Fluorescent Tubes Research Articles

PENERAPAN WARNA LAMPU TUBE LUMINESCENT DALAM MENENTUKAN EMOSI TOKOH PADA FILM LOVE FOR SALE 2

Fictional films are entertainment media created by a group of filmmakers and presented to the audience with stories and audio-visual techniques. Qualitative descriptive research, a research process that tries to get descriptive speech or writing. The use of luminescent tube lights in the film Love for Sale 2 has meaning in every scene.The color of the luminescent tube lights cannot be placed in just any place because the location of the luminescent tube lights can represent the emotions of each character, such as when Ican and Poppy first dated, the luminescent tube lights differentiated the emotion between the blue neon around Poppy which meant Poppy has cold emotions while orange is on the side of Ican, who is Poppy’s opponent, who has warm emotions, a dispute between Ros’ neighbors and Ros, whose red luminescent tube lamp is in the middle of them.

Effect of storing conditions (lighting, temperature and bottle color) on rosé wine attributes

The majority of rosé wines are bottled in clear bottles as color is an important factor in consumer preference. Post-bottling wine can be exposed to UV–visible light and temperature fluctuations resulting in quality degradation. This study investigated the impact of bottle color (flint and antique green), light exposure (darkness, LED and fluorescent bulb), and temperature (12 °C and 22 °C) on rosé wine quality using a full factorial design with three different wines (Grenache, Pinot noir and Zinfandel). The impact on chemical composition, color, phenolics and aromatics was determined. Projective mapping was carried out for sensorial analysis. Changes in the aromatics, color and phenolic composition were detectable after three months and more noticeable after six months of storage. Overall, all variables studied impacted rosé wine characteristics significantly. However, higher temperature in combination with clear glass bottles under fluorescent light were the most detrimental conditions.

Validation of quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using a fluorescent distance-based paper device for detection of Escherichia coli in urine

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes up to 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) which is more prevalent among females than males. In urine, patients with symptomatic UTI usually have a high concentration of bacterial infection, ≥ 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL, in which the culture method is regularly the gold standard diagnosis. In this study, a simple and inexpensive distance-based paper device (dPAD) combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay was validated for simultaneously screening and semi-quantifying the infection level of E. coli in 440 urine samples of patients with UTI. The dPAD could measure the LAMP amplicons and semi-quantify the levels of E. coli infection in heavy (≥ 104 CFU/mL), light (≤ 103 CFU/mL) and no infection. The sensitivity and specificity had reliable performances, achieving as high as 100 and 92.7%, respectively. The one step LAMP assay could be performed within 3 h, which was 7.5 times faster than the culture method. To empower early UTI diagnosis and fast treatment, this inexpensive dPAD tool combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay is simple, reliably fast and practically portable for point-of-care settings, particularly in resource-limited areas, which can be set up in all levels of healthcare facilities.

Research Note: Irritating flashing light or poultry-friendly lighting—are flicker frequencies of LED luminaires a potential stress factor in the husbandry of male fattening turkeys?

Conventional fluorescent tubes are increasingly being replaced with innovative light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting poultry houses. However, little is known about whether the flicker frequencies of LED luminaires are potential stressors in poultry husbandry. The term "light flicker" describes the fluctuations in the brightness of an electrically operated light source caused by the design and/or control of the light source. In this context, the critical flicker frequency (CFF) characterizes the frequency at which a sequence of light flashes is perceived as continuous light. It is known that CFF in birds is higher than that in humans and that light flicker can affect behavioral patterns and stress levels in several bird species. As there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of flicker frequency on fattening turkeys, this study aimed to investigate the effects of flicker frequency on the behavior, performance, and stress response in male turkeys. In 3 trials, a total of 1,646 male day-old turkey poults of the strain B.U.T. 6 with intact beaks were reared for 20 wk in 12 barn compartments of 18 m² each. Each barn compartment was illuminated using 2 full-spectrum LED lamps. Flicker frequencies of 165 Hz, 500 Hz, and 16 kHz were set in the luminaires to illuminate the compartments. Analyses of feather corticosterone concentration were performed on fully grown third-generation primaries (P 3) of 5 turkeys from each compartment. No significant differences were found in the development of live weight, feed consumption, or prevalence of injured or killed turkeys by conspecifics reared under the above flicker frequencies. The flicker frequencies also did not significantly influence feather corticosterone concentrations in the primaries of the turkeys. In conclusion, the present results indicate that flicker frequencies of 165 Hz or higher have no detrimental effect on growth performance, injurious pecking, or endocrine stress response in male turkeys and, thus, may be suitable for use as animal-friendly lighting.

