Fluid In Tube Research Articles

Effect of multi‐tubes and eccentricity on melting performance of honeybee wax thermal energy storage system: A comprehensive numerical study and experimental validation

AbstractWhen it comes to solar thermal power systems, a latent heat energy storage unit is one possible solution to the imbalance in supply and demand. On a shell‐tube type heat storage system, computational and experimental research was done to determine how to charge a heat storage system using honeybee wax‐biodegradable phase change material. This paper examines the impact of single, double, and triple inner heat transfer fluid tubes on the melting properties of bee wax in relation to vertical and horizontal eccentricity. Through the experimental examination of a lab‐scale prototype, the computational model was verified. A computational model was used to investigate the impact of eccentricity on different configurations for the melting process. Utilizing multiple tubes significantly shortened the charging time, according to the system analysis. In a vertically downward direction, melting time reduced as eccentricity increased. Compared to the single tube concentric case, the maximum melting time reduction for the single‐, double‐, and triple‐tube cases was 63.7%, 67.0%, and 68.34%, respectively.

A Novel 3D-Printed Gravity-Independent Air-Eliminating Filter for Rapid Intravenous Infusions.

INTRODUCTION: The absence of a consistent downward G vector can make separation of gases from liquids challenging, such as in field medicine without stable upright equipment or during spaceflight. This limits the use of medical equipment and procedures like administration of intravenous (IV) fluids in microgravity and can make field medicine hazardous. Administering IV fluids and medications in microgravity requires a technique to separate air from the liquid phase. Current commercial filters for separation of gases are incompatible with high flow and blood. We present a novel filter designed to provide adequate air clearance without a consistent downward G vector.METHODS: Inline air-eliminating filters were designed for use with IV fluid tubing in microgravity using computer-aided design software and printed using nylon 12 on an EOS Selective Laser Sintering 3D printer. A 0.2-μm membrane filter was adhered around a central, hollow pillar with external spiral baffles allowing separation and venting of air from the fluid. Results were compared against commercially available inline air-eliminating filters.RESULTS: The 3D-printed filters outperformed the commercial filters in both percentage of air removed and flow rates. The centrifugal, baffled filter had flow rates that far exceeded the commercial filters during rapid transfusion.DISCUSSION: IV fluid administration is an often underappreciated and a necessary basic requirement for medical treatment. An air-eliminating filter compatible with blood and rapid transfusion was developed and validated with crystalloid solutions to allow the successful administration of IV fluid and medication without a consistent downward G vector.Formanek A, Townsend J, Ottensmeyer MP, Kamine TH. A novel 3D-printed gravity-independent air-eliminating filter for rapid intravenous infusions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(6):327-332.

MiR-4443 Contained Extracellular Vesicles: A Factor for Endometriosis Progression by PI3K/AKT/ACSS2 Cascade in-vitro.

Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent benign gynecologic disease affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women with a highrecurrence rate, butlacks reliablebiomarkers. No previous studies have investigated the possible use of extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated micro RNAs (miRNAs) from menstrual blood (MB) as candidate diagnostic or prognostic markers of EM. Specimens were obtained from endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai. Microarray was used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs among peritoneal fluid (PF), fallopian tube fluid (FF), and MB. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to verify the relationship between miR-4443 and ACSS2. Cell proliferation and Transwell invasion assays were performed in vitro after intervention on miR-4443 and ACSS2 in hEM15A human endometrial stromal cells and primary human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs). Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and survival analysis were applied to clinical data, including severity of symptoms and relapse of EM among EM patients. EV-associated miR-4443 was abundant in MB of endometriosis patients. ACSS2 knockdown and miR-4443 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration via the PI3K/AKT pathway. miR-4443 levels in MB-EVs were positively correlated with the degree of dyspareunia (r=0.64; P<0.0001) and dysmenorrhea (r=0.42; P<0.01) in the endometriosis group. ROC curve analyses showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741 (95% CI 0.624-0.858; P<0.05) for miR-4443 and an AUC of 0.929 (95% CI 0.880-0.978; P<0.05) for the combination of miR-4443 and dysmenorrhea. MB-derived EV-associated miR-4443 might participate in endometriosis development, thus providing a new candidate biomarker for the noninvasive prediction of endometriosis recurrence.

