FO Groups Research Articles

Experimental vaccination against Aeromonas hydrophila in Colossoma macropomum: Bacterial characterization, lethal doses, and mortality

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most important pathogens affecting Amazonian fish. In recent years, outbreaks in native aquaculture species displaying hemorrhages, epithelial ulcers, and damaged fins, which often lead to fatalities, have been reported. In the current study, we characterized A. hydrophila isolated from an outbreak on a commercial farm of Colossoma macropomum (gamitana), one of the main native species farmed in Peru and South America. Gram-negative, motile, oxidase-, and catalase-positive bacteria were retrieved from diseased C. macropomum. Aeromonas hydrophila was confirmed by biochemical and molecular characterization. Virulence genes detection showed that A. hydrophila (FO129–26) harbors cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), hemolysin (hly), serine protease (ser), lipase (lip), flagellin (fla), and elastase (ahyB) virulence genes. Then, lethal dose tests (LD10, 50, 90, 99) were performed and stablished at 4.6 × 106; 6.4 × 106; 8.9 × 106; and 1.11 × 107 CFU mL−1 confirming the virulence of the bacterial isolate. Finally, there were used three methods of bacteria inactivation to vaccine gamitanas against this bacterium. 180 gamitanas (C: control; FO: formaldehyde-inactivated group; PH: peroxide-inactivated group; CF: chloroform-inactivated group) were challenged with the pathogen. FO and PH groups had better survival rates (∼ 40 %) than the control group. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) between the FO and PH groups. Fish from CF presented early mortality after vaccination, probably due to irritation caused by chloroform residues. Finally, this study shows the virulence characteristics of A. hydrophila FO129–26 in an important farmed native fish in Peru and broadens the geographic range of the presence of this pathogen worldwide. Vaccines are a good strategy to improve the resistance of C. macropomum against A. hydrophila. However, further research is necessary to expand our comprehension of the efficacy of this protective technique in Amazonian fish.

High-temperature glycosylation of saccharides to modify molecular conformation of egg white protein and its effect on the stability of high internal phase emulsions

This paper investigates the freeze–thaw stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by high-temperature wet heating glycosylation products. Glucose (Glu), D-fructose (Fru), xylose (Xyl), maltodextrin (MD), oligofructose (FO), and oligomeric isomaltulose (IMO) were chosen as sugar sources for the glycosylation reaction with egg white proteins (EWPs) at 120 °C to prepare the GEWPs. The study reveals that the type of sugar significantly influences the Maillard reactions with EWPs. The degree of glycosylation was highest in the Xyl group with the greatest reducing capacity and lowest in the MD, FO, and IMO groups. High-temperature wet glycosylation treatment induced changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of EWP. Elevated temperature exposed hydrophobic groups within the protein, while covalent binding of hydrophilic carbohydrates via the Maillard reaction decreased the protein's H0 value. Improved foaming and emulsifying properties were attributed to the increase in α-helix content, disulfide bond formation, and reduced surface tension. Emulsions prepared from GEWPs exhibited higher apparent viscosity and G' compared to those from natural EWPs, with the GEWP/Xyl group showing the highest values. After freeze–thaw treatment, the GEWP/Fru and GEWP/FO groups demonstrated superior stability and reduced freezing point, along with minimal microstructural alterations. These findings underscore the importance of sugar type in the stability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by GEWPs, indicating that a tailored Maillard reaction can yield stabilizers with exceptional freeze–thaw stability for emulsions.

