Fluorescence Spectroscopy Titration Research Articles

Molecular insights into the aspartate protease Plasmepsin II activity inhibition by fluoroquinolones: A pathway to antimalarial drug development

Plasmepsin II (PlmII) belongs to the aspartate proteases and is involved in hemoglobin degradation in Plasmodium falciparum. Due to its critical role in the survival of the Plasmodium, PlmII is considered as a potent drug target for antimalarial therapy. We have done recombinant protein production of pro-plasmepsin II (Pro-plmII). Pro-PlmII was further activated to mature form (mPlmII) and its activity was confirmed by enzyme kinetics studies. The fluorescence spectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetric studies show that fluoroquinolone-based antibiotic drugs norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin bind with mPlmII. Molecular docking results show that only norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin are able to bind at the active site of mPlmII via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Enzyme kinetics analysis reveals that norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin effectively inhibit mPlmII activity, while sparfloxacin does not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the enzyme's catalytic function. The two methyl groups on the 3rd and 5th carbon atoms of the piperazine ring make sparfloxacin unable to go inside mPlmII and bind at its active site. Overall, the results here suggested that fluoroquinolone-based antibiotic drugs norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, can be repurposed as antimalarial inhibitors targeting aspartic proteases. These findings contribute to pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeted at malaria.

Molecular docking and multi-spectroscopic approaches to unravel the mechanism of the interaction between thiocolchicoside and bovine serum albumin

A popular muscle relaxant for the treatment of severe, painful muscular spasms is thiocolchicoside (TCS). Although the precise mechanism underlying its ability to relax muscles is unknown, it demonstrates a specific affinity for the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycinergic receptors. This study used a variety of spectroscopic methods and molecular docking to examine the interaction of TCS with bovine serum albumin (BSA). UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic titration analysis supported the conclusion that TCS suppressed BSA's fluorescence through a blend of static and dynamic mechanisms. The thermodynamical constraints revealed that the interaction between BSA and TCS is spontaneous and that van der Waals and hydrogen bonding forces play key roles in stabilising the complex. TCS binds to the site III on BSA, as demonstrated by competitive binding assays utilising site-specific markers and molecular docking studies. By binding TCS, BSA exhibits minor microenvironmental modifications near the tryptophan amino acid residue, according to a structural study employing synchronous fluorescent.

A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe bearing 8-hydroxyquinoline group for the highly selective detection of Hg2+ and its practical application in cell imaging.

A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe, RHOQ, was designed for the detection of Hg2+ by incorporating an 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety onto a rhodamine molecular platform with a suitable linker. In MeOH-Tris (20 mM, pH = 7.4, 1 : 9, v/v) buffer solution, RHOQ exhibited 550-fold fluorescence enhancement at 594 nm upon addition of Hg2+, with a fast response and a low detection limit (9.67 × 10-8 M). The 1 : 1 binding mode of RHOQ with Hg2+ was established using Job's plot, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopic titration methods. Furthermore, RHOQ was successfully applied for the detection of Hg2+ in living cells with good membrane permeability.

Platinum (II) complex of isopentyl glycine ligand: DNA binding, molecular dynamic, and anticancer activity against breast cancer

In this paper, we performed thorough experimental and theoretical calculations to examine the interaction between Pt derivative, as an anticancer, and ct-DNA. The mode of DNA binding with [Pt(NH3)2(Isopentylgly)]NO3, where Isopentylgly is Isopentyl glycine, was evaluated by various spectroscopic methods, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic titration results and CD spectra of DNA-drug showed this interaction is via groove binding. Also, thermal stability studies or DNA melting temperature changes (ΔTm), as well as the quenching emissions monitoring proved it. Also, the thermodynamic parameter and binding constant displayed that complex-DNA formation is a spontaneous process, and H-binding and also groove binding were found to be the main forces. Theoretical studies stated [Pt(NH3)2(Isopentylgly)]NO3-DNA formation occurs on C-G center on DNA, along with rising DNA-compound stability. IC50 value against the human breast cell line probably is due to the Isopentyl glycine ligand in the structure of the Pt compound, and it was obtained more than cisplatin and less than carboplatin against the MCF7 cell. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Terpyridine-Zn(II) based water-soluble fluorescent probes for selective detection of pyrophosphate ions in aqueous medium and its bioimaging application in living cells

Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a key biomarker for various cellular processes and human diseases and thus the development of receptors to bind selectively with PPi ions and facilitate the monitoring of intracellular PPi concentration in living cells is highly imperative. In the present study, novel water-soluble terpyridine-Zn(II) complexes-based fluorescent probes [TPD-Zn2]Cl4 and [TPTBr-Zn2]Cl4 have been designed and synthesized for the selective and sensitive detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) ions in aqueous environment as well as in living cells. The selectivity investigations of both the fluorescent probes towards different anions in HEPES buffer (pH = 7.4) showed highly selective binding towards PPi ions even in the presence of other concomitant nucleotides. Both the probes [TPD-Zn2]Cl4 and [TPTBr-Zn2]Cl4 have exhibited linear fluorescence enhancement upon the addition of different concentrations of PPi and this enhancement in the intensity could be attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) inhibition process. This proposed binding mechanism was demonstrated using fluorescence and NMR spectroscopic titrations and also the interaction of [TPD-Zn2]Cl4 and [TPTBr-Zn2]Cl4 probes with PPi ions was examined in detail using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The Job’s plot has shown the binding of complexes between [TPD-Zn2]Cl4 and [TPTBr-Zn2]Cl4 and PPi in 1:2 stoichiometry and the probes have shown excellent binding affinity towards PPi ions with binding constants of 7.72 × 105 M−2 and 6.74 × 104 M−2, respectively. Noticeably, both the probes exhibited promising sensitivity towards PPi with detection limits as low as 0.47 nM and 0.17 nM, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies of [TPD-Zn2]Cl4 and [TPTBr-Zn2]Cl4 revealed that both the probes are biocompatible and subsequently their diagnostic efficacy as bioimaging probes was demonstrated through monitoring the intracellular PPi concentrations in breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

A Rhodamine B-Salicylic Acid Compound with Colorimetric /Fluorescent Dual Channel Response for the Identification of Fe3+

In this paper, a rhodamine B-salicylic acid based binary compound probe RB-SA was designed and synthesized, and its structure was characterized by 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The probe provides a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-channel response to Fe3+ in the aqueous phase. Under the induction of Fe3+, the spirolactam ring of the probe RB-SA changed from closed loop to open loop, and a new absorption peak appeared at 560 nm and the solution color changed from colorless to red, while the fluorescence signal turned on, and the fluorescence intensity at 587 nm increased linearly with the addition of Fe3+. It was shown that the probe RB-SA exhibited high sensitivity to Fe3+, with a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 5.19 nM and a complexation constant of 1.03 × 104 M-1 based on fluorescence spectroscopy titration data.

Supramolecular association of a diguanidine derivative with a porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate and its binding to G-Quadruplex DNA

G-quadruplex-selective small molecule binders are synthesized as they find relevance in therapeutic intervention. This article reports a new and novel diguanidine derivative containing benzimidazole moiety. The synthesized compound is characterized using spectroscopic techniques. An inclusion complex of the compound with a porphyrin-tethered β-cyclodextrin where the latter acts as a host molecule. The structure of the complex is optimized by employing a rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Two host molecules encapsulate the diguanidine forming a 1:2 complex, as evidenced by the spectral analysis. The compound and its inclusion complex are analyzed for their binding to duplex and G-quadruplex DNAs viz., kit22, myc22, and telo. The binding constants are derived using fluorescence spectroscopic titrations. The diguanide derivative: porphyrin-cyclodextrin complex shows stronger binding to the quadruplexes than the duplex DNA, with the binding constant values of (8.20 ± 0.51) × 105, (2.40 ± 0.28) × 106, and (8.20 ± 0.10) × 105 M−1 for the interaction with kit22, myc22, and telo, respectively. The complexed form of diguanidine shows a greater affinity for myc22 than the other G-quadruplexes and duplex DNA. Circular dichroism spectra are recorded to further analyze conformational alterations on the binding interaction. The binding characteristics of the ligands against various DNAs are discussed in detail.

Phenothiazine-based porous organic polymers with high sensitivity and selective fluorescence response to mercury ions

A new Porous Organic Polymer (POP), termed CTF-PTZ, was synthesized through polymerization of 10-methyl-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-dicarbonitrile in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyst. Owing to the richness of heteroatoms such as N and S atoms in its molecular structure, the fluorescence response of CTF-PTZ to metal ions was studied, and it was found that CTF-PTZ had a specific fluorescence response to Hg2+. Thus, high selectivity in fluorescence responsiveness to Hg2+ of CTF-PTZ was revealed and the detection limit of it was up to be 2.09 ​× ​10−7 moL·L−1, which was found by fluorescence spectroscopy titration and fluorescence competition experiments. We successfully demonstrated that the fluorescence responsive POP material provides the promising potential for Hg2+ detection.

