Granulated Foam Glass Research Articles

Study on producing light weight concrete with foam glass granules

In the world, waste glass is widely recycled, especially in developed countries with a recycling rate of about 30-90%. Currently, in Vietnam glass emissions in urban areas account for 1.5-2% of solid wastes; however, few studies mention this waste. Therefore, light weight concrete (LWC) using foam glass granulates (FGG) is the object of this paper. In the study, the raw materials are FGG, But Son PC40 cement, Pha Lai fly ash and Sikament superplasticizer named R4. The experimental results show that with FGG content of 50% (by volume), the LWC’s bulk specific gravity is 1302 kg/m3 and compressive strength at 28 days is 89 kG/cm2.
 Keywords: waste glass; foam glass granulate; light weight concrete.

Lightweight Cement Mortars with Granulated Foam Glass and Waste Perlite Addition

This article presents the influence of granulated foam glass (GFG) on thermal insulation and mechanical properties of lightweight cement mortars. The mortars were additionally modified with addition of ground perlite dust. Ground expanded perlite waste was introduced into the cement matrix in the amounts of 10%, 20%, and 30% of cement mass. The results show that application of this waste increases the strength of the mortars as well as decreases their thermal conductivity coefficient. A series of mortars were prepared with introduction of granulated foam glass with mass per unit filler/cement ratio equal to 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2. The aggregate composition of GFG was combined from different monofractions in the range 0–2 mm so that it filled the mortar volume to the maximum. Additionally, mortars were made, in which 20% of 0–0.25 mm GFG volume was replaced with quartz sand with the same granulation. Each mortar series was modified with addition of ground perlite waste in the amount of 20% of cement mass. The results indicate an improvement of thermal insulation properties along with greater participation of perlite in the mortars. The increase of the thermal conductivity coefficient was observed in the mortars, where the GFG was replaced with quartz sand. Greater amount of GFG results in decrease of compressive strength, but it can be improved by replacing part of the lightweight filler with sand or by introducing the addition of ground expanded perlite to the matrix. This also results in lower water absorption of mortars. Research proved that in most cases, the addition of ground expanded perlite decreased the capillary sorption of mortars, as well as the water absorption coefficient by capillary action, with growing proportion of the lightweight filler.

A Study on Structure and Phase Composition of Cellular Ceramic Materials from Dispersed Silica-Rich Rocks

Studies on structure, phase composition and properties of ceramic wall materials with a glass-crystalline framework from dispersed silica-rich rocks are described. The results of chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of tripolite and granulated foam-glass crystalline material (GFGCM) are presented. The dependence of physical and mechanical properties of cellular ceramic materials on GFGCM content in the composition in the amount from 5 to 75% is determined. Test samples of cellular ceramic materials with dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm, having a compressive strength 16.2-20.8 MPa, water absorption 7.1-7.9 % and an average density 0.99-1.32 g/m3 were produced at the factory. At the macroscale level the cellular structure of the ceramic material consists of closed pores with a vitrified inner surface pore, glass-crystalline outer shell of the pores and solid phase of the framework walls. It was established that after firing in the temperature range 850-900 °C the walls of the framework are represented by quartz, feldspar and hematite, a pronounced halo is indicating a significant amount of glass phase.

Granulated foam glass based on mineral wastes used for building materials

The aim of this work is to reuse the mineral wastes (glass, brick, and clay) to produce granulated foam glass at different characteristics. For this, three types of granulated foam glass were manufactured at a temperature 850°C from glass wastes (cullet), brick wastes, clay, and limestone as a foaming agent. First, granulated foam glass obtained were used by substitution of fine aggregates in mortar. Physical (flow, density, and porosity), and mechanical tests (compressive strength) were carried on granulated foam glass-based mortars. Second, granulated foam glasses based on brick waste were also used as coarse aggregates to manufacture insulating materials. The latter are composite materials elaborated with three types of binder (cement, plaster, and resin). The lightness, phonic insulation, and thermal insulation were determined by measuring the apparent density, the wave velocity, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the materials produced. The obtained results show that presence of crystalline phase in granulated foam glass coming from the brick wastes has a beneficial effect on both the structure and characteristics of granulated foam glass. Indeed, it has significantly improved the adhesion of granulated foam glass aggregates which has favored distribution of grains in the matrix (improvement of lightness, phonic insulation, and thermal insulation).

Investigation of the Effect of a Layer of Granulated Foam-Glass Ceramic on the Temperature Conditions of Frozen Soil

The effect produced with the use of granulated foam-glass ceramic, a product of the processing of opal cristobalite rocks, for the protection of a roadbed against seasonal freezing is evaluated. Studies of the temperature conditions of frozen oil without heat insulation and of frozen soil insulated with extruded foam polystyrene or granulated foam-glass ceramic are performed. It is shown that a layer of foam-glass ceramic (in the dry state) and a layer of extruded foam polystyrene equivalent in terms of heat resistance produce roughly the same effect on freezing of soil, as a result of which the freezing depth is reduced several fold. An increase in the freezing depth is observed in the case of moist foam-glass ceramic.

