Fluorocarbon Molecules Research Articles

Adsorber Charge Dominates over Hydrophobic or Fluorophilic Functionalization in Influencing Adsorption of PFCA onto Polystyrene Resins

AbstractA systematic series of industrial‐relevant polystyrene‐based anion exchange resins that are functionalized with hydro‐ or fluorocarbon chains are compared regarding their adsorption behavior toward perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) in respect to their charge, chain length, and type of chain. The results clearly show the dominance of electrostatic interactions in the adsorption process as uncharged adsorber materials showed no adsorption at all. In contrast, the charged adsorber materials showed in general a PFCA removal of 80% to 30% over the experiment depending on effluent fraction. Unexpectedly, for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) the highest removal rate is found with consistently >90%. Despite observing significant benefits in the adsorption of PFCA for fluoroalkylated adsorbers in comparison to their non‐fluorinated counterparts, this effect of fluoroalkylation is comparatively small and can not be clearly attributed to fluorophilic interactions between the fluoroalkyl chains. These findings help clarifying that the introduction of fluorocarbon moieties in adsorber materials is not necessary in order to remove fluorocarbon molecules from the environment.

Efficiency of high energy fluorocarbon molecule bombardment for fast etch rate and its limitation: A molecular dynamics study

The RF power of the High Aspect Ratio (HAR) patterning equipment used for 3D NAND memory etching processes rapidly increased recently. However, despite implementing higher ion energy, its effect on increasing the etch rate is not satisfactory. This letter studies the energy transfer efficiency between bombarding fluorocarbon (FC) molecules and the SiO2 substrate, and discusses the limitation of securing the etch rate by high-energy FC molecules.

The role of nitrogen addition in C4F8/Ar plasma to modulate the plasma process from polymerization to etching

Low-pressure C4F8-based plasmas are widely employed during semiconductor fabrication processes, including deposition or etching with various gas mixtures. Oxygen gas, which suppresses the deposited layer via oxygen atom etching and increases the atomic fluorine density, is often added to the plasma to regulate polymer thickness. However, oxygen atoms are known to potentially cause severe damage to the devices and deteriorate the polymer-based surfaces. In this work we investigated the effects of substituting nitrogen for oxygen in C4F8/Ar plasmas. The addition of nitrogen dramatically reduced the thickness of the deposited layer on the Si substrate from 194.3 nm to 3.4 nm. Cross-sectional views of the Si substrate show that the interaction between the plasma and surface was switched from polymerization to etching by the introduction of nitrogen, as the CF2 radical density in the plasma decreased from 1.45 × 1020 m−3 to 1.18 × 1020 m−3 while the F atom density increased from 0.16 × 1020 m−3 to 0.43 × 1020 m−3. Plasma spectroscopy and surface analysis revealed that, the nitrogen atoms in the plasma were capable of scavenging the fluorocarbon molecules involved in polymer deposition through the formation of CN molecules and release of F atoms.

Polymer Modification of Surface Electronic Properties of Electrocatalysts.

Finding alternative ways to tailor the electronic properties of a catalyst to actively and selectively drive reactions of interest has been a growing research topic in the field of electrochemistry. In this Letter, we investigate the tuning of the surface electronic properties of electrocatalysts via polymer modification. We show that when a nickel oxide water oxidation catalyst is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, stable Ni–CFx bonds are introduced at the nickel oxide/polymer interface, resulting in shifting of the reaction selectivity away from the oxygen evolution reaction and toward hydrogen peroxide formation. It is shown that the electron-withdrawing character of the surface fluorocarbon molecule leaves a slight positive charge on the water oxidation intermediates at the adjacent active nickel sites, making their bonds weaker. The concept of modifying the surface electronic properties of an electrocatalyst via stable polymer modification offers an additional route to tune multipathway reactions in polymer/electrocatalyst environments, like with ionomer-modified catalysts or with membrane electrode assemblies.

Synergistic Interface Layer Optimization and Surface Passivation with Fluorocarbon Molecules toward Efficient and Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells.

