Overproduction Of Fluid Research Articles

Tuberculosis: Is it the main cause of pleural effusion in patients of Kabul city, Afghanistan?

Background: Pleural effusion is one of the most common pleural diseases, and its causes are various cardiovascular, lung, kidney, cancer, and infectious diseases. Methods: The present study was carried out in the year 2018 at Sadri Ibn Sina Hospital, involving a total of 4564 patients. Out of these, a specific focus was given to 100 patients diagnosed with pleural effusion. Demographic details, such as age, gender, marital status, causes of effusion, occupation, place of residence, effusion location, type of fluid, and any existing comorbidities, were gathered and analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: Based on the findings of this study, tuberculosis accounts for 49% of the cases, pneumonia for 13%, congestive heart failure for 12%, corpulmonary disease for 11%, cancer for 10%, and chronic kidney failure for 4%. Additionally, 1% of the cases experienced pleural embolism as a result of pulmonary embolism. In regards to the liquid type, 77% of it was transudative, while 23% was exudative. Conclusion: Pleural effusion refers to the abnormal buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity, typically caused by either an overproduction of fluid or a compromised lymphatic system's ability to absorb it. This research has firmly established infection, with tuberculosis being the most significant factor, as the leading cause of this condition.

Shunt Revision to Ventriculoatrial Shunt Due to Long-Term Abdominal Distension Complicated by Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Cerebrospinal Fluid Overproduction after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for the Management of Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: A Case Report

Shunt Revision to Ventriculoatrial Shunt Due to Long-Term Abdominal Distension Complicated by Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Cerebrospinal Fluid Overproduction after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for the Management of Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: A Case Report

Single-stage bilateral choroid plexectomy for choroid plexus papilloma in a patient presenting with high cerebrospinal fluid output

Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction resulting in communicating hydrocephalus is observed in patients who have choroid plexus papilloma or choroid plexus carcinoma. Less often, patients with these conditions have diffuse villous hyperplasia. Prior studies report CSF production greater than 3 L per day in these patients. These patients are treated with CSF shunting or by either unilateral choroid plexectomy or staged bilateral choroid plexectomy. The authors present a patient who had a number of congenital anomalies and a karyotype that revealed balanced translocations, 5 to 7 and 9 to 11. She presented with hydrocephalus and had CSF production of 5 L per day, greater output than ever previously reported. She was treated with a single-stage bilateral choroid plexectomy. Histopathological analysis revealed a bilateral choroid plexus papilloma. Postoperatively, the patient responded well clinically and showed radiographic improvement of her hydrocephalus. Bilateral choroid plexus papilloma has been reported in the literature as a cause for neonatal and congenital hydrocephalus. It can result in high CSF output and can be successfully treated with a single-stage bilateral choroid plexectomy. Further studies are ongoing to identify genes involved in embryogenesis of the choroid plexus.

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is present at high concentration in lung fluid produced by ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma-affected sheep and can survive for several weeks at ambient temperatures

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes a fatal lung cancer of sheep known as ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). OPA is a significant disease in many sheep-rearing countries and there is no effective method of control. A unique feature of OPA is the overproduction of fluid in the lung of affected animals. This lung fluid contains JSRV and provides a means of transmission through the inhalation of virus. In this study we demonstrated that lung fluid from different OPA cases contained between 10 7 and 10 10 copies of JSRV RNA per ml. Examination of JSRV RNA survival under conditions that mimic natural conditions suggested that intact JSRV virions may persist for several weeks in the environment. These are the first quantitative data on JSRV in lung fluid and provide valuable information for implementing appropriate biosecurity measures to control the spread of JSRV in the field.

Leukoencephalopathy around a tumor cyst following intracystic methotrexate injection

A 4-year-old female with choroid plexus carcinoma developed progressive disturbance of consciousness 2 years after postoperative treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and focal methotrexate injection into a residual tumor cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed white matter lesions localized around the expanding large cyst. A malignant recurrence of choroid plexus carcinoma with a propensity of cerebrospinal fluid overproduction was suspected. However, daily drainage of cerebrospinal fluid from the cyst and treatment with glycerol and dexamethasone achieved improvement. Diffuse hypoperfusion over the lesions on single-photon emission computed tomography denied the possibility of residual tumor aggravation and together with subsequent atrophic changes confirmed that the lesions reflect localized leukoencephalopathy, possibly associated with methotrexate forced into the parenchyma as a result of the expanding intracystic high pressure.