Filter Medias from Granulated Foam-glass, Properties Investigated for Water Treatment Possibilities

Inorganic material – granulated foam-glass produced from glass breakage in small porous granule shape. Foam-glass is gotten by connecting thoroughly grounded glass with foamers, later this composition is heated in the furnace in especially high temperature and is turned into various diameter greyish granules. Granulated foam-glass is a unique ecological material of which inner structure pores are arranged in such a way that air is trapped inside. Foam-glass production technology is one of the most advanced since the product is made from secondary raw materials, not leaving any third row waste. From granule surface images it can be seen that granule surface has pores and voids, some of these pores are closed, others are connected with granule’s inner pores, all pore walls are smooth, and the wall material is vitrified. Pores and voids are arranged chaotically in smaller granules, bigger granules inner space structure is tidy, bigger part is occupied by correctly arranged bigger pores and space between them is filled with smaller pores. Granules are composed of amorphous phase, in mineralogical composition can emit one material cristobalite. In the work were researched two fraction granules: 0/2 and 2/4 as well as determined 0/4 fraction granular-metric composition. Researched and determined main physical granule properties and properties related to water effect to the material, shown in micro-structural granule surface and inner structure images. According to explored properties it can be noted that granules can be adapted in water cleaning technologies.

Effect of CNT on Microstructure and Minearological Composition of Lightweight Concrete with Granulated Foam Glass

Light weight concrete is more and more popular material in modern building construction. Foamed concrete (FC) is the most prospective kind of light weight concrete.The most effective solution for achieving low density, law water absorption and localization of shrinkage is application of light weight aggregate - foamed glass grains. However, due to high silica content in foam glass aggregate, using these one in a cement-based composites creates a risk of alkali-silica reactions.The aim of this study is to achieve high performance light weight concrete with granulated foamed glass, and to evaluate the possibilities to localize alkali silica reactions using different admixtures, including carbon nanotubes.

Single-stage technogy for granulated foam glass production based on the composition of tripoli and technogical microsilica

The possibility of foam glass production by means of one-stage technology based on the natural tripoli and technogenic silica is determined. 45 % sodium hydroxide solution is used for the synthesis of foam glass. The addition of microsilica as an extra component in an amount of 10 to 50 wt. % in batch component increases the strength of the obtained material to 4 MPa and reduces foaming temperature from 870 to 830 °C. The increased mechanical strength of the material is due to the residual quartz dissolution and cristobalite crystallization. The samples obtained from batch with 30 wt. % microsilica have maximum strength.

Performance of Lightweight Concrete based on Granulated Foamglass

The paper presents an investigation of lightweight concretes properties, based on granulated foamglass (GFG-LWC) aggregates. The application of granulated foamglass (GFG) in concrete might significantly reduce the volume of waste glass and enhance the recycling industry in order to improve environmental performance. The conducted experiments showed high strength and thermal properties for GFG-LWC. However, the use of GFG in concrete is associated with the risk of harmful alkali-silica reactions (ASR). Thus, one of the main aims was to study ASR manifestation in GFG-LWC. It was found that the lightweight concrete based on porous aggregates, and ordinary concrete, have different a mechanism of ASR. In GFG-LWC, microstructural changes, partial destruction of granules, and accumulation of silica hydro-gel in pores were observed. According to the existing methods of analysis of ASR manifestation in concrete, sample expansion was measured, however, this method was found to be not appropriate to indicate ASR in concrete with porous aggregates. Microstructural analysis and testing of the concrete strength are needed to evaluate the damage degree due to ASR. Low-alkali cement and various pozzolanic additives as preventive measures against ASR were chosen. The final composition of the GFG-LWC provides very good characteristics with respect to compressive strength, thermal conductivity and durability. On the whole, the potential for GFG-LWC has been identified.

Industrial waste and burning temperature effect to building ceramics’ properties

This work contains results of building ceramics properties research. The samples were made using clay, sand and an additive, made during the making of granulated foam glass. Moulding compound's compositions were discovered using triangular diagram according the experiment planning method. Samples, produced from planned forming masses, were burned in three burning tempertures: 1000, 1030 and 1050 C using different exposure duration in higher temperatures. Upon receiving the samples their physical, mechanical and structural properties were determined, as well with calculation of the prognosis of operational resistance to frost. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.10.1.7458

Alkali-silica reactivity of foam glass granules in structure of lightweight concrete

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) made with foam glass granules (FGG) are subjected to alkali silica reactions (ASR) between FGG and cement matrix. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of different cements on the ASR which occurs between FGG and binder. Eight cements with different chemical composition and Na2O equivalent were used for production of LWAC specimens. Loose bulk density, water absorption, material density and porosity were determined for FGG. Properties of fresh LWAC, like density, flow table test and cone slump as well as air content were tested. Mechanical and physical properties, such as flexural and compression strength tests, were performed for 28days old LWAC specimens. Tests with scanning electron microscope and microstructural investigations were performed for foam glass granules and hardened concrete specimens before and after exposure to alkali solution. The ASR test was performed according to RILEM TC 106-AAR testing recommendations. Relative expansion of 0.160-0.205% was detected which does not comply with standard recommendations (0.054%). Moreover, flexural strength reduction up to 73% and compression strength reduction up to 43% were detected due to deleterious ASR. It was detected that Na2Oeq. is only one of the criteria that determine choice of cement for production of sustainable LWAC. Therefore other measurements must be provided to limit deleterious expansions and comply with the standard requirements.