Fish oil supplementation as an omega-3 fatty acid source during gestation: effects on the performance of weaned male goat kids.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil supplementation, as an omega-3 fatty acids source, to ration of does in the different periods of pregnancy on the fattening performance of kids after weaning. Eighty German Fawn × Hair crossbred does were randomly divided into two groups; half were given fish oil in the first half of pregnancy (FO group), while the other half were given saturated fat (PF (control) group). Then, the goats in the FO and PF groups were randomly divided into two subgroups, and half of the goats were fed fish oil during the second half of pregnancy (FO-FO and FO-PF groups), while the other half was fed saturated fat (PF-FO and PF-PF groups). Thus, study groups of kids were formed according to the nutrition program of the does described above. Forty-seven male kids (84.6 ± 2.44 days old; 14.5 ± 3.09 kg live weight, mean ± standard deviation) were fed for 56 days after weaning, and their weight, feed consumption, serum biochemical parameters, carcass performance, and meat quality characteristics were evaluated. Maternal nutrition significantly affected live weight gain and serum AST, glucose, total protein, and globulin concentrations (P ≤ 0.050). The live weight gain of kids in the PF-PF and PF-FO groups was higher than that in the FO-FO and FO-PF groups. Maternal nutrition tended to affect the hot and cold carcass weights of male kids (P = 0.078 and P = 0.084, respectively). In conclusion, fish oil supplementation during gestation could negatively affect the fattening performance of kids after weaning, especially the daily live weight gain, although it tended to positively affect hot and cold carcass weights.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation: a potential treatment for ascites syndrome in broiler chickens

Ascites (serous fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity) has been observed worldwide in fast growing broilers. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important pathological feature of broiler ascites syndrome. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) are expressed in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) where they participate in the regulation of normal pulmonary vascular function. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish oil) and pioglitazone (PIO) as natural and synthetic PPARγ ligands supplementation on PPARγ and PGC-1α expression in the prevention of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) syndrome in broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted with 4 treatment groups: 1) negative control, normal temperature conditions with basal diet; 2) positive control, low-temperature conditions with basal diet; 3) positive control+10 mg PIO/kg of weight/d and 4) positive control+1% FO. Each treatment had 5 replicates. Ascites heart index (RV/TV) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in chickens receiving FO (0.20) and PIO (0.21) compared to the positive control group (0.26). The addition of PIO in broilers under cold-induced ascites significantly increased the expression of PPARγ (9.44) and PGC-1α (5.81) genes in lung tissue compared to the negative control group (1.03, P < 0.05). Proliferative indexes of VSMC in pulmonary arteries such as PMT, PIT, and percentage wall thickness were significantly elevated in positive control group, indicating that pulmonary vascular remodeling occurred following VSMC proliferation in ascites. The vessel internal diameter was increased in FO and PIO groups. Based on these results, activation and expression of PPARγ and PGC-1α genes as a critical regulator of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell using ligands, especially PIO, can be effective in reducing the incidence of PAH in broiler chickens.

Tenebrio molitor L. larvae inclusion in quail diet as a fat source: effects on performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition

This study was conducted to determine the effects ofTenebrio molitor larvae inclusion in diets instead of soybean and fish oil on Japanese quail’s performance, carcass, and meat quality. A total of 180 7-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were housed in battery packs in a controlled environment room. Chicks were randomly allocated to three treatment groups, each with 5 replicate pens of 12 chicks. The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) control (C) group (soybean meal-based diet); (2) fish oil supplemented diet (FO, 30 g/kg DM fish oil); and (3)T. molitor larvae diet (TML, 100 g/kg DM), respectively. No differences were found between daily weight gain and daily feed intake (P&gt;0.05). The final body weight was higher in quail-fed TML and lower in quailfed FO (P&lt;0.01). The feed conversion ratio was improved with the TML diet in quail (P&lt;0.05). Carcass weight was higher in the TML group than in the FO group (P&lt;0.05). No differences between treatment groups were found in liver, heart, and spleen percentages (P&gt;0.05); however, the proventriculus percentage was higher in FO than in the TML group. The chemical characteristics of breast meat were unaffected by dietary treatments (P&gt;0.05). The fatty acids (FA) were similar primarily in quail breast meat fed C and TML diets; however, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) was lower in the TML diet compared to the C diet (P&gt;0.05). In the FO groups C14:0, C20:4 n6 and n-3 fatty acids (C18:3, C20:3, C20:5, C22:6), saturated FA, PUFA, and n-3/n-6 were increased, monounsaturated FA, PUFA n-6, and n-6/n-3 were decreased compared to the C and TML groups (P&lt;0.01).