Na,K-ATPase in the cochlear lateral wall of human temporal bones with endolymphatic hydrops.

Meniere's disease has traditionally been thought to arise from a disruption in longitudinal endolymphatic flow. This view has been brought into question by recent experimental studies that have focused attention on derangements of cochlear fluid and electrolyte homeostatic mechanisms in Meniere's disease, including abnormalities in Na,K-ATPase enzymes found in the cochlear lateral wall. The current study examined the immunohistochemical labeling pattern of the major ion-transporting enzyme of the stria vascularis, Na,K-ATPase, in archival sections of hydropic and nonhydropic human temporal bones for increased density of label that could indicate overproduction of fluid. The results showed good labeling of the stria vascularis in the celloidin sections. The hydropic ears tended to have darker label, but the difference was not statistically significant. The findings are consistent with normal functioning of the stria vascularis in cases of Meniere's disease.

Spontaneous rupture of the suprapatellar bursa

We report a case in which spontaneous rupture of the suprapate!!ar bursa was confused clinically with deep venous thrombosis of the affected limb. Case report. A 73-year-old lady presented with painful swelling of the right knee and thigh of five weeks duration, preceded by stiffness of the knee for two months. Over the three days prior to admission, she had noticed marked bruising above and medial to the knee. She denied any injury to her knee and had no previous history ofjoint disease. Examination revealed a swollen thigh with ecchymosis anteriorly from mid-thigh to below the knee. The swollen area was warm and there was a diffuse cystic swelling behind the knee. Movements were full. In view of the possibility of deep venous thrombosis the patient was fully anticoagulated with heparin. However, other investigations, including a venogram showed no abnormality. An arthrogram was therefore performed and showed extensive leakage from the postero!atera! aspect of the suprapate!!ar bursa into the soft tissues of the thigh (Fig. 1). A sizeable Baker’s cyst was also noted. Aspiration of the knee produced bloody synovial fluid which was negative for culture, cystals and rheumatoid factor. The patient improved with rest, a cr#{234}pe bandage and nonsteroida! anti-inflammatory drugs. At one year follow-up the knee was clinically norma!. Discussion. Spontaneous rupture of the suprapatellar bursa has not, as far as we know, been previously reported in the literature. Indeed, reports of rupture associated with trauma (Duncan 1974) or with arthritis (Nahir et a! 1980 ; Coulton and Popert 1986) are rare when compared with the relatively common rupture of a pop!iteal cyst into the calf. The additional finding of a poplitea! cyst in our case has also been found in some reported cases of suprapatellar bursa rupture and may cause diagnostic confusion. A rapid rise in the intra-articular pressure due to fluid overproduction has been suggested as the cause of rupture, and studies in cadaveric knees have shown the suprapate!lar pouch to be the place most vulnerable to rupture (Dixon and Grant 1964). However, in view of the unreliability of the physical signs we urge that patients suspected of having a deep venous thrombosis but found to have a normal venogram, should have an arthrogram to exclude not only rupture of a popliteal cyst, but also of the suprapate!!ar bursa. The whole lower femur as well as the knee and upper tibia should be included in the examination.

Cerebrospinal fluid overproduction and hydrocephalus associated with choroid plexus papilloma.

✓ With the use of a ventricular perfusion technique, a cerebrospinal fluid formation rate of 1.4 ml/min was determined in a 5-month-old child with a choroid plexus papilloma and hydrocephalus. This rate was slightly greater than four times the rate observed in normal children. The clinical course, as well as a measured absorption rate, indicated that the patient's capacity for absorption was normal.

Water and sodium absorption by the intestine in cholera.

How the copious diarrhoea in acute cholera is produced is poorly understood. It may be due to overproduction of fluid normally entering the gastrointestinal tract, to failure of reabsorption of the normal volume of such fluid, or to a combination of both defects (Watten, Morgan, Songkhla, Vanikiati, and Phillips, 1959). The demonstration of an inhibitor of sodium transport, using shortcircuited frog skin, in cholera stool has focused attention recently on the major role of a defect in absorption rather than on overproduction (Huber and Phillips, 1960). The present studies investigated the changes in water and sodium transport in the rabbit small intestine which had been shown (De and Chatterje, 1953) to accumulate luminal fluid when exposed to vibrio or their products. This animal model may more closely resemble the human intestinal disturbances in cholera than frog skin preparations.