Numerical study of thermal performance of a PCM in a modifying tube-bundle latent heat thermal storage

The main aim of this study is to numerically investigate the thermal performance of a newly designed modifying tube-bundle Latent Heat Thermal Storage (LHTS). The new LHTS design proposed a half-cylindrical tube attached to the Heat Transfer Fluid tube, which implies making the PCM indirect contact with the HTF tube. This reduces the heat transfer resistance by eliminating the metal construction of the tubes. For this purpose, a 3D numerical model was developed based on mass, momentum and energy conservations using ANSYS Fluent software. After validating the model developed by comparing numerical results with those obtained experimentally by a published study, the PCM liquid fraction and amount of power stored during the melting and solidification were studied. Water and lauric acid as a working fluid and PCM were implemented in the model. In addition, three different Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) inlet temperatures 15°C,20°Cand25°C, and HTF’s flow rates in terms of Reynolds number 1000,1500and2000 were tested. The thermal behaviour of the present LHSU design was compared with that of the same volume double pipe LHTS unit. Results showed that the melting and solidification processes of the proposed storage were very uniform, with convection and conduction heat dominating PCM melting and solidification, respectively. The increase in the heat transfer contact area between the HTF and the tube bundle contributed significantly to the PCM melting and solidification acceleration, making each tube bundle behave as a single storage unit. Therefore, the time required for complete melting and solidifying of the PCM was half (50%) of the time needed for the same amount in the double pipe LHTS. Similarly, the melting and solidification time in the preset storage was shortened by about 22% and 41.6%, respectively, compared with the regular tube LHTS unit.

Investigation of the flow of Newtonian fluids in circular horizontal tubes at low inlet pressures

Investigation of the flow of Newtonian fluids in circular horizontal tubes at low inlet pressures

Study on Parameters Influencing Heat Dissipation Performance of Body-Mounted Fluid Tube Radiators

Body-mounted fluid tube radiators (BMFTR) serve as integral components in manned spacecraft and are crucial for effective heat dissipation. This study presents a comprehensive simulation analysis model for BMFTR, accounting for the errors in simulation accuracy resulting from assumptions of constant parameters. Through simulation analysis, this research investigates the multifaceted influences of parameters—such as spacecraft orbital β angle, solar absorptivity of coating, fluid temperature, and fluid flow rate—on the heat dissipation performance of BMFTR. Quantitative assessments uncover distinct impacts of these parameters on radiator performance. The findings offer insights essential for optimizing the operating conditions of BMFTR, providing guidance for enhanced operational management during missions in orbit. This work contributes to advancing radiator technology and facilitating efficient heat management in space exploration.

Experimental and theoretical study of single bubble formation at the nozzle in a liquid oxygen crossflow

In this paper, the condensation bubbles generated by the mixing and condensation of gaseous and liquid oxygen crossflow experimentally and theoretically. The mixing and condensation experiment of the bubbles was carried out, employing gaseous and liquid oxygen as working fluids in vertical tubes. Three successive flow patterns were observed: initial gas plume, condensation oscillation, and separation condensation. The corresponding characteristics include gas mass aggregation, bubble surface smoothness and wrinkling alternately, and bubble disappearance after separation and condensation. Then, a Nusselt number (Nu) heat transfer correlation formula is fitted with a corresponding fitting error in the range of −31% ∼ 35%. In addition, bubble force balance and conservation equations were employed to establish a mixing condensation bubble model suitable for gaseous and liquid oxygen in vertical tubes, and the error between theoretical and experimental results was in the range of −25% ∼ 20%. Furthermore, the effects of working conditions and forces on bubble condensation length has been analyzed. The results showed that increasing the liquid oxygen flow rate, reducing the gas oxygen volume flow rate, or appropriately reducing the gas inlet diameter led to reducing the bubble condensation length. It was shown that the bubble drag and shear lift forces affect the condensation length mostly.