Large-size organic halide passivation has been considered an efficient approach to enhance the perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency and stability. Herein, a facile posttreatment strategy was demonstrated, wherein trifluoromethyl-phenethylamine hydrobromide (CF3-PEABr) is firstly used to passivate the perovskite film surface. The CF3-PEABr surface posttreatment could coordinate with halide dangling bonds that exist at the perovskite crystal surface. Moreover, the surface treatment with CF3-PEABr could efficiently passivate the defects in the perovskite film and suppress the nonradiative carrier recombination. As a result, a high efficiency of 21.3% is obtained, and an increment of 80 mV in Voc (a large Voc of 1.15 V, with a 0.42 V voltage deficit) occurs, compared to the control device. To relieve the hydrophobic nature properties of the -CF3 functional group and the dewetting problem of PCBM layer deposition, a surfactant Triton X-100 is used to modify the PCBM layer. Furthermore, the devices with CF3-PEABr posttreatment exhibit better operational, thermal (85°C), and long storage stabilities without any encapsulation.

Facile fabrication of micro/nano-structured wrinkles by controlling elastic properties of polydimethylsiloxane substrates

Multiscale wrinkled structures are widely used in practical applications, such as smart adhesion, surface engineering, and stretchable electronics owing to their easy and low-cost strategy for controlling surface morphologies. This study demonstrates a facile technique for creating multiscale wrinkles of fluorocarbon thin films deposited on soft and stiff polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by regulating the elastic properties of the substrates. The elastic properties of the substrates were changed by varying the crosslinking temperatures and the amount of crosslinking agent. The wrinkling structures were strongly influenced by the elastic properties of the substrate during a fluorocarbon polymer sputtering process. For the stiff PDMS substrates, wrinkles with periodic and sinusoidal patterns were observed due to the thermal compression of the bilayer system after deposition. Spontaneous hierarchical structures were generated on soft PDMS substrates by the penetration of fluorocarbon molecules into the PDMS substrates during the sputtering process.

Robust anti-icing superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surfaces by grafting fluorocarbon molecular chains

Infusion of low surface tension liquids in nanostructured surfaces is currently used to promote an anti-icing response, although the long term stability of these systems is often jeopardized by losses of the infused liquid. In this work, we propose an alternative to the infusion procedure to induce a more effective and long lasting anti-icing capacity. The method consists of a combination of surface nanostructuration with the chemical grafting of fluorocarbon molecules. Al6061 substrates have been subjected to laser roughening and further modified with a nanostructured Al2O3 thin film to achieve a dual roughness and porous surface state. These surfaces have been subjected to a grafting treatment with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) vapor or, for comparative purposes, infused with a low surface tension liquid. A comparative analysis of the wetting, water condensation and anti-icing properties of these two systems showed an outstandingly better performance for the grafted surfaces with respect to the infused ones. Grafted surfaces were markedly superhydrophobic and required higher water vapor pressures to induce condensation. When looking for their anti-icing capacity, they presented quite long freezing delay times for supercooled water droplets (i.e. almost four hours) and exhibited a notably low ice accretion in a wind tunnel test. The high aging resistance and durability of these grafted surfaces and the reproducibility of the results obtained when subjected to successive ice accretion cycles show that molecular grafting is an efficient anti-icing methodology that, in aggressive media, may outperform the classical infusion procedures. The role of the fluorocarbon chains anchored on the surface in inducing an anti-icing functionality is discussed.

Curvature sculptured growth of plasmonic nanostructures by supramolecular recognition

Nanoscale curvature is an important and powerful tool in understanding and tailoring chemical/surface functionalities of nanostructures that dictate a host of important applications from biochemical recognitions, catalysis to spectroscopy. However, it is a critical challenge in materials chemistry to rationally shape the local nanoscale curvatures of colloidal nanoparticles during the growth owing to the constraints of their flat facets. Here we demonstrate a synthetic mechanism that could cooperatively mediate local nanoparticle surface curvature patchiness and shape symmetries during one-step colloidal growth. The idea is to tailor host-guest supramolecular recognition using fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon molecules that regulate interfacial energy during the nanoparticle growth. Such delicate regulation enables a degree of freedom in control over the local nanoparticle curvatures during the growth, resulting in intriguing plasmonic properties. More interestingly, a morphological shape transformation was induced by such curvature changes from anisotropic nanorods to isotropic nanospheres. This unique approach of the spontaneous curvature/structural transformation of plasmonic nanoparticles exploits the mutual interplay between competing supramolecules and colloidal growth. It may ultimately allow for accurate controlling nanoscale objects with varied degree of complexity that could open the door to a myriad of surface chemical, optical, and biomedical applications.

