovered that older adults with MCI are open to use MyChart to monitor their health but have clear preferences on how to learn and get support with the technology.

Co-designing a nature-based intervention to promote postnatal mental health for mothers and their infants: a complex intervention development study in England

ObjectivesThere is burgeoning evidence for the potential of nature-based interventions to improve wellbeing. However, the role of nature in enhancing maternal mental health, child development and early relationships remains relatively...

Abstract A020: Examining the dietary patterns & quality of life among Latina breast and gynecologic cancer survivors in Avanzado Juntas

Abstract Purpose: Cancer survivor guidelines encourage plant-based eating patterns to improve diet quality. Studies examining diet and cancer survivorship among Latina/Hispanic cancer survivors (BGCS) are limited, and few intervention efforts have targeted this historically underserved community. Avanzado Juntas (AJ) was developed with and for Latina/Hispanic breast and gynecologic cancer (BGSC) survivors to promote weight loss, improve diet quality, and increase physical activity. These analyses describe pre and post-intervention dietary intake quality among AJ participants. Methods: The 16-week AJ intervention was adapted from the evidence-based Moving Forward intervention for African American breast cancer survivors leveraging focus group data and collaborating with our Community Advisory Board (previously presented). AJ was then pilot tested in a randomized trial with 35 Latina/Hispanic BGCS. To be eligible, women had to have a BMI > 25 kg/m2, be diagnosed with non-metastatic breast or gynecologic cancer, and have completed treatment (except hormonal). Participants completed surveys, ASA 24-hour diet recall (x2), and a physical assessment at baseline and post-intervention. Women were then randomized to an interventionist (IG) or self-guided (SG) arm. Both groups received a program workbook. The IG group also received in-person education/supervised exercise classes, cooking classes, and text messaging. Diet quality was scored using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Scores were compared within and between groups using the Wilcoxon rank sign test with a non-parametric analysis of differences. Notably, the AJ pilot began just as the COVID-19 pandemic began, paused, and then was restarted with safety measures in place. Results: Following the AJ intervention, the IG group reported increased greens and beans (p=.01), higher total protein (p=.008), and reduced added sugars (p=.04) consumption compared to the SG group. Within IG, significant improvements were observed for total vegetables (p=.03), greens and beans (p=.002), and refined grains (p=.03); total HEI Score approached significance (p=.07) . Conversely, in the SG group, significant increases in refined grains (p=.03) )and added sugar consumption (p=.04) was observed post-intervention. Conclusion: These differences suggest the efficacy of the guided intervention relative to the self-guided intervention. Results are of particular interest given the timing during the Pandemic and reflect the concerted effort of participants to purchase and prepare healthy foods. AJ is an example of how culturally relevant interventions and tools can promote diet quality improvements. Future efforts will examine adherence to cancer survivors guidelines and consider ways to integrate this type of programming within existing community resources. . Citation Format: Sandra I. Contreras, Marina Feffer, AnaKaren Manriquez Prado, Alexis Visotcky, Sailaja Kamaraju, Staci Young, Patricia Sheean, Melinda Stolley. Examining the dietary patterns & quality of life among Latina breast and gynecologic cancer survivors in Avanzado Juntas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A020.

Responsibility, social aspirations, and contemporary low fertility: a case study of rural West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT West Bengal, a middle-ranking Indian state in terms of development indicators with more than two-thirds rural population, is on the verge of becoming a lowest low fertility zone. While the rural TFR (Total Fertility Rate) of West Bengal (1.6 births/woman) is on par with many developed countries (Norway, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, etc.), its developmental stage is not—which poses a paradox. Using data from a primary survey of 405 mothers aged 15–35 years alongside focus group data of parents, the present study employs a society-specific approach to explain contemporary low fertility in rural West Bengal. We argue that the presence of high aspirations for children in an economically insecure setting initiates a distinctive sense of parental responsibility that generates a unique local socio-ecology of low fertility not previously observed in the context of rural fertility decline in India. Responsibility-laden aspirations toward children and reasoned-rational deliberations regarding fertility outcomes act as subliminal motives to have a small family, challenging common assumptions regarding the relationship between economic hardship, rurality, and fertility.