Thermal performance evaluation during charging/discharging cycles of sensible energy storage beds for biogas production process

The breakdown of organic waste, through anaerobic digestion, for production of biogas is a temperature dependent process. The favorable temperature required for efficient production is 35 °C. Attaining the temperature required for this process, under normal conditions, is a challenging task. Hence, the development of an effective heating system is necessary. The warm water from the solar water heater is circulated through the wall of the digester wall using a heat exchanger. The intermittency in the supply of energy, as in the case of solar radiation, creates a mismatch between the demand and the supply of the energy. Hence, development of efficient energy storage system that can be used as stand-by in case of unavailability of the primary energy source.The present work modeled and predicted the thermal performance of sensible heat storage system having 10 MJ capacity which can deliver warm water at 35 °C for 4 hr. The sensible heat storage system unit is a regenerator type heat exchanger which stores/releases heat on passing hot/cold heat transfer fluid through the tubes embedded into it. A mathematical model of a cylindrical configuration with embedded multi-tube is developed employing pebbles and cast iron as storage mediums. The number of embedded charging/discharging tubes in the storage model is optimized based on the charging time using a finite element method based simulation tool (®COMSOL Multiphysics). A parametric study, including charging/discharging time, energy stored/recovered, exergy stored/recovered, and charging/discharging fraction of the system, have been used to evaluate the thermal performance. Further the effect of heat transfer fluid tube diameter and velocity, volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the storage media on performance of the storage is also investigated.

Development of a Bio-Inspired TES Tank for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems play a very important part in addressing the energy crisis. Therefore, numerous researchers are striving to improve the efficiency of TES tanks. The TES technology has the potential to reach new heights when the biological behavior of nature is incorporated into the design of TES tanks. By mimicking the branched vein pattern observed in plants and animals, the heat transfer fluid (HTF) tube of a TES tank can enhance the heat transfer surface area, hence improving its thermal efficiency without the need to add other enhancements of heat transfer methods. Accordingly, in this study, a unique additive-manufacturing-based bio-inspired TES tank was designed, developed, and tested. A customized testing setup was used to assess the bio-inspired TES tank’s thermal performance. A comparison was made between the bio-inspired TES tank and a conventional shell-and-tube TES tank. The latent TES system’s thermal performance was significantly enhanced by the biomimetic approach for the design of a TES tank, even before the optimization of its design. The results showed that, compared to the shell-and-tube TES tank, the bio-inspired TES tank had a higher discharging rate and needed 52% less time to release the stored heat.

On the rising dynamics of a Taylor bubble in sudden/gradual expansion tubes filled with viscoelastic liquids

In this paper, the rise behaviors of Taylor bubbles are investigated in sudden/gradual tubes filled with viscoelastic media via grid adaptive direct numerical simulations (DNS). The exponential Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT) constitutive model is used to describe the viscoelastic rheological characteristics, and the phase interface is captured via the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The effects of tube structure (diameter ratio and structural angle) and fluid elasticity (expressed by the Weissenberg number Wi) on bubble dynamics have been studied. Our results indicate that bubbles are prone to rupture in the expansion tubes, mainly due to the dual effects of the wall and the elastic relaxation. The fluid elasticity suppresses the jet effect in a sudden expansion tube. Meantime, as the structural angle or the diameter ratio increases, the wall effect is weakened on axial or radial scales, inhibiting the bubble rupture. A large structure angle attenuates the wall effect, while changes in the diameter ratio slow down the radial momentum transfer near the wall region, both of which favor bubble integrity. We also obtain an exponential relationship between the critical rupture time and the structure angle. The dynamical Taylor bubbles can be operated by the structure of the tube and surrounding fluid viscoelasticity, which is of great significance in chemical engineering applications involving complex non-Newtonian fluids.