Adsorption characteristics of silane-functionalized perfluoropolyether on hydroxylated glassy silica surfaces: A multiscale approach

The adsorption mechanism and the structural features of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-containing layers from silane-functionalized derivate (SPFPE) on hydroxylated glassy silica surfaces are systematically investigated by utilizing density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that each individual SPFPE molecule tends to be chemisorbed on the silica surface by forming a single siloxane bond regardless of the number of reactive branches in the functional end group of the SPFPE molecules. We also reveal that the formation of multiple siloxane bonds between a single SPFPE molecule and the hydroxylated silica surfaces is hindered by not only the constraint on geometrical optimization of the absorbed molecule but also the pre-existing hydrogen bonds between adjacent hydroxyl groups on the surfaces. With a structural analysis, the adsorption orientation of SPFPE molecules is predicted as parallel to the silica surface, which induces low surface coverage (~0.31 molecules/nm2) and sub-nano thickness (~8 Å) of the absorbed PFPE-containing layer. These adsorption characteristics are distinct from those of self-assembled monolayers consisting of fluorocarbon or hydrocarbon molecules. We believe that the fundamental understanding of adsorption mechanism and molecular morphology of the PFPE-containing layers demonstrated in this study can contribute to developing new advanced anti-fouling materials with improved mechanical property.

Polyelectrolyte Coatings Can Control Charged Fluorocarbon Nanodroplet Stability and Their Interaction with Macrophage Cells

Fluorocarbon nanodroplets, ∼100 to ∼400 nm in diameter, are of immense interest in a variety of medical applications including the imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, fluorocarbon molecules are both hydrophobic and lipophobic; therefore, it is challenging to synthesize fluorocarbon nanodroplets with the optimal stability and surface properties without the use of highly specialized surfactants. Here, we hypothesize that we can decouple the control of fluorocarbon nanodroplet size and stability from its surface properties. We use a simple, two-step procedure where standard, easily available anionic fluorosurfactants are used to first stabilize the fluorocarbon nanodroplets, followed by electrostatically attaching functionalized polyelectrolytes to the nanodroplet surfaces to independently control their surface properties. Herein, we demonstrate that PEGylated polyelectrolyte coatings can effectively alter the fluorocarbon nanodroplet surface properties to reduce coalescence and its uptake into phagocytic cells in comparison with non-PEGylated polyelectrolyte coatings and uncoated nanodroplets, as measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In this study, perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) was used as a representative fluorocarbon material, and PEGylated PFOB nanodroplets with diameters between 250 and 290 nm, depending on the poly(ethylene glycol) block length, were prepared. The PEGylated PFOB nanodroplets had superior size stability in comparison with uncoated and non-PEGylated polyelectrolyte nanodroplets in saline and within macrophage cells. Of significance, non-PEGylated nanodroplets were rapidly internalized by macrophage cells, whereas PEGylated nanodroplets were predominantly colocalized on the cell membrane. This suggests that the PEGylated-polyelectrolyte coating on the charged PFOB nanodroplets may afford adjustable shielding from cells of the reticuloendothelial system. This report shows that using the same fluorosurfactant as a base layer, modularly assembled PFOB nanodroplets tailored for a variety of end applications can be created by selecting different polyelectrolyte coatings depending on their unique requirements for stability and interaction with phagocytic cells.