Labs, Field Trips and Tours during ERT

Student and lecturer insights gained on the pedagogical practices used during Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) for laboratory, field trip and tour practices, should be used to inform and improve in-person and online higher education programs for the traditionally practical-based courses of agriculture, horticulture and food. Qualitative lecturer focus group data was thematically analyzed and used to develop the online student survey. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in mid-2021 from the online survey of students. Survey qualitative data was thematically analysed and used to validate and expand on the quantitative data descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that agricultural classes with practical components can be transitioned to deliver some material online to provide additional benefits that enhance the practical components, adds to existing material, and provides benefits in the understanding of that material for students. To transition these components well requires time, funding and online pedagogy professional development to be successful.

Preferred Communication Strategies for People with Communication Disabilities in Health Care Encounters: a Qualitative Study.

People with communication disabilities (CDs), which includes disabilities in speech, language, voice and/or hearing, experience health and healthcare disparities. A barrier to accessing high-quality, equitable care is the lack of effective communication between patients and their providers. In designing a patient-prompted tool to facilitate communication, we analyzed qualitative feedback on communication strategies and the experience of people with CDs, caregivers, and providers in healthcare encounters. We aimed to describe communication strategies that patients with CDs find most useful and optimize a tool for patients to share their communication strategy preferences during clinical encounters. While patient-provider communication is paramount in every interaction, we aimed to highlight the intricacies of optimizing communication for this population. We performed a qualitative study utilizing focus groups and interviews with patients with CDs, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. A total of 46 individuals participated in focus groups or interviews; 26 participants self-reported a CD, nine were caregivers, and 11 were providers. Participants represented diverse types of CDs, including stuttering, aphasia, hearing loss, and people with autism or cerebral palsy who use assistive technology to communicate. Analysis of qualitative interview and focus group data was guided by a qualitative content analysis approach. We identified three themes: (1) While communication strategies should be individualized, participants agreed upon a consolidated list of best strategies and accommodations. We used this consolidated list to finalize tool development. (2) Patients and providers preferred disclosure of the CD and desired communication strategies before the appointment. (3) Providers often do not use communication strategies and accommodations during clinical encounters. For patients with CDs, it is critical to acknowledge and document the CD and individualize communication strategies during healthcare visits to facilitate communication. Studies are needed to evaluate whether improved communication strategy usage leads to improved health outcomes for this population.

The Social Contagion Potential of Pro-Vaccine Messages on Black Twitter

ABSTRACT Black Americans in the US not only suffered from disproportionately high hospitalization and death rates throughout the pandemic but also from the consequences of low COVID-19 vaccination rates. This pattern of disparity is linked to distrust of public health systems that originates from a history of medical atrocities committed against Black people. For that reason, mitigation of race-based inequity in COVID-19 impacts might find more success in grassroots information contagion than official public health campaigns. While Black Twitter is well-positioned as a conduit for such information contagion, little is known about message characteristics that would afford it. Here, we tested the impact of four different message frames (personalization, interactive, fear appeal, neutral) on the social contagion potential of bi-modal social media messages promoting COVID-19 vaccinations and finding personalized messages to be the most shareable. Wary of recommending personalization as the blueprint for setting a social contagion health campaign in motion, we probed further to understand the influence of individual-level variables on the communicability of personalized messages. Subsequently, regression models and focus group data were consulted, revealing that thinking styles, vaccine confidence levels, and attitudes toward social media were significant factors of influence on the contagion potential of personalized messages. We discussed the implications of these results for health campaigns.

“Two Years Later I’m Still Just as Angry”: A Focus Group Study of Emergency and Internal Medicine Physicians on Disrespectful Communication

Phenomenon: Disrespectful behavior between physicians across departments can contribute to burnout, poor learning environments, and adverse patient outcomes. Approach: In this focus group study, we aimed to describe the nature and context of perceived disrespectful communication between emergency and internal medicine physicians (residents and faculty) at patient handoff. We used a constructivist approach and framework method of content analysis to conduct and analyze focus group data from 24 residents and 11 faculty members from May to December 2019 at a large academic medical center. Findings: We organized focus group results into four overarching categories related to disrespectful communication: characteristics and context (including specific phrasing that members from each department interpreted as disrespectful, effects of listener engagement/disengagement, and the tendency for communication that is not in-person to result in misunderstanding and conflict); differences across training levels (with disrespectful communication more likely when participants were at different training levels); the individual correspondent’s tendency toward perceived rudeness; and negative/long-term impacts of disrespectful communication on the individual and environment (including avoidance and effects on patient care). Insights: In the context of predominantly positive descriptions of interdepartmental communication, participants described episodes of perceived disrespectful behavior that often had long-lasting, negative impacts on the quality of the learning environment and clinical work. We created a conceptual model illustrating the process and outcomes of these interactions. We make several recommendations to reduce disrespectful communication that can be applied throughout the hospital to potentially improve patient care, interdepartmental collaboration, and trainee and faculty quality of life.