Performance of granulated foam glass concrete

This research investigated the feasibility of using granulated foam glass (GFG), as natural aggregate substitute by volume, in concrete production. The GFG aggregates used in this study were produced from mixed colour glass bottles waste. The effect of various proportions of coarse GFG (30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 100%) and fine GFG (5%, 10% and 15%) on fresh, mechanical properties, carbonation and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) have been established and its suitability for use in a range of practical applications is assessed. A series of concrete mixes were proportioned with water-to-cement ratios ( w/ c) of 0.40, 0.55, 0.62 and 0.76. The GFG aggregates are characterised as of a high content of silicon oxide, porous texture, around 40% low relative density and 2–4 times higher water absorption compared to natural aggregate (NA). Overall, GFG characterisation test results have demonstrated their potential for use as lightweight aggregates in concrete production. Results of compressive strength testing showed that up to 30% coarse or 5% fine GFG had generally negligible effect on the cube and cylinder strength of concrete. Moreover, within 3-days 30% coarse GFG concrete specimens achieved on average 70% of their 28-day compressive strength. This increased to a range of 73–87% at 7-days, regardless of GFG content and comparable to corresponding NA concrete mixes. Up to 50% of NA replaced by the GFG has shown insignificant effect on the carbonation rate as compared to the control NA concretes. Results of accelerated ASR testing indicate expansions of both control NA and up to 50% GFG mixes, but values were found to be within the acceptable limit set by ASTM C1260. A microstructural investigation of the cement paste containing fine GFG using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) images has shown a minor ASR gel and reaction products were dissipated through the pore system of the GFG. The formation of gel in the pores has contributed to minimize the expansions exhibited and thus, evacuate/relax the internal stresses. On the whole, potential extent to which coarse/fine GFG content can be used, as natural aggregate substitute (by volume), has been identified.

Elaboration and characterization of porous granules based on waste glass

The evolutions of the world today and the population increase have resulted in pollution and human wastes, which contaminate the environment and adversely affect the human's quality of life. All forms of food and drink packages, made of paper, plastic foam, aluminum and glass, are designed for the consumers' convenience. After being used, these packages are discarded as garbage and have today become a social problem. It is in this context that our work for obtaining a building material (foam glass granules) that is much lighter is registered with the properties of heat insulation and acoustic improved based on cullet in order to recycle it and for improving the present laws about the waste products in closed circuit (finished products → waste products → finished products). Investigations have shown that grinding waste glass to particle size less than 0.1 mm and adding 1% of Ca CO 3 content provide the production of material with the following properties: particle density of 0.5 g/cm 3, strength of 17.50 MPa and water adsorption of 95%, with the temperature for foaming ranges determined at 850 °C. The microstructures are homogenous, with pore sizes of up to 2 mm. The foam glass is counted among the new glass products meeting certain requirements on comfort, in particular in the building industry (thermal and acoustic insulation). The product obtained presents excellent thermal (λ = 0,031 W/m°C) and acoustic (R = 15 dB) properties.

Heat insulation of high-temperature heating units for ceramic production

Heat losses are studied for a tunnel furnace used for firing porcelain and refractory materials. Calculations of the heat losses through the arch of the furnace are performed using diatomaceous crumb and granulated foam glass ceramic as heat-insulating fill. Cost-effectiveness calculations show that there is an advantage to using granulated foam glass ceramic.

Granulated foam glass ceramic — a promising heat-insulating material

Environmentally safe, resource-conserving technology was developed for manufacturing thermal-insulating, granulated foam glass with closed pores. The heat-engineering characteristics of the granulated foam glass ceramic obtained allow recommending it as an effective thermal insulating material for high-temperature thermal units and residential networks.

Granulated foam glass–ceramic material from zeolitic rocks

The objective of this research work was to investigate the production of granulated foam glass–ceramic material from zeolitic rocks. The investigations have shown that grinding raw materials to particle size less than 0.5 mm and adding 13.8% of alkali content provide production of material with the following properties: particle density – 340 kg/m 3, strength – 1.6 MPa and water adsorption – 13% at firing temperature of 850 °C. Expanded zeolite with alkali content is a material of glass–ceramic composition with amorphous part of 38.6% and crystalline part of 61.4% that gives higher strength in comparison with sponge glass.

Formation of pores in granulated mineral materials under firing

Based on the regularities of the growth of gas bubbles, crystallization of metals, and topochemical reactions of decomposition of solids, the kinetic equation of pore formation in granules of mineral materials under firing is derived. The obtained equations are recommended for mathematical modeling of the pore formation process in granulated foam glass and porous fillers.