Effects of Darcy and Viscous Dissipation on Natural Convection Flow in a Vertical Tube Partially Filled with Porous Material under Convective Boundary Condition

In this paper, a study is presented considering the effects of Darcy and Viscous dissipation in a steady natural convection incompressible fluid through a vertical composite tube partially filled with a porous material. The fluid motion in the vertical composite tube is caused by a temperature gradient due to heat applied to the wall of the tube. The Brinkman Darcy extended model was used to stimulate the fluid flow under the working fluids of water and air. The Homotopy pertubation method was used to solve the temperature and velocity equations in both the clear and porous fluids. An increase in the Brinkman number increases the temperature and velocity profiles of both working fluids. An increase in the thickness of the porous material can be used to increase the velocity of the fluid in the composite vertical tube. An increase in the internal conductive resistance leads to a decrease in the buoyancy force and, as a result, the fluid thickness, which leads to a decrease in the velocity of the fluid.

Thermal effects of power-law fluid in an elastic tube

A mathematical model is used to study the impact of elasticity on the peristaltic flow of a Power-Law fluid including nanoparticles in a cylindrical tube. Long wavelength and low Reynold's number approximations and non-dimensionalization are used in the governing equations to get non-linear equations. Homotopy Perturbation Method is an approximate analytical method, which is used here to solve coupled equations of Temperature profile and nanoparticle phenomena. Then the expression for axial velocity and flux flow rate are calculated. The techniques of Rubinow, Keller, and Mazumdar are used to compute the flux variation. The impact of various factors on flow is addressed. The change in Heat and Mass transfer coefficients are studied at the end. A number of intriguing behaviors are reported by the results obtained for the current flow characteristics, which call for more research on physiological fluids in elastic tubes with peristalsis. In this work, the wide variety of applications of nanofluids is presented with an emphasis on their enhanced, regulated heat transfer qualities. Because of their special qualities, these nanofluids are appropriate for a variety of uses. The work has applications in pharmacological engineering, such as peristaltic micropumps and innovative drug delivery methods.

Experimental Study on Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Upstream and Downstream of U-Bends

In this study, the influence of U-bends on the flow and pressure propagation characteristics of a gas–liquid two-phase flow in upstream and downstream straight pipes was investigated experimentally. The superficial velocities of the gas and liquid are 0.18–25.11 m/s and 0.20–1.98 m/s, respectively, covering plug flow, slug flow, and annular flow. The experiments were conducted in U-tubes with inner diameters of 9 mm and 12 mm and with a curvature ratio of 8.33. The U-tube was C-shaped. The pressure fluctuations at the axial measurement points of the straight tubes were measured. Flow images of the distal straight tubes and U-bends were obtained. The disturbance from U-bends in the two-phase flow in the vicinity of the bend is very obvious. The perturbation from U-bends in the fluid in the adjacent straight tubes is highly related to the incoming flow pattern. The slug flow has the most significant influence, whereas the effects of the plug and annular flows are small. Fundamentally, it mainly depends on the weight relationship between the gravity, centrifugal force, and inertial force of the gas–liquid two-phase fluid. The pressure fluctuation propagates in the form of a wave with the same dominant frequency in the straight pipes of the U-tube. The pressure pulsation energy in the straight tubes strengthens with decreasing distance from the 180° return bend. In addition, the pressure fluctuation energy downstream of the U-bend is greater than that upstream of the return bend.