Bridging the gap: a qualitative study of providers' perceptions of a partnered crisis follow-up program for suicidal patients post-emergency department discharge

BackgroundEffective interventions are needed to address suicide risk following discharge from the hospital emergency department or inpatient setting. Studies that examine follow-up contact methods show promise, but little is known about how follow-up programs are implemented in the real world and who is benefitting. The purpose of this formative evaluation and analysis was to gain insight about the usefulness and value of a partnered suicide prevention follow-up program (academic medical center emergency department partnered with a regional suicide prevention center) from the standpoint of psychiatry resident physicians providing direct care and suicide prevention center crisis counselors making follow-up outreach telephone calls to patients.MethodsA qualitative thematic analysis was conducted with focus group data from a convenience sample of psychiatry residents who performed consultations in the emergency department setting and counselors at the suicide prevention center crisis follow-up program. Focus group sessions, using semi-structured question guides, were completed at each participant group’s workplace. Grounded theory techniques were used to guide coding and analytic theme development.ResultsAnalyses resulted in four overarching themes: valuing the program’s utility and benefit to patients, desiring to understand what happens from emergency department discharge to program follow-up, having uncertainty about which patients would benefit from the program, and brainstorming to improve the referral process. Psychiatry residents appreciated the option of an “active” referral service (one that attempts to actively engage a patient after discharge through outreach), while suicide prevention crisis counselors valued their ability to offer a free and immediate service that had potential for fostering meaningful relationships. Both participant groups desired a better understanding of their partner’s program operations, a uniform and smooth referral process, and awareness of who may or may not benefit from program services.ConclusionResults revealed the need for improved communication and implementation, such as expanded inter-agency contacts, consistent provider training, more documentation of the requirements and rules, a consistent message about program logistics for patients, and coordination between the program elements.

Exploring how health equity is addressed in accountable communities of/for health (ACHs).

To explore how Accountable Communities of/for Health (ACHs), a type of health-focused multisector collaborative, are developing strategies to address health equity with diverse partners. Interview and focus group participants were recruited from a purposive sample of 22 ACH participant organizations in Washington (n = 9 ACHs) and California (n = 13 ACH). Interview and focus group data were thematized using constant comparison analysis. Interviews were conducted to learn how each ACH's system context, collaboration processes, and goals influence its progress toward health equity. Focus groups were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of how local context and power dynamics influence an ACH's ability to make progress toward health equity. There were 22 focus group participants and 65 interview participants. Results indicate that ACHs advance health equity across the social-ecological spectrum of health with approaches targeting the individual, community, and societal levels. Specific approaches used by ACHs to collaboratively address health equity include providing equity education to participating organizations and community groups; including diverse community voices in collaborative decision-making; changing practices in their participant's daily operations; improving existing services and developing new services; and actively promoting a culture of keeping equity at the center of ACH efforts. This study identifies strategies for advancing health equity in multisector collaboratives. ACHs in Washington and California are devoting resources to ensure health equity is central to their work. The numerous approaches ACHs use to advance health equity are important to ensure everyone can reach their full health potential. While current literature argues that multisector health initiatives are integral for advancing health equity, there is a lack of research on how these initiatives advance equity in practice. Thus, this paper provides generalizable strategies that can be further investigated to optimize progress toward health equity.

Intersectional Perspective on Factors Influencing Healthy Ageing Amongst Older New Zealand Men: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study

Little is known about how New Zealand men understand their health and wellbeing as they age and what are the determinants of their healthy ageing. Contiguous and exploratory sequential mixed methods study were conducted with the collection of both focus group and survey data. Methodologically, this abductive process was incorporated within an intersectional framework, providing a comprehensive picture of healthy aging in men across life stages and socioeconomic statuses. Integrated results revealed that for respondents the most significant factors influencing their healthy aging were, life engagement purpose, substance misuse, and masculinity norms. This article contributes to mixed methods research by providing practical applications of incorporating the intersectional model to enhance rigor in designing, conducting, and interpreting mixed methods research.

