FNAC Findings Research Articles

Fine needle aspiration cytology of Lymphadenopathies

A study of FNAC of Lymphadenopathies” was taken up with objectives of studying the cytological features in lymphadenopathy and categorize them with respect to aetiology, age, sex and site of occurrence. Histopathological correlation of FNAC findings was done, wherever possible.

Comparison of TI-RADS classification with FNAC for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules

Background: Thyroid nodules are very common and its prevalence is largely dependent on the identification techniques. Recently high-resolution ultrasound thyroid imaging has paved the way for significant transformation in clinical approach to thyroid nodule. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of TI-RADS classification and its association with FNAC findings in thyroid lesions.
 Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Radiology of Islamabad Diagnostic Centre, Islamabad for a period of 6 months from 6th January 2018 to 6th July, 2018. All male and female patients presenting with thyroid nodules were selected for the study. Ultrasound neck was performed with high frequency linear probes. Ultrasonography findings were classified according to Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification, as defined by Horvath et al. Patients with TI-RADS II-V were scheduled for US-guided Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). All the specimens were sent to pathology laboratory for cytology (FNAC).
 Results: Total 123 patients of thyroid nodules were studied. Mean age of the patients was 45.78 ± 13.11 years, with a female predominance (73.2%). A significant association was seen between TI-RADS classification of thyroid nodules and findings on cytology. Thyroid nodules with TI-RADS II, III and IV a classification showed benign cytological findings, while TI-RADS class V had a significant association with malignant findings on cytology (P=0.001).
 Conclusions: TI-RADS classification is a reliable modality in differentiating benign thyroid nodules from malignant ones and circumvent the need for FNAC in every case with a thyroid nodule.

Cytomorphological Assessment of FNAC Findings of Thyroid Swellings

Background: There is enormous burden of thyroid diseases in the general population. Among all the endocrine disorders, thyroid disorders are the most common in India. The present study was conducted to assess FNAC findings of thyroid swellings. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 108 patients with thyroid swellings. A thorough clinical examination was performed. USG findings were recorded in the available patients. FNAC was done as per standard protocols. Results: Out of 108 cases, males were 32 and females were 76. Common thyroid swelling was colloid nodular/adenomatous goitre seen in 57 patients followed by Lymphocytic Thyroiditis in 17 patients, simple colloid cyst in 12 patients, follicular neoplasm in 10 patients, toxic goiter (grave's disease) and papillary carcinoma in 03 patients each with insufficient material obtained in 06 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that most common thyroid swelling was colloid nodular/adenomatous goitrefollowed by lymphocytic thyroiditis with sensitivity of FNAC found to be 73.5%.