Comparison of the effects of 3 kinds of oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glycolipid metabolism and lipoprotein subfractions

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) can be classified into animal- and plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are frequently accompanied by dyslipidemia, which is closely related to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) subfractions change. This study aimed to determine the effects of different sources ω-3 PUFAs on glucolipid metabolism and lipoprotein subfractions in T2DM with dyslipidemia. Ninety T2DM patients with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to take 3 g/day fish oil (FO, containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), 3 g/day perilla oil (PO, containing α-linolenic acid (ALA)), or 3 g/day blend oil (BO, containing EPA, DHA and ALA) for 3 months. 90 patients completed the intervention. There was a significant reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in all the groups. The triglycerides (TG) in the FO group were significantly different with a group × time interaction (P = 0.043), which was higher compared with the other two groups. The serum small HDL-C subfractions in the PO group was higher and the serum large HDL-C subfractions in the PO group was lower than those in the BO and FO groups. Plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs are more effective at controlling blood glucose than animal-derived ω-3 PUFAs. However, animal-derived ω-3 PUFAs have a significant lowering effect on TG compared with plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs. Particularly, large HDL-C subfractions after animal-derived ω-3 PUFAs intake were higher than plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs intake; while small HDL-C subfractions were lower. Both the animal- and plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs have practical value in improving glucose and lipids metabolism in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia.

Effect of the dietary intake of fish oil on psycho-social behavioral disorder caused by social-defeat stress

Exposure to psychosocial stress is a risk factor for human diseases such as depression. Social defeat stress (SDS) is a well-known rodent model of human psychosocial stress, and animals exposed to SDS show social avoidance behavior. Fish oil, which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is expected to decrease the risk of depressive disorders. In this study, we determined whether fish oil affects the social behavior of SDS-exposed mice and measured serotonin levels and expression of genes related to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in the hippocampus. The experimental animals were fed a diet containing fish oil during SDS exposure. For the fish oil treatment, experimental mice were fed a diet containing fish oil at low (L-FO), middle (M-FO), and high (H-FO) concentrations. The control group was supplemented with an equivalent amount of canola oil (no fish oil: N-FO). After the SDS protocol, we performed a social interaction test and assessed the sociality of experimental mice. In the N-FO group, SDS-exposed mice showed negative social interactions compared with non-stressed mice. The L-FO and H-FO groups showed negative social interactions after SDS exposure; however, the M-FO group did not exhibit negative social behavior. The serotonin levels of SDS-exposed mice were lower than those of non-stressed mice in the N-FO group. In contrast with these results in the N-FO group, there was no difference in serotonin levels between SDS-exposed and non-stressed mice in the FO groups. In addition, the expression of genes related to TRP metabolism in SDS-exposed mice increased in the N-FO group, but not in the FO group. These results suggest that fish oil improves the psychosocial behavioral disorders caused by SDS. This improvement could be explained by the increase in serotonin synthesis in the hippocampus.

Effects of postpolymerization conditions on the physical properties, cytotoxicity, and dimensional accuracy of a 3D printed dental restorative material

