Fluid Mechanics Conference Research Articles

Preface

This volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series contains proceedings of the jubilee XXV Fluid Mechanics Conference (FMC2022) https://www.fmc2022.prz.edu.pl/, which was organized by the Rzeszow University of Technology (Poland) under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Mechanics. All submitted papers in this volume have been reviewed and approved by anonymous reviewers, eminent specialists in fluid mechanics, whose names are listed later in the Preface.This Conference, hold in Rzeszow, was the twenty-fifth in the series started forty-eight years ago (1974) in Jaszowiec, Poland. Meetings, the idea of which is to create a forum for discussing the latest results and experiences in the field of fluid mechanics, are held in Poland and are organized every two years by a Polish university under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Mechanics.List of Acknowledgments, FMC 2022 International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.

Convergence analysis of inertial lift force estimates using the finite element method

We conduct a convergence analysis for the estimation of inertial lift force on a spherical particle suspended in flow through a straight square duct using the finite element method. Specifically, we consider the convergence of an inertial lift force approximation with respect to a range of factors including the truncation of the domain, the resolution of the tetrahedral mesh and the boundary conditions imposed at the (truncated) ends of the domain. Additionally, we compare estimates obtained via the Lorentz reciprocal theorem with those obtained via a direct integration of fluid stress over the particle surface. 
 
 References M. S. Alnaes, J. Blechta, J. Hake, A. Johansson, B. Kehlet, A. Logg, C. Richardson, J. Ring, M. E. Rognes, and G. N. Wells. The FEniCS project version 1.5. Arch. Numer. Software, 3(100):923, 2015. doi:10.11588/ans.2015.100.20553. D. Di Carlo. Inertial microfluidics. Lab Chip, 21:30383046, 2009. doi:10.1039/B912547G. C. Geuzaine and J.-F. Remacle. Gmsh: A 3-d finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 79(11):13091331, 2009. doi:10.1002/nme.2579. B. Harding. A study of inertial particle focusing in curved microfluidic ducts with large bend radius and low flow rate. In Proc. 21st Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, number 603, 2018. URL https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/imarusic/proceedings/21/Contribution_603_final.pdf. B. Harding, Y. M. Stokes, and A. L. Bertozzi. Effect of inertial lift on a spherical particle suspended in flow through a curved duct. J. Fluid Mech., accepted, 2019. URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.06848. A. J. Hogg. The inertial migration of non-neutrally buoyant spherical particles in two-dimensional shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 272:285318, 1994. doi:10.1017/S0022112094004477. K. Hood, S. Lee, and M. Roper. Inertial migration of a rigid sphere in three-dimensional Poiseuille flow. J. Fluid Mech., 765:452479, 2015. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.739. N. Nakagawa, T. Yabu, R. Otomo, A. Kase, M. Makino, T. Itano, and M. Sugihara-Seki. Inertial migration of a spherical particle in laminar square channel flows from low to high reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech., 779:776793, 2015. doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.456. T.-W. Pan and R. Glowinski. Direct simulation of the motion of neutrally buoyant balls in a three-dimensional poiseuille flow. C. R. Mecanique, 333(12):884895, 2005. doi:10.1016/j.crme.2005.10.006. C. Taylor and P. Hood. A numerical solution of the navier-stokes equations using the finite element technique. Comput. Fluids, 1(1):73100, 1973. doi:10.1016/0045-7930(73)90027-3. M. E. Warkiani, G. Guan, K. B. Luan, W. C. Lee, A. A. S. Bhagat, P. Kant Chaudhuri, D. S.-W. Tan, W. T. Lim, S. C. Lee, P. C. Y. Chen, C. T. Lim, and J. Han. Slanted spiral microfluidics for the ultra-fast, label-free isolation of circulating tumor cells. Lab Chip, 1:128137, 2014. doi:10.1039/C3LC50617G. B. H. Yang, J. Wang, D. D. Joseph, H. H. Hu, T.-W. Pan, and R. Glowinski. Migration of a sphere in tube flow. J. Fluid Mech., 540:109131, 2005. doi:10.1017/S0022112005005677. L. Zeng, S. Balachandar, and P. Fischer. Wall-induced forces on a rigid sphere at finite reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech., 536:125, 2005. doi:10.1017/S0022112005004738.