Growing resilient futures: agroforestry as a pathway towards climate resilient development for smallholder farmers

Climate change is increasing pressure on communities that are already experiencing high levels of vulnerability and poverty, threatening their subsistence. Among the most vulnerable are smallholder farmers in the Global South, who rely on their yields for food and income. Smallholders need to adapt to changes in rainfall, temperature, and weather patterns and their knock-on effects, and at the same time, ensure that their on-farm climate adaptations do not make climate change worse by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasises the need for Climate Resilient Development Pathways (CRDPs) to support vulnerable communities, including smallholder farmers, in balancing climate adaptation, mitigation and development. CRDPs comprise reactive and/or preventive actions that key stakeholders (e.g., government, business, civil society and individuals, including smallholder farmers) can take to become more resilient in the context of a changing climate while not compromising their development or increasing emissions. The CRDP framework has so far remained conceptual, providing little information on how to actually create these pathways in practice. This paper addresses this gap, and with a focus on agroforestry projects and smallholders in the Global South, assesses how CRDPs can become more concrete and actionable through a focus on agroforestry: the voluntary combination of crop and/or pasture with trees and/or shrubs, considering its contribution to climate adaptation, mitigation and development. We draw on literature review and focus group data, analysed using Atlas.ti 23 and a coding process to present a tool relevant to project designers, policymakers and researchers to assess agroforestry projects according to different aspects of climate resilient development, with particular focus on smallholder farmers in the Global South. Evaluation of the tool found it is relevant and useful for project developers and funders to check that their projects follow the components of CRD, but the tool needs to be translated to the local context to better address local demands and reflect regional specificities, which focus group participants deemed possible.

Youth provisioning in low‐income families: Reconsidering theories of poor attachment

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships between low‐income single mothers and their adolescent and early adult children utilizing qualitative interview and focus group data with youth from three Canadian cities. The research explored youth provisioning roles in these families. Provisioning, a concept widely understood in the global south, refers to labour used to sustain low‐income families and includes emotional labour, care work, trade and exchange and paid labour. Findings from this study identified strong expressions of positive attachment and close relationships between youth and their family members. The paper queries whether positive attachment may be built through roles where youth see themselves as integral parts of a family team and where their contributions are acknowledged. These findings invite us to explore and perhaps challenge the oft‐reported correlations between living in a low‐income, lone mother‐led family and poor childhood outcomes and poor attachment. Can these outcomes be mediated and can the provisioning roles youth undertake possibly be such mediators?

Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Individuals Living with Sight Loss in Cambridgeshire.

Physical inactivity is a prevalent concern amongst adults living with sight loss. It is essential to understand why these individuals are inactive and how we can increase physical activity levels among them. Therefore, this study aims to explore the barriers and facilitators to physical activity for individuals living with sight loss. Seven individuals with self-reported sight loss living in Cambridgeshire were recruited for three focus groups. Focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes. Seven themes which represented a barrier, or a facilitator were identified: transport, accessing information, one size fits all, negative previous experience, visually impaired sport, women in disability sport, and taster days. To increase physical activity levels amongst those living with sight loss, interventions need to be focused on the organisational level. This includes producing more accessible environments that can be produced by providing training for sport and physical activity professionals and by ensuring the physical environment is inclusive for those living with sight loss.

Why do some people with stroke not receive the recommended 45 min of occupational therapy and physiotherapy after stroke? A qualitative study using focus groups

ObjectivesTo generate qualitative data on the views of Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists about why people do not receive the Royal College of Physicians’ recommended minimum of 45 minutes (min) of...

Implementing universal design for learning in nursing education: Faculty perspectives

BackgroundNursing faculty face an increase in the student population entering from diverse backgrounds. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is recognized as an inclusive approach to learning that can address the diverse needs of nursing students. AimThe purpose of this study was to examine faculty experiences during the implementation of UDL in nursing courses with a focus on barriers and support. MethodsThe study was conducted within the nursing program at an academic medical center in the Midwest, uniquely positioned with five divisions dispersed across the state. We conducted a qualitative study using focus group data to capture faculty experiences applying UDL principles for teaching. Twelve nursing faculty participated in two focus group interviews. ResultsWe summarize barriers encountered and offer suggestions and resources for ongoing UDL implementation and inclusive practice. ConclusionNursing schools must capture faculty voices for unfolding diversity issues and enrich pedagogical practices to advance inclusive practices for student success.