Statement of problemAlthough the introduction of high-speed 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has significantly reduced printing time, the time required for postpolymerization is a speed-determining step because of the long wait time. How postpolymerization conditions affect material properties is unclear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the physical properties, accuracy, and biosafety of a 3D printed dental restorative material according to postpolymerization conditions. Material and methodsSpecimens were prepared by 3D printing with a digital light processing 3D printer with 1 interim dental material (C&B MFH). All printed specimens underwent a postpolymerization process with 5 different postpolymerization devices and were designated as groups D1 (D102H), FO (Form Cure), LC (LC-3DPrintBox), ME (Medusa), and MP (MP100). The light intensity and temperature of each device were measured, and the Vickers hardness, flexural strength and modulus, degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity, and polymerization shrinkage were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted with 1-way analysis of variance, the Tukey post hoc test, and regression testing (α=.05). Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the fracture surface characteristics of the specimens. ResultsLight intensity was strongest with the ME device, and the temperature inside the device during postpolymerization showed the highest increase with the LC device and the lowest increase with the D1 device. The LC group specimens showed the highest mean Vickers hardness, and the MP group showed the lowest. The flexural strength was ≥100 MPa in all groups, with a flexural modulus ranging from 1.17 to 1.5 GPa. The DC results were similar to the physical properties test results. The D1, FO, LC, and ME groups all showed ≥70% cell viability, indicating no toxicity. The FO group showed the highest shrinkage rate of 0.52%. ConclusionsWhen the light intensity was strong, the surface was sufficiently hard, and toxic substances were not eluted even after a short postpolymerization time, suggesting that light intensity modulation and time management can be used to improve the postpolymerization process.

AMELIORATIONS OF MEDICINAL FRUIT EXTRACTS ON KIDNEY AGAINST FLUORIDE EXPOSURE IN MICE

This research work is the continuation of our previously published data on hepato-histopathological findings of fluoride exposure and the ameliorations by various plant fruit extracts. In the present research paper, we present histopathology patterns and the ameliorations in the kidney- the second vital body organ. Kidneys are amongst the most sensitive body organs. The study included the renal histopathological manifestations associated with exposure to 50ppm fluoride (F) (ad labitum) and the remedial potentials of vitamin E and fruit extracts of vitamin E, olive, strawberry, and pomegranate. 6 groups were made for the study, including 10 male albino mice (Mus musculus). Groups were symbolized as C (Control- no treatment), F (NaF), FE (NaF+VitaminE), FO (NaF+Olive), FP (NaF+Pomegranate) and FS (NaF+ Strawberry). All except the C group were exposed to 50 ppm F- ions (in drinking water) for 10 days, followed by the F free water for 5 days as a refractory period. During this period, 0.2mL of fruit extracts were given every 12hours to the animals NaF groups FE, FO, FP, and FS respectively via gavage. NaF group were recovered on the 16th day without any fruit extract, just with normal feed and drinking water. The kidneys of animals of all groups were dissected on the 16th day for histopathological evaluation. Results indicate modifications in renal histopathology due to fluoride exposure like the increased size of the glomerulus, lesions in the tubules, and the significant micrometric changes including increased CSA of proximal tubular area, enhanced tubular area, and tubular caliber. Ameliorative and nephro-rehabilitative effects against all such changes were observed in FE, FO, FP, and FS groups. The findings showed olive fruit pulp extract to be the most effective solution out of four medicinal fruit pulp extracts for rehabilitating the toxic manifestations of chronic exposure to the low dose of fluoride.

The effects of fish oil plus vitamin D3 intervention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

The present study aimed to investigate fish oil plus vitamin D3 (FO + D) supplementation on biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a 3-month randomized controlled trial, 111 subjects with NAFLD, aged 56.0 ± 15.9 y, were randomized into FO + D group (n = 37), fish oil group (FO, n = 37) or corn oil group (CO, n = 37). The subjects consumed the following capsules (3g/day), which provided 2.34g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + 1680IU vitamin D3 (FO + D group), or 2.34g/day of EPA + DHA (FO group), or 1.70g/d linoleic acid (CO group). Using multivariable-adjusted general linear model, there were significant net reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triacylglycerol (TAG) and TNF-α levels in the FO + D and FO groups, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The supplemental FO + D also showed significant reductions in insulin (-1.58 ± 2.00mU/L vs. -0.63 ± 1.55mU/L, P = 0.050) and IL-1β (-6.92 ± 7.29ng/L vs. 1.06 ± 5.83ng/L, P < 0.001) in comparison with control group. Although there were no significant differences between FO + D and FO groups regarding biochemical parameters, supplemental FO + D showed decreases in ALT (from 26.2 ± 13.5 U/L to 21.4 ± 9.6 U/L, P = 0.007), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, from 22.5 ± 7.0 U/L to 20.2 ± 4.0 U/L, P = 0.029), HOMA-IR (from 3.69 ± 1.22 to 3.38 ± 1.10, P = 0.047), and TNF-α (from 0.43 ± 0.38ng/L to 0.25 ± 0.42ng/L, P < 0.001) levels following the intervention. The present study demonstrated that groups supplemented with FO + D and FO had similar beneficial effects on biomarkers of hepatocellular damage and plasma TAG levels in subjects with NAFLD, while in the FO + D group, there were some suggestive additional benefits compared with FO group on insulin levels and inflammation. ChiCTR1900024866.

Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation in the diet on performance of Broiler chicks

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on growth performance, carcass quality, immunological and serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, mortality ratio and economic efficiency measures of broiler chicks. A total of 150 (ross 308) one day old chicks was distributed into 5 groups each contains 3 replicates (10 chicks/ replicate) fed on Five experimental diets contains different level of oils (0 oil, 1(SBO &amp; FO), 2 FO and 3% FO respectively), during the experimental period (5 weeks). four chicks from each replicate were used for analysis of the experimental chicks. The results revealed that supplementation of fish oil in diets of broiler chicks 1,2 and 3 % improve (P&lt; 0.05) the body weight (Bw) and body weight gain (BWG) than control groups but the best value were observed in 1&amp;3% fish oil group beside improvement of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all groups fed fish oil than control groups. However, numerically increased feed consumption in 1% SBO fed group than other groups. Significant (P&lt; 0.05) improvement of carcass characteristics and dressing percentage gradually with fish oil supplementation. The values of USFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher in the breast muscle of broilers fed with fish oil compared to the control groups. But, SFA significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased with fish oil than control groups. No significant difference in n-6 PUFA value between SBO and FO groups. So, N- 6:N3 ratio in breast meat decreased gradually with FO addition. Also, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL concentrations were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) reduced by fish oil treatments, but serum HDL-c, total protein (TP), and globulin (GL) concentrations were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) increased by using diets containing fish oil. Also, provision of fish oil Significantly (P&lt; 0.05) improves immune response in broilers chicken against Newcastle virus vaccine through increase antibody titer and TLC with decreased mortality rate. Significant (P&lt; 0.05) improvement of intestinal morphology with fish oil supplement were detected. The highest economic efficiency was recorded in group fed 1% FO followed by 1% SBO, 2% FO, 3% FO,0% oil gradually. from the present study, it could be concluded that the supplementation of fish oil in chick's diets significantly improve the growth performance, body composition, immune response, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, decrease the mortality rate and economically efficient at rate 1% addition

Buccal fat pad with sandwich graft versus buccal fat pad with block graft in closure of oroantral communication: prospective clinical study

Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of buccal fat pad with sandwich graft versus buccal fat pad with bone block graft in closure of oroantral communication. Subjects and methods: Patients of the present study were selected from those attending the outpatient clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Department at Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University (Assiut Branch). Fourteen patients with oroantral communications were divided in two groups: (group I) treated with sandwich graft covered by buccal fat pad, and (group II) treated by bone block covered by buccal fat pad. Results: Closure of oroantral communication was successful in both groups. No patient had any infection, graft exposure and /or loss, soft tissue dehiscence. Radiographic analysis revealed significant increase in bone density fo both groups, (from 693.5 ± 28.61 immediately postoperative to 805.2 ± 28.06 after 9 months) for G (I) And (from 590.0 ± 30.24 immediately postoperative To 683.3 ± 16.59 after 9 months) for G (II). Also, there was significant decrease in bone height in bone height in both groups at 6 and 9 months. Conclusion: Closure of OAC with buccal fat pad and bone graft not only gives excellent soft tissue healing, but also compensate the underlying bone defect.