Pattern of Primary Thyroid Malignancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Among the endocrine malignancies thyroid cancer is the most common. It constitutes a heterogeneous group of malignancies ranking it as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. On health as well as health system it has severe implication. Thyroid cancer incidence is rising most rapidly worldwide. Different thyroid malignancy requires different management strategy. Proper addressing and prompt management of different thyroid malignancies can lessen the suffering.
 Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the pattern of primary thyroid malignancy in a tertiary care hospital.
 Methods: The study was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study and was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka for one-year period following approval of this protocol. Patients suffering from primary thyroid carcinoma admitted in or attending the outpatient department (OPD) in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery was approached for inclusion in the study. Written informed consent was taken from the subject and ethical issues were ensured. A total of 50 individual suffering from primary thyroid carcinoma calculated by sample size formula was selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria and data was collected by interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and by personal document analysis. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS 20 for windows. This study reflects the pattern of primary thyroid malignancy in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
 Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.7 years with SD ± 13.8 years, Minimum age was 17 years and maximum age was 70 years. Majority of the patients (46%) were in the age group of 31- 40 years. Among the participants, 70% were female and 30% were male. The majority of the patients belong to Dhaka and Rangpur divisions (26% & 22% respectively) of which maximum patients were from rural area (70%). By occupation, maximum (22%) of the study subjects were businessman, maximum study subjects were below SSC (24%) and maximum patients (42%) had relatively low income per month. Half of the participants had habit of tobacco. All patients (100%) had presented with palpable thyroid swelling. Among the total participants 54% had lymphadenopathy, 10% had dysphagia, 4% had hoarseness of voice and 4% had lumpiness in throat. Only 2% of patients had the symptom of dyspnoea. No palpable lymph nodes were found in 46% followed by Single node lymphadenopathy 26%, multiple nodules in one side in 18%, bilateral lymphadenopathy 8% and 20% participants had Central compartment lymphadenopathy. USG findings of thyroid revealed Single solid nodule in 22.0%, Single cystic nodule in 16.0%, multiple mixed (solid + cystic) nodules in 62.0% cases. FNAC findings revealed Anaplastic carcinoma in 2.0%, Follicular neoplasm in 16.0% and Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 8.0%. Papillary carcinoma found in maximum 70.0% cases. No lymphoma found whereas medullary carcinoma found in 4.0% cases. Histopathological findings confirmed Anaplastic carcinoma in 4.0%, Follicular carcinoma in 16.0%, Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 8.0% and Papillary carcinoma 68.0% cases. By histopathological examination no lymphoma found whereas medullary carcinoma found in 4.0% cases. Only 24% participants had hypertension and 76% had DM as co-morbid diseases. Distant metastasis of carcinoma was not present in any of the participants.
 Conclusion: In this study, middle age group and female sex prevalent thyroid cancer. Geographical distribution also has an important role. Business, low educational level, low socioeconomic status and tobacco smoking are found the most important risk factors. Histopathologically papillary carcinoma was predominant followed by follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. No lymphoma found.
 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 161-174

Cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma on forearm-Classic FNAC finding

Cutaneous metastasis from internal malignancies are significant from diagnostic point of view considering their variable clinical presentation. Although, carcinoma breast is a common primary cancer in females producing skin metastasis, it is rather an uncommon site as common metastatic sites include lymph node, bone, lung, liver etc. Here we present a case of cutaneous metastasis in a 54 years old female who presented with complaints of a nodular swelling for three years. The skin over the swelling showed discoloration. Patient was a known case of carcinoma breast for which she had been operated on and had received treatment eight years back. FNAC done from the swelling showed typical metastatic foci of infiltrating duct carcinoma. The case is being reported in view of its classical cytological picture and its uncommon site of presentation. Keywords: FNAC, Cutaneous metastasis, Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma(IDC), Cytology.

Clinical, Pathological, Treatment Pattern and Post-management Follow-up Features of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) in a Tertiary Level Health Care Center of Bangladesh

Introduction: This study evaluates clinical, pathological, treatment pattern and post-management follow-up features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma affected patients who had attended Rajshahi Medical College Hospital as well as private clinics and then Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajshahi for primary surgical management and post-operative radioiodine ablation therapy respectively.
 Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study. Clinico-pathological, treatment and post-management follow-up features of 254 patients of histologically proved differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were recorded from their ultrasonography report, pre-operative cytology, operation note, post-operative histopathology and radioiodine ablation therapy related follow-up book between 2011 and 2015 and analyzed using statistical software IBM SPSS v. 16.
 Results: Among the sample (n=254), 211 (83 %) were female and 43 (17 %) were male. Mean age group was 30-39 years. In relation to FNAC findings of thyroid nodules among this study sample (n=254), 223 (88%) had malignant cytology, 16 (6%) had borderline cytology and 15 (6%) had benign cytology. Regarding the histopathological findings of thyroid nodules, 241 (95 %) had papillary carcinoma and 13 (5 %) had follicular carcinoma. Regarding radioiodine ablation dose, 198 (78%) had been given 138 millicurie (5.1 gigabecquerel) and 56 (22%) had been given 178 millicurie (6.6 gigabecquerel).
 Conclusion: Early and successful management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is required to practice widely and equitably in order to significantly reduce mortality and morbidity related to such conditions.
 Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 25-28

Comparison of Gray Scale and Color Doppler Sonography with Cytopathology Findings in Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Tertiary Level Hospital