Photochemical renoxification on commercial indoor photoactive paint

Surface chemistry plays an important role in the indoor environment owing to the large indoor surface to volume ratio. This study explores the photoreactivity of surfaces painted with a photoactive paint in the presence of NOx. Two types of experiments are performed; illumination of painted surfaces with a nitrate deposit and illumination of painted surfaces in the presence of gaseous NO. For both types of experiments, illumination with a fluorescent bulb causes the greatest change in measured gaseous NOx concentrations. Results show that relative humidity and paint composition play an important role in the photoreactivity of indoor painted surfaces. Painted surfaces could contribute to gas-phase oxidant concentrations indoors.

Diversity of gene expression responses to light quality in barley

Light quality influence on barley development is poorly understood. We exposed three barley genotypes with either sensitive or insensitive response to two light sources producing different light spectra, fluorescent bulbs, and metal halide lamps, keeping constant light intensity, duration, and temperature. Through RNA-seq, we identified the main genes and pathways involved in the genotypic responses. A first analysis identified genotypic differences in gene expression of development-related genes, including photoreceptors and flowering time genes. Genes from the vernalization pathway of light quality-sensitive genotypes were affected by fluorescent light. In particular, vernalization-related repressors reacted differently: HvVRN2 did not experience relevant changes, whereas HvOS2 expression increased under fluorescent light. To identify the genes primarily related to light quality responses, and avoid the confounding effect of plant developmental stage, genes influenced by development were masked in a second analysis. Quantitative expression levels of PPD-H1, which influenced HvVRN1 and HvFT1, explained genotypic differences in development. Upstream mechanisms (light signaling and circadian clock) were also altered, but no specific genes linking photoreceptors and the photoperiod pathway were identified. The variety of light-quality sensitivities reveals the presence of possible mechanisms of adaptation of winter and facultative barley to latitudinal variation in light quality, which deserves further research.

A functional decision support system for management of Graphiola leaf spot (Graphiola phoenicis) disease during hardening of date palm tissue cultured plants in a greenhouse

A functional decision support system (DSS) was developed through optimising values of parameters favour faster growth and development of tissue cultured plantlets of date palm and suppression of disease infection. The programming of control devices was further managed based on the ambient environmental conditions, which required variable simulation periods and a plan for controlling of all systems for maintaining the greenhouse environment. During the process of plant hardening, the plants were infected by Graphiola leaf spot (Graphiola phoenicis). The moderate temperature, and high humidity inside the greenhouse, accompanied by short days and frequent occurrence of fog during winter months, favoured the development of smut infection. It is required to manage an extended photoperiod for 16 hours with 15000 lux light intensity provided by white fluorescent tube lights and incandescent bulbs inside the greenhouse. The integrated practices of enhanced photoperiod and light intensity under the greenhouse in combination with fungicides application to plants were found very effective in suppressing the intensity of the disease and its adverse effects on the plants. Using this decision support system (DSS), the tissue cultured date palm plants cv. Barhee has been successfully hardened and managed disease and transplanted in the field for further studying establishment, survival, plant growth and fruiting-related parameters.