Exploring the binding mechanism and adverse toxic effects of chiral phenothrin to human serum albumin: Based on multi-spectroscopy, biochemical and computational approach

To understand the binding mechanism of a mixture of chiral phenothrin with human serum albumin (HSA), we used multi-spectroscopy, including steady-state fluorescence spectroscopic titration, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and FTIR spectra to explore the precise interactions between the complex. Based on the modified Stern–Volmer equation, the binding constant (Ka) was calculated under three temperatures, which revealed that phenothrin interacts with HSA through a static quenching mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were determined by fitting the experimental data with van’t Hoff equation, which indicates that electrostatic force and hydrogen bonds dominate the interplay in the phenothrin-HSA complex. Circular dichroism and FTIR showed the addition of phenothrin changed the secondary structure of proteins, in which the α-helicity decreased from 52.37% in free HSA to 50.02%. The esterase-like activity was reduced with the increase of phenothrin concentration, which may be attributed to the perturbated senior structure of HSA. Competitive displacement experiments confirmed that phenothrin inserted into the subdomain IIA (site I) of HSA. Several computational approaches such as molecular docking, frontier molecular orbital analysis, and electrostatic potential analysis were utilized to probe into the binding mode of the phenothrin-HSA complex. The binding behaviors of the chiral phenothrin mixture differed during the complexation. In conclusion, both the experimental and theoretical investigations provide useful information for better understanding and reducing the potential deleterious effects of the chiral phenothrin mixture on human long-term physio-pathological status.

Highly Efficient Multi‐Tasking Porphyrin‐Based Chemosensor for Mercury Ions

AbstractPorphyrin‐based monomeric and polymeric sensors are emerging as a desirable alternative to efficient sensors due to their unique optical properties and biocompatibility. An efficient new sensor Acpmono and Acppoly were designed and synthesized for selective and efficient mercury detection at ppm‐level. UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were studied for the sensing performance of both the monomeric and the polymeric sensors. Mechanism of interaction between sensors was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration, Ultraviolet‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopic titration, mass spectrometry, time‐correlated single‐photon count (TCSPC) study. Furthermore, a “turn‐off” mode has been established to detect noble heavy metal mercury (Hg2+) by quenching the red fluorescence of sensor molecules. The real‐time application of Acpmono and Acppoly were studied by preparing paper strips and detecting Hg2+ from beauty products in a facile way. Cell viability was evaluated for sensors Acpmono and Acppoly to living HeLa cells using the MTT assay technique to investigate the applicability of the sensors in a biological medium. Based on the MTT assay data of both monomeric and polymeric sensors, the cell imaging of endogenous Hg2+ ions was explored in living HeLa cells.

Influence of Electronic Modulation of Phenanthroline-Derived Ligands on Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides.

The solvent extraction, complexing ability, and basicity of tetradentate N-donor 2,9-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (CyMe4-BT- Phen) and its derivatives functionalized by Br, hydroxyphenyl, nitryl were discussed and compared. It was demonstrated that four BTPhen ligands are able to selectively extract Am(lll) over Eu(lll). It was notable that the distribution ratio of 5-nitryl-CyMe4-BTPhen for Eu(lll) was suppressed under 0.02, which was much lower compared to DEu(lll) = 1 by CyMe4-BTPhen. The analysis of the effect of the substituent on the affinity to lanthanides was conducted by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopic titration. The stability constants of various ligands with Eu(lll) were obtained by fitting titration curve. Additionally, the basicity of various ligands was determined to be 3.1 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.1 by NMR in the media of CD3OD with the addition of DClO4. The basicity of ligands follows the order of L1 > L2 > L3 > L4, indicating the tendency of protonation decreases with the electron-withdrawing ability increase.

Multi-Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular dynamic simulation studies for investigation of interaction of dapagliflozin with bovine serum albumin

Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption. The drug has recently become a crucial milestone in the management of diabetes and heart failure. In this study, the interaction of DAPA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated for the first time using various fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, UV-absorption spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The fluorescence spectroscopic titration study performed at different temperatures showed that DAPA quenched the fluorescence of BSA through a combination of dynamic and static mechanisms, which was confirmed by UV absorption, fluorescence-resonance energy transfer measurements, and MD simulation. The binding thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the binding stoichiometry between BSA and DAPA was 1:1. Competitive binding experiments using site-specific markers as well as molecular docking studies showed that DAPA binds to site I on BSA. The positive values of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) revealed that hydrophobic forces played a predominant role in the binding of DAPA to BSA, whereas the negative value of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) indicated the spontaneity of the interaction. Moreover, the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy has shown that DAPA binding to the protein molecule occurs in the vicinity of the tryptophan residue. These findings were confirmed by the molecular docking and MD simulation studies.