Effect of flow direction on heat transfer and flow characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide

This work is devoted to investigating the difference in flow and heat transfer characteristics between vertical upward flow and horizontal flow of supercritical carbon dioxide (&lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="Z-20240119215215"&gt;\begin{document}$\rm sCO_2$\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;alternatives&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215215.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215215.png"/&gt;&lt;/alternatives&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt;) based on the pseudo-boiling theory and the experimental parameters: mass flux &lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt; = 496–1100 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;s, heat flux &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; = 54.4–300.2 kW/m&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt; and pressure &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 7.531–20.513 MPa. The differences in flow and heat transfer characteristics between horizontal upward tube and vertical upward tube are compared at different mass fluxes, heat fluxes and pressures fully. Finally, unlike the classical treatment of flow and heat transfer for supercritical fluid, single-phase fluid assumption is abandoned, instead, the pseudo-boiling theory is introduced to deal with the flow transfer and heat transfer of &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="Z-20240119215113"&gt;\begin{document}$\rm sCO_2 $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;alternatives&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215113.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215113.png"/&gt;&lt;/alternatives&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; in the two tubes. Supercritical fluid is regarded as a multiphase structure in this work, including a vapor-like layer near the wall and a liquid-like fluid in tube core. The results are indicated below. 1) In terms of heat transfer, the inner-wall temperature of the vertical upward tube and the bottom generatrix of horizontal tube are basically the same under normal heat transfer mode. When the heat transfer deterioration occurs in the vertical upward tube, larger supercritical boiling number (&lt;i&gt;SBO&lt;/i&gt;) will cause the wall temperature peak of the vertical upward tube to be much higher than the wall temperature at top generatrix of the horizontal tube at the corresponding enthalpy. The &lt;i&gt;SBO&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SBO&lt;/i&gt; = 5.126×10&lt;sup&gt;–4&lt;/sup&gt;) distinguishes between normal heat transfer deterioration and heat transfer deterioration in the vertical upward tube. In the horizontal tubes, &lt;i&gt;SBO&lt;/i&gt; dominates the maximum wall temperature difference between the top generatrix and the bottom generatrix. Comparing with vertical upward tubes, higher &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt; is required for the heat transfer deterioration of supercritical fluid in the horizontal tubes under the same pressure. 2) In terms of flow, the increase in slope of pressure drop in the vertical upward tube is due to the orifice contraction effect. The mechanism that dominates the variation of pressure drop in the horizontal tube is the flow stratification effect, and we show that Froude number &lt;i&gt;Fr&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;ave&lt;/sub&gt; can be the similarity criterion number to connect the temperature difference between the top and bottom generatrix of horizontal tube and the pressure drop. The analysis suggests that mechanisms governing horizontal flow and vertical flow of &lt;inline-formula&gt;&lt;tex-math id="Z-20240119215057"&gt;\begin{document}$\rm sCO_2 $\end{document}&lt;/tex-math&gt;&lt;alternatives&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215057.jpg"/&gt;&lt;graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="2-20231142_Z-20240119215057.png"/&gt;&lt;/alternatives&gt;&lt;/inline-formula&gt; are different in heat transfer deterioration mode. For the vertical flow, the &lt;i&gt;SBO&lt;/i&gt; plays a leading role, while for the horizontal flow, the &lt;i&gt;Fr&lt;/i&gt; plays an indispensable role.

Bidisperse micro fluidized beds: Effect of bed inclination on mixing

Micro fluidized beds are basically suspensions of solid particles by an ascending fluid in a millimeter-scale tube, with applications in chemical and pharmaceutical processes involving powders. Although in many applications beds are polydisperse, previous works considered only monodisperse beds aligned in the vertical direction. However, introducing an inclination with respect to gravity leads to different bed patterns and mixing levels, which can be beneficial for some applications. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the behavior of micro gas–solid beds consisting of bidisperse mixtures under different inclinations. In our experiments, mono- and bidisperse beds are filmed with a high-speed camera, and the images are processed for obtaining measurements at both the bed and grain scales. We show that the degree of segregation is larger for vertical beds, but mixing varies non-monotonically with inclination, with an optimal angle of 30°–50° with respect to gravity. By computing the mean and fluctuation velocities of grains, we reveal that the mixing layer results from the competition between segregation by kinetic sieving and circulation promoted by the fluid flow. We also observe worse fluidization as the angle relative to gravity increases, accounting then for the non-monotonic behavior. Our results bring new insights into mixing and segregation in polydisperse beds, which can be explored for processing powders in industry.

