AMELIORATIONS OF MEDICINAL FRUIT EXTRACTS ON KIDNEY AGAINST FLUORIDE EXPOSURE IN MICE

Abstract

This research work is the continuation of our previously published data on hepato-histopathological findings of fluoride exposure and the ameliorations by various plant fruit extracts. In the present research paper, we present histopathology patterns and the ameliorations in the kidney- the second vital body organ. Kidneys are amongst the most sensitive body organs. The study included the renal histopathological manifestations associated with exposure to 50ppm fluoride (F) (ad labitum) and the remedial potentials of vitamin E and fruit extracts of vitamin E, olive, strawberry, and pomegranate. 6 groups were made for the study, including 10 male albino mice (Mus musculus). Groups were symbolized as C (Control- no treatment), F (NaF), FE (NaF+VitaminE), FO (NaF+Olive), FP (NaF+Pomegranate) and FS (NaF+ Strawberry). All except the C group were exposed to 50 ppm F- ions (in drinking water) for 10 days, followed by the F free water for 5 days as a refractory period. During this period, 0.2mL of fruit extracts were given every 12hours to the animals NaF groups FE, FO, FP, and FS respectively via gavage. NaF group were recovered on the 16th day without any fruit extract, just with normal feed and drinking water. The kidneys of animals of all groups were dissected on the 16th day for histopathological evaluation. Results indicate modifications in renal histopathology due to fluoride exposure like the increased size of the glomerulus, lesions in the tubules, and the significant micrometric changes including increased CSA of proximal tubular area, enhanced tubular area, and tubular caliber. Ameliorative and nephro-rehabilitative effects against all such changes were observed in FE, FO, FP, and FS groups. The findings showed olive fruit pulp extract to be the most effective solution out of four medicinal fruit pulp extracts for rehabilitating the toxic manifestations of chronic exposure to the low dose of fluoride.