Precise Assembly and Supramolecular Catalysis of Tetragonal- and Trigonal-Elongated Octahedral Coordination Containers

The construction of distorted or irregular coordination polyhedrons with specific shapes and functionalities is highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate a viable strategy for attaining a severely d...

The DNA- and protein-binding properties and cytotoxicity of a new copper(II) hydrazone Schiff base complex

A new monomeric copper(II) benzhydrazone complex, [Cu(L)(H2O)(NO3)] (1), has been synthesized using Schiff base derived from quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and benzhydrazide. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy along with electrochemical study and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Single-crystal diffraction study of 1 indicates that the copper(II) ion adopts a distorted square pyramidal (SQP) geometry. The calf-thymus (CT) DNA-binding property of 1 has been evaluated by employing UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and viscosity studies. The protein-binding ability of 1 was investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy titration using BSA and HSA. The significant interaction of 1 with CT-DNA was further supported by molecular docking approach. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity of 1 was investigated by MTT assay on the Human Skin Carcinoma cell line A431. All these facts indicate that 1 exhibits a promising anticancer activity.

Exploring the Inclusion Complex of a Drug (Umbelliferone) with α-Cyclodextrin Optimized by Molecular Docking and Increasing Bioavailability with Minimizing the Doses in Human Body.

In this study, umbelliferone and α-cyclodextrin host molecules have been mixed up through a coprecipitation method to prepare a supramolecular complex to provide physical insights into the formation and stability of the inclusion complex (IC). The prepared hybrid was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, DSC, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Job’s plot provides a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and the Benesi–Hildebrand double reciprocal plot gives binding constant values using fluorescence spectroscopic titrations and the ESI mass data support the experimental observations. The results of molecular modeling were systematically analyzed to validate the inclusion complexation. In preliminary computational screening, α-cyclodextrin IC of umbelliferone was found to be quite stable based on the docking score, binding free energies, and dynamic simulations. In addition, the results obtained from 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy studies supported the inclusion complexation phenomenon. The results obtained from computational studies were found to be consistent with the experimental data to ascertain the encapsulation of umbelliferone into α-cyclodextrin.

Extraction and complexation of trivalent rare earth elements with tetraalkyl diglycolamides

The extraction and complexation behaviors of four tetraalkyl diglycolamide (TRDGA, where R represents n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl) ligands with linear chain or branched chain structure were described with respect to La3+, Pr3+, Nd3+; Eu3+, Gd3+; Y3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ as the representatives of light, middle and heavy rare-earth group ions in HNO3 solution. Effects of acidity, ligand concentration and temperature on the distribution ratio of these ions were examined. High acidity was good for the extraction. For same metal ion, the extractability of DGA ligands followed the order of T2EHDGA < THDGA < TODGA < TBDGA at the same acidity, which was also supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. Meanwhile, for different metal ions, their extracted efficiencies by the same DGA ligand increased in the sequence of lanthanide contraction. The average separation factors of adjacent lanthanides within light, middle and heavy rare-earth groups could attain about 2.4, 1.7 and 2.1, respectively. Slope analysis indicated that the formation of predominant 1:3 and 1:2 metal/ligand extracted species for linear chain and branched DGA, respectively. In methanol solution, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 Eu3+/DGA species were also observed using fluorescence spectroscopy titration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses suggested that the carbonyl oxygens compared with ether oxygen play a dominant role in coordination. Moreover, the stability constants (log β) and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) for the complexation of Eu3+ with DGAs were also presented.

Thermal and high‐pressure treatment stability of egg‐white avidin in aqueous solution