Fluorocarbon Exposure Mode Markedly Affects Phospholipid Monolayer Behavior at the Gas/Liquid Interface: Impact on Size and Stability of Microbubbles

Although most phospholipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) investigated for medical applications are stabilized by a fluorocarbon (FC) gas, information on the interactions between the phospholipid and FC molecules at the gas/water interface remains scarce. We report that the procedure of introduction of perfluorohexane (F-hexane), that is, either in the gas phase above dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir monolayers, or in the aqueous subphase, radically affects the compression isotherms. When introduced in the gas phase, F-hexane is rapidly incorporated in the interfacial film, but is also readily desorbed upon compression and eventually totally expelled from the phospholipid monolayers. By contrast, when introduced in the aqueous phase, F-hexane remains trapped at the interface. These dissimilar outcomes demonstrate that the phospholipid monolayer acts as a barrier that effectively hinders the transfer of the FC across the interfacial film. F-hexane was also found to significantly accelerate the adsorption kinetics of the phospholipids at the gas/water interface and to lower the interfacial tension, as assessed by bubble profile analysis tensiometry. The extent of these effects is more pronounced when F-hexane is provided from the gas phase. The size and stability characteristics of DMPC- and DPPC-shelled microbubbles were also found to depend on how the FC is introduced. As compared to reference MBs prepared under nitrogen only, introduction of F-hexane always causes a decrease in MB mean radius. However, while for DMPC this decrease depends on the F-hexane introduction procedure, it is independent from the procedure and most pronounced (from ∼2.0 μm to ∼1.0 μm) for DPPC. Introducing the FC in the gas phase has the strongest effect on MB half-life (t1/2 = ∼1.8 and 6.8 h for DMPC and DPPC, respectively), as compared to when it is delivered through the aqueous phase (∼0.8 and ∼1.7 h). Fluorocarbonless reference DMPC and DPPC bubbles had a half-life of ∼0.5 and 0.8 h, respectively. The effects of F-hexane on MB characteristics are discussed with regard to the interactions between phospholipids and F-hexane and monolayer fluidization effect, as revealed by the Langmuir and tensiometric studies.

Molecular dynamics simulation of hydrocarbon molecule adsorption on kaolinite (0 0 1) surface

Molecular dynamics simulation method was used to systematically study the adsorption configuration, density distribution and adsorption energy of H2O, CO2, CH4, N2, C8H18 and fluorocarbon molecules C3F8 and C5F12 on kaolinite (0 0 1) surface. The enrichment characteristics of fluid molecules and the stability of adsorption configuration under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions are analyzed and discussed. The study shows that under the condition of reservoir temperature and pressure, the fluid molecules exhibit stratified adsorption characteristics on kaolinite (0 0 1) surface, in which the first adsorption layer has a higher regional density and the adsorption molecules are arrested by a higher free energy potential well, and the temperature and pressure have no significant influence on the potential barrier, meaning a adsorption phase state with ordered structure and stable configuration. In second and third adsorption layers, it was found that the free energy potentials well are lower, and the fluid is in a transition phase state with lower stability. The adsorption energy and free energy calculation results of the adsorption system show that the seven kinds of fluids are adsorbed on the kaolinite (0 0 1) surface in the order of H2O > C3F8 > C5F12 > C8H18 > CO2 > CH4 > N2. The water and fluorocarbon molecules, which have a much larger binding energy than the C8H18 and CH4 molecules, can displace oil and gas molecules in kaolinite reservoirs, while carbon dioxide can only displace methane molecules adsorbed on the kaolinite surface. It has been shown that as the increase of temperature and pressure, the binding energy of water molecules and C3F8 decreases significantly, but the binding energy of C5F12, C8H18, CO2 and methane molecules increases by 20%, 36%, 50% and 90% respectively, indicating that water flooding and C5F12 surfactant flooding can enhance oil recovery under high temperature and pressure conditions.

Innovative hybrid fluorocarbon coating on UV/ozone surface modified wool substrate