Evaluation of the solar-powered Silver Bullet 2.1 (Lumin 8) light trap for sampling malaria vectors in western Kenya

BackgroundCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps are widely used for sampling mosquitoes. However, this trap, manufactured in the USA, poses challenges for use in sub-Saharan Africa due to procurement costs and shipping time. Traps that are equally efficient than the CDC light trap, but which are amenable for use in remote African settings and made in Africa, are desirable to improve local vector surveillance. This study evaluated a novel solar-powered light trap made in South Africa (Silver Bullet trap; SB), for its efficiency in malaria vector sampling in western Kenya.MethodsLarge cage (173.7 m3) experiments and field evaluations were conducted to compare the CDC-incandescent light trap (CDC-iLT), CDC-UV fluorescent tube light trap (CDC-UV), SB with white diodes (SB-White) and SB with UV diodes (SB-UV) for sampling Anopheles mosquitoes. Field assessments were done indoors and outdoors following a Latin square design. The wavelengths and absolute spectral irradiance of traps were compared using spectrometry.ResultsThe odds of catching a released Anopheles in the large cage experiments with the SB-UV under ambient conditions in the presence of a CDC-iLT in the same system was three times higher than what would have been expected when the two traps were equally attractive (odds ratio (OR) 3.2, 95% confidence interval CI 2.8–3.7, P < 0.01)). However, when the white light diode was used in the SB trap, it could not compete with the CDC-iLT (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.48–0.66, p < 0.01) when the two traps were provided as choices in a closed system. In the field, the CDC and Silver Bullet traps were equally effective in mosquito sampling. Irrespective of manufacturer, traps emitting UV light performed better than white or incandescent light for indoor sampling, collecting two times more Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) (RR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7–3.8) and Anopheles gambiae s.l. (RR 2.5; 95% 1.7–3.6). Outdoor collections were lower than indoor collections and similar for all light sources and traps.ConclusionsThe solar-powered SB trap compared well with the CDC trap in the field and presents a promising new surveillance device especially when charging on mains electricity is challenging in remote settings.

Overcoming power efficiency limitation of white fluorescence light‐emitting diodes via multilevel‐hydrogen‐bond matrix

AbstractHigh power efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off at practical luminance are two requirements for new‐generation energy‐saving lighting technologies, which are still bottlenecks of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLED), despite the advantages of TADF materials and devices in low cost and high sustainability. Herein, we developed a spiro phosphine oxide host named SSOXSPO, which can form multiple and multidirectional intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHB). The resulted multilevel IHB network integrates long‐range ordered and short‐range disordered alignments for suppressing triplet‐polaron quenching (TPQ) and triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA). Electronic characteristics of SSOXSPO matrix are further regulated, leading to the optimal exciton allocation through balancing energy and charge transfer. As consequence, using SSOXSPO as host, the single‐emissive‐layer TADF WOLEDs realized the record performance, including ultralow operation voltage as ∼4.0 V, power efficiency beyond fluorescent tube (70.1 lm W−1) and negligible external quantum efficiency roll‐off (3%) at 1000 nits for indoor lighting. This work demonstrates that multiple interplays supported by host matrixes in TADF WOLEDs can facilitate the synergistic effects of TADF emitters on 100% exciton utilization.

Biorecovery of rare earth elements from fluorescent lamp powder using the fungus Aspergillus niger in batch and semicontinuous systems

Rare earth elements (REE) are essential in the manufacture of high-technology goods. Tons of wastes containing REE are yearly accumulated; however, environmentally friendly recycling methods are poorly studied. The use of heterotrophic microorganisms could be particularly relevant in the bioleaching of wastes transforming insoluble REE-bearing compounds into more soluble forms which are directly and/or indirectly involved in their metabolism. In this study, bioleaching of rare earth elements from fluorescent phosphor powder in fluorescent tubes using Aspergillus niger CECT2807 was investigated. Bioleaching experiments were performed in batch cultures at 1% pulp density. The concentrations in solution reached 122 mg/l of Y, 8.50 mg/l of Eu, 0.95 mg/l of Ce, 0.40 mg/l of Tb and 1.11 mg/l of La, after 7 days. Then, REE precipitated due to the generation of oxalic acid by the fungus. The residues generated were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the lamp powder biotransformation was evidenced. Additionally, semicontinuous experiments were conducted and evidenced significant increase of REE dissolution rate in static conditions. The amount of extracted REE under static conditions reached 16.5 mg of Y and 0.75 mg of Eu per gram of fluorescent lamp powder.