Introduction: Cervical region is the commonest area of lymphadenopathy which is easily accessible to ultrasound and Doppler study. The morphological and vascular-architectural differences among various nodal diseases aids in differentiating benign from malignant causes.
 Methods: The study was done on the 108 patients referred to Department of Radiology andImaging, TUTH for ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy who subsequently underwentFNAC examination. Gray scale evaluation for morphology of the nodes along with Doppler evaluation for resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and Peak systolic velocity (PSV) were done and correlated with FNAC findings.
 Results: Among the 108 lymph nodes, 24 were proven to be malignant on FNAC. Features such as S/L ratio >0.5, absence of echogenic hilum, and abnormal vascular pattern demonstrated sensitivities of 96%, 92%, and 87%, specificities of 74%, 65% and 77% and positive predictive values (PPVs) of 51%, 43%, and 55% respectively. The cutoff values for RI, PI and PSV were found to be 0.705, 1.34 and 17.5 cm/s with sensitivities of 96%, 96% and 87%, specificities of 95%, 99% and 88% and positive predictive values (PPVs) of 85%, 95% and 70% respectively.
 Conclusion: Ultrasound findings of S/L ratio, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern and Doppler indices revealed good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Age and Gender Distribution of Benign Paediatric Odontogenic Tumor: Experience of 30 Cases in Dhaka City

Background: Odontogenic tumor can occur among children with the variation of different age and gender.
 Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the age and gender distribution of odontogenic benigntumor originated in the oro-facial region among children.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was studied in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2010 to June 2012 for a period of 2 and half year.Children below 18 years of age irrespective of gender, histopathologically diagnosed case of odontogenic tumours were included in this study. Diagnosis of those tumour was done by history, clinical findings and histopathological or cytopathological examination. The clinical, histopathological or FNAC findings were analysed.
 Result: Among the total benign lesions 30 were odontogenic. In the total odontogenic tumour patients 9 cases were odontogenic keratocyst; 9 cases were ameloblastoma; 5 cases were ameloblastic fibroma; 3 cases were odontogenic myxoma and 4 cases were odontogenic fibroma.Among the patients with odontogenic tumours 15 were less than 10 years old and 15 were 10 to 18 years old. Odontogenic Keratocyst was the most common benign tumour (20.0%) cases among less than 10 years of age group. In 10 to 18 years of age group the most common reported benign tumour was Ameloblastoma (21.6%). Male and female ratio was 1.7:1. Among male Ameloblastoma was the most commonly detected benign tumour (17.1%). Among female childrenodontogenic keratocyst was the most reported tumour (18.8%).
 Conclusion: In conclusion the most common odontogenic benign tumour are odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma.
 Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 152-155

Clinicopathological study of asymptomatic thyroid swelling and its correlation with thyroid function tests

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid swelling without symptomatic manifestation is common occurrence and could affect 5 to 20% patients in endemic areas. Majority of them are non neoplastic and may not require surgery. Less than 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Present study was conducted to correlate clinical findings, HRUSG findings, thyroid profile and FNAC findings in patients of asymptomatic thyroid swelling. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Proportion of euthyroid patients was higher compared to hyperthyroid and hypothyroid diagnosed as colloid goiter on FNAC findings (82.4% vs. 0.0% and 12.9%). Proportion of hypothyroid was higher compared to euthyroid and hyperthyroid diagnosed as Follicular adenoma (3.2% vs. 0.0% and 1.2%) and colloid goiter with cystic changes (48.4% vs. 0.0% and 10.6%). Proportion of hyperthyroid compared to hypothyroid and euthyroid patients were higher diagnosed as thyroiditis (75.0% vs. 32.3% and 5.9%) and papillary/medullary CA (25.0% vs. 3.2 and 0.0%). A statistically significant association of FNAC diagnosis and thyroid profile of patients with asymptomatic thyroid swelling was found.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study showed that thyroid dysfunction could play a significant role in determining the underlying pathology behind thyroid swelling and must be evaluated at the earliest using thyroid function tests as the first line of diagnostic tool. In case of suspected thyroid profile; USG neck and FNAC should be done. In view of lack of studies correlating thyroid and clinicopathological profiles of thyroid swellings, further studies to potentiate the present study findings are recommended.</p>