In an attempt to enhance the desired properties of textile substrates, hybrid fluorocarbon coating of the wool substrate together with UV/O3 treatment was investigated. The application of fluorocarbons on the wool fabrics was found to have some processing problems due to the chemistry and structure of the wool fiber surface. Therefore, in this research, the use of UV/Ozone as a promising and environmentally friendly fast treatment for the surface modification of the wool substrate was studied. Both-sided UV/Ozone irradiation, in comparison to only one-sided UV/Ozone irradiation, resulted in the slightly better performance as evaluated for both pad-dry-cure and print-dry-cure fluorocarbon finishing treatments. By this novel hybrid finishing, the fabric outside finished with the fluorochemical exhibited hydrophobicity with 3M water repellency of 10 and the fabric inner side, which was in contact with the human body, kept its natural desirable moisture absorption. The UV/Ozone pre-treatment, by oxidizing the topmost layer of the fibers surface, imparted better durability of the fluorocarbon treatment to repeated washings and abrasion. However, UV/Ozone irradiation process could not overcome the drawback of fluorocarbon molecules reorientation after washing and/or abrasion, but the samples retrieved their hydrophobicity after hot-pressing. Overall, after the application of this novel method (both-sided UV/Ozone modified and then fluorochemical finish treated via the print-dry-cure process) on wool fabric, the inner side of the wool fabric, which was next to the skin, could provide desirable comforting moisture absorption for human body and protect the human skin from the negative hydrophobic effects of fluorocarbon chains; moreover, the outer side of the wool fabric exhibited highly durable (to repeated washings and abrasion) water and oil repellency properties to the outside world, helping the wool fabric display better dimensional stability with less shrinkage performance after repeated washings and higher air-permeability performance without detrimental effects on the tensile properties.

Modeling of the effect of fluorocarbon gases on the properties of phospholipid monolayers and the adsorption dynamics of their aqueous solutions or dispersions

An equation of state for insoluble monolayers was applied to describe the isotherms of phospholipids measured in presence of a fluorocarbon in the gas phase. The observed co-adsorption mechanism of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the fluorocarbon molecules manifests itself in remarkable differences of the cohesion surface pressure Π coh. Due to the interaction of the adsorbed fluorocarbon molecules with DPPC, the mutual interaction energy between DPPC molecules is reduced, leading to a very effective fluidization of the monolayer. Equilibrium and dynamic surface tension data taken from literature for phospholipids adsorbed from an aqueous solution or dispersion, in absence and presence of perfluorohexane (PFH) in the adjacent vapor phase, have been analyzed by the proposed theory. It was found that the adsorption equilibrium constant for dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine (di-C8PC) is increased in the presence of PFH and the intermolecular interaction between the components is strong. The dynamic surface tensions of the given systems are described by a diffusion-controlled adsorption mechanism.

Robust Superamphiphobic Nanoscale Copper Sheet Surfaces Produced by a Simple and Environmentally Friendly Technique

In this study, robust nanoscale superamphiphobic (SAP) copper (Cu) sheet surfaces are obtained with an exceptionally simple and environmentally friendly technique. Copper oxide nanostructures are imparted onto the Cu sheet surface by a facile treatment of the surfaces with hot de‐ionized water (≈80 °C) for different time periods. A morphological transformation starting from cube‐like nanostructures associated with Cu2O to leaf‐like nanostructures of CuO with the progress in treatment time is observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and laser scanning microscopy (LSM) analysis confirm the formation of copper oxide nanostructures. Consequently, the wetting properties of the treated Cu sheet surfaces toward water and organic liquids is varied after the surface energy reduction of the nanostructures with long chain fluorocarbon molecules of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFDCS). The leaf‐like nanostructured CuO surfaces demonstrate SAP properties with a water contact angle (CA) as high as 160° and organic liquid CAs of around 150°. The robustness of the obtained SAP Cu sheet surface is confirmed after being exposed to a stream of both water and organic liquids, annealed under various temperatures in ambient environment, and ultra‐sonicated in acetone for various time periods.

Controlling the nanostructure and stability of a-C:H:N plasma polymers

Plasma polymer films might exhibit nanostructures when deposited under particular deposition conditions. While mainly mild plasma conditions favor the growth of nanostructures, this work investigates the formation of nanopores in amino-containing hydrocarbon (a-C:H:N) films that show mechanical stability against abrasion and thus strongly enhance the permanence of chemically attached long-chain fluorocarbon molecules. By examining gas phase and surface processes during film growth, it is assumed that the rather large interconnected voids (>3nm pore sizes) are caused by incorporation of terminal amino groups as well as ion-induced effects enhancing surface mobility and cross-linking. Rather large molecules can thus penetrate the plasma polymer films and can be bound to functional groups throughout the film thickness. Using for example long-chain fluorocarbon molecules, the attached monolayer is thus protected, while its hydrophobic CF3 end-groups align to the outside resulting in high oil repellence grades. While amino-rich plasma polymers undergo severe aging effects, the films tend to stabilize when their amino groups have reacted with further chemical molecules.