Valorization of phosphor powder of waste fluorescent tubes with an emphasis on the recovery of terbium oxide (Tb4O7)

Waste fluorescent tubes containing yttrium, europium, lanthanum, cerium and terbium are considered important resources of rare earths. Due to the scarcity of terbium in natural deposits, phosphor powder from waste fluorescent tubes could be a potential source of terbium. The presence of terbium with stable aluminates matrix in the phosphor powder makes the terbium recovery challenging. The present paper aims to develop a process to recover high pure terbium oxide (Tb4O7) from phosphor powder of waste fluorescent tubes. In the developed process, leach residue obtained after selective leaching of yttrium and europium was treated for the recovery of terbium. The leach residue was treated by alkali roasting-water leaching to break the aluminates and phosphates matrix. Further, La, Ce, and Tb were recovered by HCl leaching. Terbium from lanthanum and cerium was separated by solvent extraction using D2EHPA as an extractant. Various parameters such as extractant concentration, phase ratio, etc. were optimized for the selective extraction of terbium in the organic phase. The counter-current process was simulated for terbium extraction. High pure terbium oxide (99.8%) was produced from the loaded organic by precipitation stripping followed by calcination. The solid residues and final products were characterized by chemical analysis, XRD and SEM-EDS.

Lighting level and room temperature audit of a University Campus

An energy audit on a campus was conducted focusing on two parameters: lighting level and temperature. A walk-through survey for each room was done to measure the said parameters. The measurements were then compared with existing standards. It was found out that most of the rooms have lower than the standard average illumination. Meanwhile, there are rooms that have temperatures higher than the recommended values. Proposed improvements include adding lamps and change of T8 to T5 fluorescent bulbs. To address high temperature in the building, simple solutions like door closers and PVC roll curtains are suggested. Further study on the airtightness of the buildings and surface reflectance is recommended.

3D printed photocatalytic reactor for air purification

A 3D printed plastic sinusoidal reactor with a 3D printed photocatalytic lining is prepared and used to purify air, containing the test pollutants, NO2, NO, acetaldehyde and ozone. This 3D printed, air-purifying photocatalytic reactor, 3D APPR, is first UVA pre-conditioned (168 h, 1.5 mW cm−2), to render its P25 TiO2 containing photocatalytic lining active, through the destruction of the thin layer of polymer that covers the photocatalytic particles at, or near, to the surface. When testing for pollution removal, unless stated otherwise, the typical reaction conditions are, [pollutant] = ca. 1000 ppb, flow rate = 0.26 L min−1, relative humidity = 50%, UVA irradiance (352 nm) 1 mW cm−2 and irradiation time, t, = 5 h. Under these conditions the 3D APPR removes 27% of the NO2, 25.3% of the NO, but simultaneously generates 17.3% NO2 so %NOx removed is only ca. 8%. With acetaldehyde, [pollutant] = ca. 5000 ppb; 3 h irradiation, 34.2% is removed. Finally, with ozone, [pollutant] = ca. 420 ppb; 1 h irradiation; 2.8 mW cm−2 368 nm, 99% is removed. Indeed, the latter process is so effective that the small amount (47 μW cm−2) of UV in cool white fluorescent tubes is able to effect the removal of 70 % of the ozone. In all cases, the 3D APPR is more effective at removing the test pollutant than Activ™ self-cleaning glass, even though the latter has nearly 3 times the irradiated surface area and over 12 times the residence time. Long term (5 day) irradiations of the same systems produces very similar, if not enhanced, % removal values for all the pollutants tested. The potential of this type of disposable, plastic film photocatalytic reactor, made using a biodegradable plastic, polylactic acid, PLA, is discussed briefly.

Effect of Light Intensity and Spectra on Inorganic Constituents in Vietnamese Coriander (Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják)