Treatment of the Wave Sign With Femoral Osteoplasty With and Without Chondrolabral Stabilization Using Suture Anchors

To discuss the surgical outcomes of patients identified to have the wave sign without an accompanying labral tear treated with and without stabilization of the chondrolabral junction in conjunction with femoral osteoplasty. A retrospective study was performed in patients with cartilage delamination (wave sign) treated with femoral osteoplasty alone (FO group) or femoral osteoplasty with chondrolabral stabilization (CLS group). Patient-reported outcomes including the modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score (HOS)-Activities of Daily Living, and HOS-Sports-Specific Subscale were obtained at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Other outcomes included rates of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to hip arthroplasty. The study consisted of 47 patients in the FO group and 38 in the CLS group. Both groups showed significant increases in all patient-reported outcomes over the study period compared with preoperative values. The final modified Harris Hip Score was 72.8 ± 9.2 in the FO group and 79.9 ± 9.3 in the CLS group (P < .001). The HOS-Activities of Daily Living in the FO and CLS groups was 81.4 ± 10.3 and 87.2 ± 7.5, respectively (P < .001). There was no difference in the HOS-Sports-Specific Subscale between the FO group (74.4 ± 10.3) and the CLS group (78.0 ± 14.6) at final follow-up (P= .198). Revision hip arthroscopy was required in 5 patients in the FO group (13%) and 3 in the CLS group (6.3%). No patient in either group required conversion to hip arthroplasty throughout the study period. Chondrolabral stabilization in conjunction with femoral osteoplasty is an effective treatment in patients with the wave sign without labral tears. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as a mediator of dietary fatty acids affects reproductive performance in broiler breeder roosters

This study analyzed the effects of dietary sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on semen parameters and fertility potential in broiler breeder roosters. The mRNA and protein profiles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) expression in sperm as potential mediator of FAs were considered. Roosters were categorized into three groups and received their diets for 24 weeks as follows: 1) control diet received a basal diet (CTRL); 2) Fish oil based diet (FO) received the basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg of diet fish oil; and 3) sunflower oil based diet (SO) received the basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg of diet sunflower oil. While the different diets had significant effects on semen parameters, the effect of sampling time was not significant. The effect of the diets on sperm parameters were significantly higher in the SO and FO groups in total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, linearity, straightness, wobble and viability (P ≤ 0.05). Fertility rate was significantly improved in the FO and SO groups (P = 0001). The highest value for PPAR-γ mRNA was observed in the SO group compared to other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of the roosters’ diets with FO and SO increased PPAR-γ protein expression compared to the control. It seems that PPAR-γ could be a strong potential mediator of the underlying mechanism of improvement in semen parameters and reproductive performance of roosters under the effects of both dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Ovarian status modulates cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress in target organs

Studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the association between both fluctuation and deprivation of ovarian hormones and cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress and their potential impact on resting arterial pressure (AP) and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular autonomic modulation, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and oxidative stress in male rats (M) and in female rats during ovulatory (FOV) and non-ovulatory phases (FNOV) of the estrous cycle and after deprivation of ovarian hormones (FO). Direct AP was recorded, and BRS was assessed by using increasing doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. AP and heart rate variability were assessed by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress profile was evaluated in cardiac, renal, and muscle tissues. In females, the ovulatory phase and ovarian hormone deprivation induced an increase in AP (FOV and FO ~ 9 mmHg) when compared to the non-ovulatory phase. Ovariectomy promoted increased cardiac sympathovagal balance (~ 17–37%) when compared to other groups. Both FOV and FO groups presented impaired BRS, associated with higher AP variability. In general, antioxidant capacity was higher in the FNOV than in the M group. Ovarian hormone deprivation induced a decrease in catalase activity in cardiac and renal tissues and an increase in lipid peroxidation in all tissues analyzed. Positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between vascular sympathetic modulation and lipid peroxidation in cardiac (r = 0.60), renal (r = 0.60), and muscle (r = 0.57) tissues. In conclusion, both oscillation and deprivation of ovarian hormones play an important role in cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress profile in target organs, which is reflected in AP changes.