A comparative study of twisted and straight fins in enhancing the melting and solidifying rates of PCM in horizontal double-tube heat exchangers

This study explores the melting and solidifying behaviour of phase change materials (PCM) in horizontal double-tube heat exchangers equipped with straight and twisted fins. Three-dimensional numerical simulations employing the enthalpy-porosity approach were conducted. RT35, which acts as the PCM, was enclosed in the inner tube, while water circulated as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) in the outer tube. The impacts of fin configuration (twisted versus straight), number of pitches, thickness, and length on the heat storage and recovery rates were analyzed during the melting and solidifying modes. The results demonstrated enhanced heat transport and phase change rates by incorporating fins, with twisted fins outperforming straight fins. Specifically, the charging and discharging rates improved by approximately 10% and 14% with twisted fins compared to straight fins, and by 15% and 40% relative to the finless case, respectively. The heat transfer rates showed direct correlations with the number of pitches, thickness, and length of the twisted fins. The twisted fins generated a swirling PCM flow, reducing thermal resistance. The study provides important guidelines on optimising twisted fin parameters like length, thickness, and orientation to improve the performance of thermal storage systems across renewable energy, waste heat recovery, and related applications.

Numerical study of effect porous media on heat transfer in a horizontal annular tube

In the current study, to enhance the characteristics and forced convection performance in the horizontal annular in the case of the presence of porous material and without porous material, energy analyses were performed. Many types of porous material, porosities, and diameters were used. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate an annuli tube in case of the presence of porous material and without porous material by utilization of ANSYS FLUENT software 17.2. The working fluid utilized was water with Reynolds number from 100-500 and constant wall heat flux at 150 kW/m2. Two types of porous media glass and steel balls, two different porosities (0.6 and 0.7), and two different porous material diameters (12 and 24mm) were utilized. Investigations occurred under the study state for studying heat transfer properties and flow of fluid in the annuli tube. The energy analysis outcomes showed that there is a relationship between Nu and Reynolds number. The highest enhancement of Nu number happened at 12mm diameter and 0.6 porosity for bolls of glass and 0.7 for bolls of steel. The pressure drop rising occurs with the rising of Re for all cases and the diameter of 12mm gives the maximum pressure drop for both steel and glass pellets and the uppermost pressure drop occurs at a porosity of 0.6. As compared with those in the annulus in the absence of a glass sphere as porous material at the same ball volumes.

Towards an optimal frequency and time response of singe-tube pressure measurement systems under continuum-flow conditions

The pressure transmission tube, as part of a pressure measurement system, generally has a considerable influence on its dynamic characteristics. The paper deals with the mathematical modelling of the dynamic behaviour of pressure transmission tubes with the aim of providing guidelines for the optimal design of such systems in the frequency and time domains. The mathematical models used are based on linear wave theory and continuum flow mechanics with no-slip and isothermal boundary conditions. The frequency responses were evaluated in terms of frequency bandwidth and the transient step responses in terms of settling and rise times. Following a systematic analysis of these characteristic parameters, we derived an analytically formulated optimisation objective function defining the transition between the low-wavenumber and high-wavenumber pressure waves in the pressure transmission tubes. The demanded dynamic behaviour in the frequency and time domains can be achieved through an appropriate ratio between the actual tube radius and the so-called transition tube radius, which was derived as a function of the tube length, end volume and fluid properties.