A clinicopathological study of multinodular goitre

Background: Multinodular goitre (MNG) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by an increased volume of the thyroid gland with formation of nodules. The present study has been planned to study the various clinical presentations and diagnostic accuracy between operative findings and histopathological findings in a case of multinodular goitre.Methods: The present study was a hospital-based prospective study conducted in Dr D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune between July 2016 to September 2018. 100 patients aged between 15 to 75 yrs. clinically diagnosed as multinodular goitre were included.Results: FNAC finding of multinodular goitre in the study group showed colloid goitre was seen in 62 cases, 27 cases had multinodular goitre. 6 cases had neoplastic etiology, 3 cases had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 2 cases had papillary carcinoma of thyroid. HPE finding wise distribution showed that 10 cases were malignant, and 90 cases were benign. FNAC finding was significantly associated with histopathological finding in detecting malignant or benign lesion of multinodular thyroid gland and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC is 92%. Clinical finding comparison with operative finding showed that diagnostic accuracy of detecting malignant or benign lesion was only 35%. There was no significant difference among the two methods for detecting type of lesion in multinodular thyroid.Conclusions: Females are predominantly affected. About 8% cases of MNG are malignant. Considering the histopathological report as a gold standard, correlation of FNAC finding with histopathological finding was very much accurate and significant for detecting malignant and benign lesion of multinodular thyroid.

Comparison of surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Objective:To assess the Solitary thyroid nodules by surgeon- performed ultrasound-guided FNAC and evaluate with the histopathological findings.Methods:This study includes 100 Consecutive patients of a solitary thyroid nodule which were presented to the Outpatients Department of Surgery during the period of two years from September 2016 to August 2018. Exclusion criteria were patients with extra-thyroid swelling, diffuse goiter and multinodular goiter. All patients with a solitary thyroid nodule underwent Surgeon –performed ultrasound-guided FNAC in the department of Radiology. After thyroid surgery, thyroid specimens were sent for histopathology and evaluate with FNAC findings.Results:The study included hundred patients with solitary thyroid nodule, 75(75%) female and 25 (25%) male with a ratio of F 3:1M. The age of the patients ranged from 15-75 years with a mean age of 35 years. The result of 100 cases of Surgeon –performed Ultrasound –guide FNAC of a solitary thyroid nodule were inconclusive in 10 cases (10%), Non-neoplastic in 60 cases (60%) and Neoplastic lesions in 30 cases (30%). After evaluation of findings from FNAC and histopathology, four cases with benign FNAC (adenomatous/colloid Goiter) turnout as neoplastic (papillary carcinoma) on histopathology and six cases with neoplastic FNAC (papillary carcinoma), just two cases turnout as benign (nodular colloid goiter with cystic degeneration) on histopathology. In present study Surgeon – performed Us FNAC has found to be 87.5% sensitive, 95.3% specific and 92.0% diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion:Surgeon – performed Ultrasound-guided FNAC is a safe, simple and accurate technique in the diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule.

Study of correlation of sonographic and FNAC findings in hepatic lesions

Study of correlation of sonographic and FNAC findings in hepatic lesions

A study of various FNAC finding of the breast lump at tertiary health care center

A study of various FNAC finding of the breast lump at tertiary health care center

Correlation of Ultrasound Findings and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for the Diagnosis of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Objective: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) is used for the detection of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma (BC). US findings have a good diagnostic accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to correlate the detection of ALN metastases on US with FNAC in BC patients. Study Design: In 75 BC patients, over a period of 9 months (January to September 2017), the size, cortical thickness (CT), presence or absence of hilar fat, and length/width ratio of ALN on US were reviewed and correlated with FNAC findings. Results: The age range was 29–78 (mean 52) years. There were 38 patients with a single ALN and 37 with multiple ALNs. ALNs with a maximum length of > 2.5 cm were malignant in 100% of cases while those ≥1.5 cm were malignant in 80.4%. ALNs with a CT of > 3 mm had metastasis in 78.1% cases. ALNs with absent hilar fat showed tumour in 87.5% cases. A length/width ratio of < 2 showed a metastatic tumour in 66.7% of aspirates. Conclusion: An association was seen between metastatic carcinoma on FNAC and axillary US features of a maximum length of ≥1.5 cm, the absence of hilar fat, and a CT of > 3 mm (p < 0.05).