With the aim of optimizing resources in regional production of nutritive valuable leafy vegetables, this study was conducted to obtain more knowledge regarding the interdependencies between light conditions and accumulation of inorganic constituents. The test plant, P. odorata, was cultivated in a climate chamber with fluorescent tubes as the main light source and daylight integrals (DLI) varying between 4.68 and 9.06 mol·m−2·day−1. The average DLI in greenhouse experiments was 41.55 mol·m−2·day−1. Light conditions were modified using additional LEDs (443, 515, and 629 nm) or by covering the plants with photoselective plastic films, leading to a lower DLI and modified light spectrum, especially by reducing the green spectral range. Contents of nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron, biomass accumulation, and water content were analyzed. In terms of particular light modifications, additional green (515 nm) and red (629 nm) LEDs showed reducing effects on nitrate content at both cultivation locations. Other inorganic constituents were affected differently depending on cultivation location. However, the calculation of average partial correlation coefficients enabled a more general statement. Increasing DLI correlated positively with contents of magnesium, nitrate, and potassium but negatively with contents of calcium and iron. Additionally, nitrate content correlated positively with the spectral range of 651–700 nm but negatively with the R:FR ratio. Consequently, a general recommendation related to the light conditions is not possible, as inorganic constituents were affected differently. Nevertheless, as the nitrate content in leafy vegetables is of high concern and was reduced by higher shares of green or red light, this might be one way to regulate nitrate content in leafy vegetables.

A power road by harvesting electromagnetic energy from moving object

There is a large amount of electromagnetic energy in modern life, but how to utilize the wasted electromagnetic energy from moving objects is still a difficult problem. Here, four 28 W fluorescent tube lamps can be lighted up when a car model slides on a simple power road (SPR) with an instantaneous power density of 11.6 W/m2. An energy-velocity model was proposed to utilize the electromagnetic energy in the constantly friction between the SPR and the car model. It was found that the electromagnetic energy generated by an object moving at a low speed increases with its speed. Besides, the instantaneous power generated by an object in a high-speed collision also increases rapidly with its speed. Moreover, the first SPR was successfully built in an actual road, which opens the door for solving the energy crisis. The energy-velocity model can be also used to explain the signal interference of high-speed railway and improve the positioning accuracy of missile, considerate that the electromagnetic energy produced by the object in motion. The new discovery may contribute to modifying the existing collision theory, conservation of mechanical energy, friction theory, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic technology.

Light Source Intensity Measurement using Averaging Spectroscopy Method for Optimum Usage

There are many types of light source specifically bulbs in the market with different working principles. Each of them provides different intensity at different wavelength. In order to check energy efficiency, it is not appropriate to measure intensity at certain specific wavelength for the same power rating bulb. Therefore, this paper reported the averaging spectroscopy method for intensity measurement between 400-700 nm before comparison is carried out. It is observed that the light emitting diode (LED) bulb shows to be the most efficient light bulbs with the highest average light intensity compared to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. Light stability test is also carried out and reported in this paper.

Application of wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes in the indoor production of cucumber and tomato seedlings

Abstract Horticulture is now revolutionized by advancements in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting. New technologies enable knowledge expansion on how plants require different spectral illumination for optimal growth and development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Parys F1’) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Poranek’) seedlings produced in indoor controlled conditions, using three different types of LED tubes emitting warm light (AP67, AP673L, and G2). The photosynthetic photon flux density was set at 50–65 µmol m−2 s−1 and a 16-hour light regime was used. The results were compared to the cool daylight-emitting fluorescent (FL) control (tube lamp TLD 36W/54). A detailed analysis of the biometrical parameters of the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings was performed. Moreover, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves was measured. No effect of light spectra on the underground part of cucumber was found. On the other hand, the type of lamp affected the number of leaves and chlorophyll content in this species. Lamps AP673L and FL can be recommended in the production of cucumber seedlings. The obtained seedling had characteristics desired for horticultural production, i.e., compact habit with a fair number of leaves and chlorophyll content. As for tomato, the FL lamp had the best effect on the development of seedlings. Due to the high share of far red light, the tested LEDs stimulated the elongated growth of flaccid plants, unsuitable for commercial producers. Our findings not only described the effect of various light spectra on plant development but can also be useful for producers of popular vegetable crops.