Challenges of recruitment and biomarkers collection in Caribbean Hispanics

AbstractBackgroundGenetic Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease in Caribbean Hispanics (CH) has been ongoing for over 20 years. Our primary goal was to identify genes in large well‐phenotyped, multiplex families, and sporadic cases and controls. This longitudinal collection of data represents a unique resource for the scientific community. The project is led by collaborators in the United States (US) and the Dominican Republic (DR). For the past three years, our efforts have been centered on the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, serum and Paxgene tubes for RNA to study core biomarkers. Collection of blood samples for DNA to conduct genetic analyses is also ongoing.MethodThe cohort consisted of participants aged 50 and older from the DR, including those living in the New York City area, willing and able to provide a blood and CSF samples. Interviewers in the DR were trained to collect data, blood samples and CSF. DNA samples were sent overnight to Columbia university (CU) for processing. CSF, Paxgene tubes, serum and plasma samples were processed in the DR and stored at ‐80F for batch shipping to CU. APOE genotyping was conducted in the US. Biomarkers, metabolomics, and proteomics data was generated at Columbia University. Methylation assays from Paxgene was conducted at Uniformed Services University (USUHS).ResultWe have databased a total of 1899 individuals with plasma samples, 1707 with Paxgene, 1731 with serum and 203 with CSF. Blood samples from 1079 participants have genome wide arra, whole genome sequencing and APOE genotyping. 192 CSF samples have proteomics completed, 153 CSF samples have metabolomics data and 742 have plasma biomarkers (Ab40, Ab42, T‐tau, P‐tau181, NFL and GFAP)).ConclusionSample collection for genetic studies in developing countries present important logistical challenges. Despite these challenges, sample quality is comparable to those collected in New York. Biomarkers from CSF, serum and plasma can give us a closer look into underrepresented populations such as Caribbean Hispanics. Results suggest that similar protocols can be successful in Latin America. Future work will augment the biosample collection of the cohort by collecting samples from additional subjects.

Biomarker collection from the Caribbean Hispanic families from Dominican Republic and New York.

AbstractBackgroundGenetic Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease in Caribbean Hispanics (CH) has been ongoing for over 20 years. Our primary goal was to identify genes in large well‐phenotyped, multiplex families, and sporadic cases and controls. This longitudinal collection of data represents a unique resource for the scientific community. The project is led by collaborators in the United States (US) and the Dominican Republic (DR). For the past three years, our efforts have been centered on the collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, serum and Paxgene tubes for RNA to study core biomarkers. Collection of blood samples for DNA to conduct genetic analyses is also ongoing.MethodThe cohort consisted of participants aged 50 and older from the DR, including those living in the New York City area, willing and able to provide a blood and CSF samples. Interviewers in the DR were trained to collect data, blood samples and CSF. DNA samples were sent overnight to Columbia university (CU) for processing. CSF, Paxgene tubes, serum and plasma samples were processed in the DR and stored at ‐80F for batch shipping to CU. APOE genotyping was conducted in the US. Biomarkers, metabolomics, and proteomics data was generated at Columbia University. Methylation assays from Paxgene was conducted at Uniformed Services University (USUHS).ResultWe have databased a total of 1899 individuals with plasma samples, 1707 with Paxgene, 1731 with serum and 203 with CSF. Blood samples from 1079 participants have genome wide arra, whole genome sequencing and APOE genotyping. 192 CSF samples have proteomics completed, 153 CSF samples have metabolomics data and 742 have plasma biomarkers (Ab40, Ab42, T‐tau, P‐tau181, NFL and GFAP)).ConclusionSample collection for genetic studies in developing countries present important logistical challenges. Despite these challenges, sample quality is comparable to those collected in New York. Biomarkers from CSF, serum and plasma can give us a closer look into underrepresented populations such as Caribbean Hispanics. Results suggest that similar protocols can be successful in Latin America. Future work will augment the biosample collection of the cohort by collecting samples from additional subjects.