AbstractThe combined pressure (0.1 and 600 MPa) and thermal (30, 65, 75, 90, and 105°C) treatment effects on the binding properties of egg‐white avidin were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy titrations with fluorescein‐labeled biotin for various holding times (up to 45 min). Pressure treatment was carried out in a high‐pressure kinetic tester whereas heat treatment was conducted using metal tubes in a temperature‐controlled oil bath. Avidin binding activity and strength decreased by approximately three orders of magnitude with increases in temperature and holding time, while the binding free energy (−52.3 ± 0.47 kJ/mol) remained unaffected by high‐pressure (600 MPa at 30°C) treatment. The thermal inactivation rate constant ranged from 0.009 to 0.793 per min at 65–105°C, 0.1 MPa. Combined pressure (600 MPa)–thermal (65–105°C) treatment reduced the corresponding values by a factor of two to nine, resulting in inactivation rates that ranged from 0.001 to 0.422 per min. Activation energies for avidin inactivation were 120 ± 10 and 149 ± 8 kJ/mol for thermal and combined pressure–thermal treatment, respectively. In conclusion, while heat treatment alone destroyed biotin binding strength of avidin, combined pressure, and heat exhibited antagonistic effects on avidin–biotin binding energies.Practical ApplicationsHeat and pressure can have synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on food components. The synergistic effect is important from food safety aspect whereas antagonistic effect is desirable to retain food quality attributes during food processing. The parameters of reaction kinetic models, more specifically rate constant and activation energy can be used to evaluate the interactions of heat and pressure during food processing. Egg‐white avidin has been selected in this study to evaluate the interaction between heat and pressure. Information obtained from this study can be used to preserve egg‐white avidin binding activity for various applications including food formulations, biochemical assays and preservation, due to its enormously high binding ability with biotin.

A multifunctional perylenediimide-based dual-analyte chemodosimeter for specific and rapid detection of H2S and Pd0 in water, biofluids, live cells and solid state

We report design and synthesis of heterogeneously bay functionalized perylenedimide PN-PDI, endowed with two differentialy reacting functional groups –NO2 and propargyloxy, as dual analyte chemodosimeter for differential and instantaneous colorimetric (NIR) and fluorescence responses towards H2S and Pd0 with vivid color changes. The respective colorimetric and fluorescent detection limits for H2S (1.21 nM and 6.6 nM) and Pd0 (3.05 nM and 3.3 nM) are based on S/N = 3. Furthermore, the practical utility of PN-PDI for the detection of H2S and Pd0 has been demonstrated in blood serum, urine and live A549 cells. PN-PDI based test strips can be used to detect H2S 2.8 pg/cm2 and Pd0 11.5 pg/cm2 by the naked eye. The results of UV–vis, fluorescence spectroscopic and 1H NMR titration studies confirm that mechanism of H2S sensing is through both reduction of –NO2 group to –NH2 and thiolysis reactions, whereas mechanism of Pd0 sensing is through depropargylation reaction of propargyloxy group in PN-PDI. The multiple outputs have been further utilized to construct NOR and INH logic functions.

Dicationic porphyrins bearing thienyl and pyridinium moieties: Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction and cancer cell toxicity

A new series of trans-dicationic pyridinium porphyrins, 5,15-di(2/3-thienyl)-10,20-bis(3′/4′-N-methylpyridinium)porphyrins (5a–8a), and their copper(II) and zinc(II) derivatives were synthesized in good yield. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, together with electrochemical and single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. Additionally, we evaluated the DNA interaction abilities of the trans-dicationic porphyrins using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations and the results revealed that the porphyrins interact strongly with calf thymus DNA by the outside groove binding mode with self-stacking. The highest intrinsic binding constant of 2.90 ± 0.2 × 106 M−1 was obtained for the freebase porphyrin (8a), containing 4-pyridinium and 3-thienyl moieties. The photocleavage experiments disclose that the porphyrins employ an 1O2-mediated mechanism in cleaving DNA. The dicationic porphyrins also show significant anticancer activities and the induced cell apoptosis was visualized by fluorescence imaging.

Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures Constructed by Fullerene and Molecular Tweezer.

For the construction of well-defined hierarchical superstructures of pristine [60]fullerene (C60) arrays, pyrene-based molecular tweezers (PT) were used as host molecules for catching and arranging C60 guest molecules. The formation of host-guest complexes was systematically studied in solution as well as in the solid state. Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies revealed that PT-host and C60-guest complexes were closely related to the molecular self-assembly of PT. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations indicated the formation of stable 1:1 and 2:1 (PT/C60) complexes. From the nonlinear curve-fitting analysis, equilibrium constants for the 1:1 (log K1) and 2:1 (log K2) complexes were estimated to be 4.96 and 5.01, respectively. X-ray diffraction results combined with transmission electron microscopy observations clearly exhibited the construction of well-defined layered superstructures of the PT-host and C60-guest complexes. From electron mobility measurements, it was demonstrated that the well-defined hierarchical hybrid nanostructure incorporating a C60 array exhibited a high electron mobility of 1.7 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study can provide a guideline for the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures of host-guest complex and its applications.