In situ measurement of light transmission into wine bottles and calculation of shelf life

Wine exposed to UV-A and violet light (320–440 nm) can develop a light-struck flavour which deteriorates its quality. In a short introduction, we briefly describe the two most important photochemical pathways of this process and discuss conditions that facilitate the formation of undesired compounds. The main thrust of the study is to use a novel method to determine light transmission into real wine bottles, along with optical and photochemical modelling of wine damage. Calculation of light transmission into bottles and resulting photochemical damage is described in detail and compared to in situ measurements of transmitted light inside bottles. The effect of different light sources (sunlight, fluorescent bulbs and LED bulbs) is also discussed. It is found in in situ measurements that clear (flint) bottles transmit up to 35 % and bluish-green bottles up to 8 % of the harmful UV–violet light, while light amber bottles only up to 1.2 % and dark amber ones up to 0.2 %. Results of simple tasting experiments support the validity of shelf life calculations described here. According to these findings, white wine in flint (clear) and bluish-green bottles can survive only for a few days while displayed on shelves; light amber bottles conserve the quality for about a month and dark amber bottles for more than a year. Recommendations concerning the protection of shelf-displayed bottled wine from light exposure are also given.

New insights into Maxwell’s equations based on new experimental discoveries

No theory is absolute as scientific exploration is the product of human ingenuity, which will continue to evolve with the development of new discoveries and technology.It has been established that the electric field is produced by friction, and the changing electric field can be then generated by constant friction. After the friction stops, this electrostatic field will exist for a designated period of time or even longer. Accordingly, a series of experiments were designed to test the proposed Collision Electro–Magnetic Theory (CEMT) that the electromagnetic energy can be generated by the collision. The 1-W bulb can be lighted by collecting the changing electric field energy when a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) board was rubbed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film by hand. When a closed coil was placed in the changing electric field, an induced current and an induced electromotive force were generated in the coil, which also magnetized the scissors in the coil. The 1-W bulb can produce a current by the generated changing electric field, when one end of the plastic rods was rubbed by fur.In addition, we discovered that shaking the plastic rod with an electrostatic field generated by the friction can also generate a changing electric field, which not only wirelessly lighted the 28-W fluorescent tube lamp, but also produced an induced current and an induced electromotive force in the closed coil nearby the lamp.Based on the above experiments, we have the following speculation: just as the unified theory of electromagnetism suggests, the changing electric field produces a magnetic field, and the varying magnetic field produces an electric field. Stated plainly, the electric field is in fact a magnetic field and the magnetic field is also an electric field, so they can be both be regarded as energy fields in essence. The coil and conductor can be regarded as the energy collector that can collect energy from the energy field, as long as there is a constantly changing energy field in the collector. The conduction current is transmitted in the collector, while part of the energy field that is not collected in free space, which corresponds to the displacement current calculated in the fourth equation of Maxwell's equations.The essence of Maxwell's equations and related laws are two different phenomena resulting from an energy field in the closed-loop self-circulating state or open-loop acyclic state. The first equation describes an open-loop static energy field, and the second equation describes a closed-loop static energy field. The third equation describes how the induced conduction current can be generated in the closed-loop energy field, and the fourth equation describes how the induced conduction current can be generated in the open-loop energy field.Based on the new experimental discoveries, this work interprets Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's displacement current and Maxwell's equations from a new perspective, which is important to understand the nature of Maxwell's equations systematically.

Bio-removal of rare earth elements from hazardous industrial waste of CFL bulbs by the extremophile red alga Galdieria sulphuraria.

In recent decades, a shift has been seen in the use of light-emitting diodes over incandescent lights and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), which eventually led to an increase in wastes of electrical equipment (WEE), especially fluorescent lamps (FLs) and CFL light bulbs. These widely used CFL lights, and their wastes are good sources of rare earth elements (REEs), which are desirable in almost every modern technology. Increased demand for REEs and their irregular supply have exerted pressure on us to seek alternative sources that may fulfill this demand in an eco-friendly manner. Bio-removal of wastes containing REEs, and their recycling may be a solution to this problem and could balance environmental and economic benefits. To address this problem, the current study focuses on the use of the extremophilic red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria, for bioaccumulation/removal of REEs from hazardous industrial wastes of CFL bulbs and the physiological response of a synchronized culture of G. sulphuraria. A CFL acid extract significantly affected growth, photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield, and cell cycle progression of this alga. A synchronous culture was able to efficiently accumulate REEs from a CFL acid extract and efficiency was increased by including two phytohormones, i.e., 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP - Cytokinin family) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA - Auxin family).