Availability of immunocytochemistry using cocktail antibody targeting p63/cytokeratin14 for the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma and ductal carcinoma in situ in fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast.

The differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma (FA) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been problematic in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAC) because it has been difficult to differentiate between the "large epithelial clusters" associated with FA and those associated with DCIS. The purpose of this study was to prospectively validate the usefulness of immunocytochemical staining using cocktail antibody targeting p63/CK14 in the differential diagnosis of FA and DCIS. Twenty patients diagnosed as having an uncertain malignant potential (indeterminate) for breast cancer on the basis of a FNAC finding were selected randomly: ten patients with FA and ten with DCIS. The cover glass on a specimen stained with the Papanicolaou stain on a glass slide was peeled off, and the specimen was restained by immunocytochemical staining of cocktail antibody targeting p63 and CK14. Six of the twenty patients were CK14-immunopositive: FA, 6; DCIS, 0. The remaining patients were CK14-immunonegative: FA, 4; DCIS, 10. The number of CK14-immunopositive DCIS patients was significantly different from that of FA patients (P=.0054). Eight out of the twenty patients were p63-immunopositive: FA, 8; DCIS, 0. The remaining patients were p63-immunonegative: FA, 2; DCIS, 10. The number of p63-immunopositive DCIS patients was significantly different from that of FA patients (P=.0004). Immunocytochemical staining using cocktail antibody targeting p63/CK14 was useful for the differential diagnosis of FA and DCIS in FNAC of the breast.

Fine-Needle Aspiration of De Quervain's Thyroiditis (Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis): A Cytological Review of 20 Cases.

De Quervain's Thyroiditis (DQT) is a self limiting inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland that presents with pain and sore throat. Although the diagnosis is usually made clinically, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) may provide assistance, particularly in excluding other thyroid lesions. The objective of this study was to reveal the cytological characteristics of DQT. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and FNAC findings of 20 cases of DQT to find the most reliable features for a confident cytological diagnosis. Among the cases reviewed, the common cytological features present in all 20 cases were follicular epithelial cells with degenerative changes and dirty background comprising of cellular debris and mixed inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and macrophages and occasional polymorphs). The next common finding observed was Multinucleated Giant Cells (MNGCs) seen in 19 cases followed by epithelioid cell clusters in 15 and colloid in 13 cases. Presence of follicular epithelial cells, large MNGCs and dirty background of cellular debris, mixed inflammatory cells with predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages were the most striking and consistent features for diagnosis of DQT in cytological smears. The above findings in consideration with the clinical history will help us to reach a definitive diagnosis. FNA also proves to be a useful tool in excluding other thyroid lesions with similar clinical presentations.

FNAC and Cell Block Study in Thyroid Lesions

The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of cell-block study in combination with FNAC in the diagnosis of different thyroid lesions. This study was a retrospective study of 30 patients with thyroid swellings who came to cytopathology unit in Sree Balaji Medical College. FNAC and cell-blocks performed for each case was reviewed. Cytological results of FNAC were compared to the cell-block histopathological picture. FNAC findings were diagnosed as follows: 16 (61%) as colloid goiter, 4 (5.8%) as Hashimoto thyroiditis, 2 (5.8%) follicular neoplasm without atypia, 2 (2.3%) as follicular neoplasm with atypia, 2 (2.3%) as suspicious of malignancy, 3 (11.7%) papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 1 (1.1%) thyroid carcinoma of undefined category. Insufficient cases were 5 in number. The sensitivity of FNAC in comparison with histopathological results of cell-blocks was 91.6% and specificity was 97.2%. It is advised to perform cell-block for each case of FNAC of thyroid lesions to decrease the pitfalls and to improve the diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions.

Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck masses and its correlation with histopathological findings

Background: A number of masses may develop in the head and neck region and these can also be called swellings, growths, tumors or lumps. Various diseases may affect head and neck region, which present clinically as swellings. Commonly presenting head and neck masses occur within the thyroid, salivary glands and lymph nodes. The evaluation of head and neck mass is a common clinical dilemma and a condition which clinicians routinely encounter. It is evident that their early diagnoses provide the best chance of successful treatment. FNAC is a simple, quick and cost effective method to sample superficial masses found in the head and neck region. An early differentiation of benign from malignant pathology greatly influences the planned treatment. FNAC can be both diagnostic and therapeutic in cystic swellings. Methods: The present Retro prospective study (Prospective for one year from January 2013 to December 2013 along with five year retrospective from January 2008 to December 2012) was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College and associated Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur. Cases for prospective study were selected from patients presented with head and neck masses attending the ENT OPD and indoor patients. Two techniques were used to perform FNAC. (Aspiration technique and Non-aspiration technique) After FNAC of head and neck lesions follow up of cases was done for histopathological examination. Final histopathological diagnosis was compared with the FNAC findings to assess the accuracy of cytodiagnosis. Results: A total of 12,514 FNACs done during six years, 1874 (14.9%) cases were diagnosed as head and neck lesions. Of the total 1874 cases of head and neck lesions, lymph node lesions were the commonest, accounting for 50.8% of cases. Thyroid and salivary gland lesions constituted 32.6% and 10.4% respectively. Analysis of FNAC of thyroid lesions, discordance was found more in malignant (11.8%) as compared to benign lesions, while Discordance was found more in benign lesion (12.4%) as compared to malignant lesion aspirates in lymph node lesions. Conclusions: FNAC is having a high diagnostic rate to differentiate benign and malignant lesions.

Cytological and histopathological correlation of lymph node swellings

Background & Objectives: Lymph node swellings are one of the commonest clinical presentation of patients and it encompasses a wide spectrum ranging from inflammation to a malignant lymphoma or a more obnoxious metastatic malignancy. The objective of the study was to study the role of FNAC in the evaluating lymph node swellings of various sites in the body and to understand the various cytological patterns of FNAC in correlation with histopathology of lymph node swelling. Methods: Patients referred to the Department of Pathology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Hospital and its allied branches, Princess Esra Hospital for palpable lymph node swelling on whom FNAC procedure was performed were included in the study. FNAC diagnosis of patients was compared with histopathology in cases which underwent surgical excision and its diagnostic accuracy was studied. Results: Out of 300 cases which included in the study, lymph node biopsy was carried out in 100 cases. Most were in 31 to 40 years. Gender wise, there was female preponderance. Cervical group of lymph node were most affected. Benign lymphadenopathies were diagnosed in 81% of cases. Metastatic deposits were diagnosed in 14% of cases. Lymphomas contributed to 5% cases. On correlation of FNAC findings with histipathology, overall correlation rate was 93%. Interpretation & Conclusion: FNAC of lymph nodes is an excellent first line method to investigate the nature of lesions as it is economical and an easy alternative to open biopsy. Keywords: FNAC, Histopathologicay, Biopsy

Role of radiologically guided FNAC in determining the lesions of spine

Introduction: The vertebral column is an important site for occurrence of different variety of inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. The advantages of the image guide FNAC are: Minimal invasive, relatively inexpensive, accurate, outdoor procedure, minimal complication, takes shorter time for diagnosis and can be repeated. Objective: find out relation between diagnosis made by radiological guided FNAC and clinoco-radiological findings. Methodology: The present cross-sectional hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, G.R.M.C., Gwalior from Nov. 2011 to March 2014. Patients of age 5 yrs and above with neurological signs and symptoms due to spinal lesions having normal coagulation profile and consenting to participate were included in the study. Each under went clinic-radiological examination and radiologically guided FNAC. Results: All the patients who were clinic-radiologically suspected as case of Pott's spine were confirmed on FNAC as Pott's spine (35 out of 35). The patients in whom metastasis was presumptive diagnosis, on FNAC only 9 out of 21 i.e. 42.86% turned out to have metastases of spine, rest of the patients were found to have Pott's spine (7 i.e. 33.33%), multiple myeloma (4 i.e. 19.05%) on cytological confirmation. Conclusion: Patients with Pott’s spine should undergo radiologically guided FNAC as a routine part of their work up to rule out metastasis of the spine.