Effects of dietary different lipid sources on plasma metabolites in silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles

In the current study the plasma metabolites of silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles fed different lipid sources were analyzed in order to bio-monitoring the fish health condition. In this regard, an eight-week feeding trial was conducted using seven isonitrogenous (50%) and isolipidic (20%) experimental diets namely: FO, CO (canola oil), SO (sunflower oil), T (tallow), FC (fish oil + canola oil, 50:50), FS (fish oil + sunflower oil, 50:50) and FT (fish oil + tallow, 50:50). Fish fed with SO diet had the highest liver lipid content. Liver n−9 monounsaturated fatty acids, n−6 and n−3 poly unsaturated fatty acids were highest in fish fed the CO, SO and FO, respectively (P < 0.05). Fish fed FO and T diets had the highest plasma total cholesterol, whereas fish fed CO and SO diets had the highest plasma triglyceride and VLDL levels (P < 0.05). Plasma ALP and ALT were highest in fish fed SO and FO groups, respectively. Fish fed FS diet had the highest plasma TBARS concentration, whereas plasma CAT activity was highest in fish fed FO and FS diets. The results of this study demonstrated that different dietary lipid sources can drastically change fatty acid profile of the liver which consequently can alter different metabolic pathways that can affect plasma metabolite health indices in silvery-black porgy juveniles.

Association between fluid overload and SOFA score kinetics in septic shock patients: a retrospective multicenter study

BackgroundFluid infusion represents one of the cornerstones of resuscitation therapies in order to increase oxygen delivery during septic shock. Fluid overload as a consequence of excessive fluid administration seems to be linked to worse long-term outcome. However, its immediate effect on patient’s clinical state is poorly described. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of FO on SOFA score kinetics as a surrogate marker of organ dysfunction from day 0 to day 5.Material and methodsRetrospective, multicenter, investigator-initiated study. All adult patients (> 18 years old) admitted from January 2012 to April 2017 in one of the three ICUs for septic shock, secondary to peritonitis or pulmonary infection and mechanically ventilated, were included. Univariate analysis was performed with Student’s t and chi-square test, for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A multivariate linear regression model evaluated the impact of FO on delta SOFA score from day 0 to day 5. Secondly, a multivariate mixed-model accounting for repeated measures analyzed the impact of FO on SOFA score kinetics.ResultsOne hundred twenty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into FO and no FO groups. FO occurred in 39% of the patients. The difference between SOFA score at day 0 and day 5 was more than twofold higher in the no FO group than in the FO group with a difference of 2.37 between the two groups (4.52 vs. 2.15; p = 0.001). Cumulative fluid intake at day 5 was higher in the FO group (2738 vs. 8715 ml, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, FO was associated with delta SOFA score: aRR = 0.15 (95% CI 0.03–0.63; p = 0.009). In mixed model, the regression coefficient for fluid overload status (r2 = 1.16; p = 0.014) indicated that the slope for SOFA score kinetic was less pronounced for patients with FO than for patients without FO.ConclusionsFO patients had a more prolonged multi-organ failure according to SOFA score kinetics during septic shock from resuscitation phase to day 5.