Experimental study on the formation of higher fluorocarbons from CF4 by a tip–tip electrical arc discharge at very high pressure

This work presents the study of the synthesis of higher fluorocarbons from tetrafluoromethane (CF4) with a plasma process based on the generation of a tip–tip electrical discharge at very high pressure. A series of experiments were performed using a He/CF4 mixture with a ratio 60/40% at a pressure of 2MPa to investigate the effects of two modes of treatment: a continuous mode and an intermittent mode including a 30s relaxation time between two successive discharges. The study shows the production of low quantities of saturated fluorocarbons (C2F6 and C3F8) at the experimental conditions employed. It also shows the intermittent mode of treatment to be more efficient in the synthesis of the saturated C2 and C3 fluorocarbon molecules in comparison to the continuous mode. The continuous treatment mode leads to unfavorable kinetics of synthesis for a given discharge duration while the intermittent treatment mode leads to an increase of higher fluorocarbon production with the number of discharges.

Anti-sticking layers for nickel-based nanoreplication tools

Nickel is the preferred material for molds used in high throughput micro injection molding and roll-to-roll processes. We present different solutions for anti-sticking layers for nickel-based nanoreplication tools, which are highly desired for replication of features in the sub-micrometer and nanometer scale. Layers of fluorocarbon molecules, bound to nickel via different head groups, were evaluated via friction force and contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and imprint tests. The robustness of fluorinated phosphates and phosphonates applied to nickel pre-treated in oxygen plasma is similar to silanes used on silicon molds.

Electron ionization of open/closed chain isocarbonic molecules relevant in plasma processing: theoretical cross sections.

In this paper, we report theoretical electron impact ionization cross sections from threshold to 2000 eV for isocarbonic open chain molecules C4H6, C4H8, C4F6 including their isomers, and closed chain molecules c-C4H8 and c-C4F8. Theoretical formalism employed presently, viz., Complex Scattering Potential-ionization contribution method has been used successfully for a variety of polyatomic molecules. The present ionization calculations are very important since results available for the studied targets are either scarce or none. Our work affords comparison of C4 containing hydrocarbon versus fluorocarbon molecules. Comparisons of the present ionization cross sections are made wherever possible, and new ionization data are also presented.

Bioinspired Synthesis of a Soft-Nanofilament-Based Coating Consisting of Polysilsesquioxanes/Polyamine and Its Divergent Surface Control

The synthesis of polysilsesquioxanes coating with controllable one-dimensional nanostructure on substrates remains a major long-term challenge by conventional solution-phase method. The hydrolytic polycondensation of organosilanes in solution normally produces a mixture of incomplete cages, ladderlike, and network structures, resulting in the poor control of the formation of specific nanostructure. This paper describes a simple aqueous process to synthesize nanofilament-based coatings of polysilsesquioxanes possessing various organo-functional groups (for example, thiol, methyl, phenyl, vinyl, and epoxy). We utilized a self-assembled nanostructured polyamine layer as a biomimetically catalytic scaffold/template to direct the formation of one-dimensional nanofilament of polysilsesquioxanes by temporally and spatially controlled hydrolytic polycondensation of organosilane. The surface nanostructure and morphology of polysilsesquioxane coating could be modulated by changing hydrolysis and condensation reaction conditions, and the orientation of nanofilaments of polysilsesquioxanes on substrates could be controlled by simply adjusting the self-assembly conditions of polyamine layer. The nanostructure and polyamine@polysilsesquioxane hybrid composition of nanofilament-based coatings were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The template role of nanostructured polyamine layer for the formation of polysilsesquioxane nanofilament was confirmed by combining thin film X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS measurements. Moreover, these nanotextured coatings with various organo-functional groups could be changed into superhydrophobic surfaces after surface modification with fluorocarbon molecule.