Effects of flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplement on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters and severity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of grounded flaxseed and flaxseed oil on serum levels of inflammatory markers, metabolic parameters, and the severity of disease in patients with UC. MethodsIn this open-labeled randomized controlled trial, 90 UC patients were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups for 12 weeks: grounded flaxseed (GF; 30 g/day), flaxseed oil (FO; 10 g/day) and control group. The weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (INF-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)), and fecal calprotectin were measured at the baseline and end of the study. ResultsTotally, 75 patients (43 men and 32 women) with a mean age of 31.54 ± 9.84 years participated in the present study. Comparing the change of the variables indicated a significant decrease in fecal calprotectin (P < 0.001), Mayo score (P < 0.001), ESR (P < 0.001), INF-γ (P < 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P = 0.02), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (P < 0.001), and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in TGF-β (P < 0.001) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-Short form (IBDQ-9) score (P < 0.001) in the GF and FO groups compared to the control. No difference was obvious between the FO and GF groups except for TGF-β. ConclusionThe present study showed that both flaxseed and flaxseed oil, attenuate inflammatory markers, disease severity, blood pressure, and WC. However, the effect of flaxseed on weight and BMI was not evident.

Influences of different arachidonic acid levels and temperature on the growth performance, fatty acid profile, liver morphology and expression of lipid genes in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) juveniles

An 8-week nutritional experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the influences of different arachidonic acid (ARA) levels and two different temperatures (29.5 °C and 26.5 °C) on the growth performance, tissue and whole-body fatty acid (FA) compositions, plasma prostaglandin concentration, liver morphology and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in cobia juveniles. A basal fat-reduced diet was manufactured and subsequently coated with different FA sources, distinct levels of ARA (ARA1, 0.5%; ARA2, 1.2%; and ARA3, 1.9%) and fish oil (FO: 8.8%, as a control diet). All diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isolipidic. Cobia juveniles (5.86 ± 0.40 g) were randomly divided into 24 tanks with 18 animals each. Twelve tanks were kept at 29.5 °C, and 12 tanks were kept at 26.5 °C. The animals were fed twice per day with each experimental diet until apparent satiation in triplicate tanks at both temperatures. The results revealed that the animals maintained at 26.5 °C and fed with the ARA diets exhibited better growth than those fed with the FO diet and kept at 29.5 °C. In contrast to observations in other teleost species, ARA excess did not reduce growth or survival. The FA compositions of the livers, fillets and whole bodies generally reflected the diet compositions, i.e., gradual increases in ARA were observed according to the diet level. Additionally, greater depositions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fillets of the animals from the ARA2 group that was kept at 26.5 °C were observed. The plasma prostaglandin levels were greater in the animals that were kept at 29.5 °C for all experimental diets and in the ARA2 animals compared with the FO groups at both temperatures. The FAS and SREBP-1 expressions in the livers were down-regulated in the ARA1 and ARA2 animals that were maintained at 26.5 °C compared with the animals that were fed the same diets but kept at 29.5 °C. Additionally, SREBP-1 expression was up-regulated in the ARA2 animals compared with the FO animals at both temperatures. The results of this study indicated that ARA inclusion between 0.5 and 1.9% combined with a temperature of 26.5 °C can improve juvenile cobia growth performance and directly influence the modulation of prostaglandin synthesis and the relative expressions of lipid genes.

L-carnitine and fat type in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation modify the fatty acid composition and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in piglets.

This study examined the influence of adding different amounts of maternal dietary l-carnitine and two fat types on fatty acid (FA) composition and the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in piglets. The experiment was designed as a 2×2 factorial with two fat types (3.5% soyabean oil, SO, and 3.5% fish oil, FO) and two levels of l-carnitine (0 and 100mg/kg) added to the sows' diets. A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in sow milk and piglet tissues were observed in the FO groups than in the SO groups. Adding l-carnitine increased the proportion of C16:1 in sow milk and decreased n-3 PUFA in piglet subcutaneous fat. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) was more abundantly expressed in piglets from the FO groups than from the SO groups (p<0.05), whereas stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and ∆6-desaturase (D6D) genes were less expressed in the FO groups compared with piglets from the SO groups. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes was decreased in the SO groups with l-carnitine compared to that of the other dietary treatments. No differences among dietary treatments were observed with regard to the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In conclusion, FO and l-carnitine supplementation in sows affect FA composition and hepatic gene expression in piglets.