Wave breaking in undular bores generated by a moving weir

If a weir is dragged through a wave flume, the upstream flow takes the form of an undular bore propagating ahead of the weir. It was found previously in the work of Wilkinson and Banner (“Undular bores,” in 6th Australian Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Conference, Adelaide, Australia, 1977) that the leading wave of the undular bore will break if the bore strength given by the ratio of downstream to upstream flow depth exceeds a certain value. In the present work, a Boussinesq system is used to study the situation in a numerical wave tank. It is found that if a convective breaking criterion is used to indicate wave breaking, then the critical bore strength of the numerical model agrees with the experimental value of Wilkinson and Banner up to an error of less than 2%.

XXIII Fluid Mechanics Conference (KKMP 2018)

PrefaceThis Journal of Physics: Conference Series contains the papers presented at XXIII Fluid Mechanics Conference (XXII FMC) held in Zawiercie in Poland during 09th-12th September of 2018. The Conference is organised by Czestochowa University of Technology (CzUT) under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Mechanics.The Fluid Mechanics Conferences have been taking place every two years since 1974. The first Conference was inaugurated by Prof. Włodzimierz Prosnak from Warsaw University of Technology and since then the scientific centers from Lodz University of Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Bialystok University of Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Military Technical Academy, Rzeszow University of Technology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Aviation took responsibility for this scientific event. Częstochowa Universiy of Technology is proud to be the organiser of the conference for the third time. Previous editions of Fluid Mechanics Conference organized by CzUT were held in 1978 and 1998.The aim of the Conference is to bring together academics, scientists and experts in fluid mechanics and to provide a forum for the exposure and exchange of ideas, methods and most recent results in the field of new experimental techniques and computational methods associated with fluid mechanics and related disciplines.

XXII Fluid Mechanics Conference (KKMP2016)

This Journal of Physics: Conference Series contains papers that have been presented at XXII Fluid Mechanics Conference (XXII FMC) held in Słok near Bełchatów in Poland during llth-14th September of 2016. The Conference is organized by Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Polish Academy of Sciences - Committee of Mechanics and Foun-dation for Development of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.Let us recall some historical facts: Fluid Mechanics Conferences have been taking place every two years since 1974, which makes a total of forty-two years. The goal of this conference is to provide a forum for exposure and exchange of ideas, methods and results in fluid mechanics.We have already met in Bełchatów 10 years ago (XVII KKMP). It was a successful meeting. Since then the National Conference on Fluid Mechanics has changed title and has started to be named Fluid Mechanics Conference in the hopes that it will attract more participants from other countries. English became the Conference's first language and we started to invite world leading scientists - working in the field of fluid mechanics. At the 2006 conference we hosted for the first time prof. Keith Moffatt from the Cambridge University. In this year prof. Moffatt once again promised us to arrive to Bełchatów. The whole fluid mechanics community celebrates 92 anniversary of his birthday. So let us also wish happy anniversary to prof. Moffatt.In the mean time we had to pay last respects to our collages. Prof. Prosnak who is regarded as a founder of the Notational Conference on Fluid Mechanics and is well known through his books. Prof. Puzyrewski who was present at all conferences so far. He was providing via his discussions a special value to these conferences, and our colleague prof. Konrad Bajer who was intended to be the organizer and host of the present conference. Short memories to them will be given during the opening ceremony.Conference topics include, but are not limited to aerodynamics, atmospheric science, bio-fluids, combustion and reacting flows, computational fluid dynamics, experimental fluid mechanics, flow machinery, general fluid dynamics, hydromechanics, heat and fluid flow, measurement techniques, micro- and nano-flow, multi-phase flow, non-Newtonian fluids, rotating and stratified flows and turbulence.Within the general subjects of this conference, the Professor Janusz W. Eisner's Competition for the best fluid mechanics paper presented during the Conference is organized. Authors holding a M.Sc. or a Ph.D. degree and who are not older than 35 may enter the Competition. Authors with a Ph.D. degree must present individual papers; authors with a M.Sc. degree may present papers with their supervisors as coauthors, including original results of experimental, numerical or analytic research.Six state-of-the-art keynote papers will be delivered by world leading experts. All contributed papers were peer reviewed. Recommendations were received from the Scientific Committee of the Conference; reviewers were from all Polish scientific-academic centres that are involved in fluid mechanics. Accordingly, of the 67 eligible extended abstracts submitted, after a review process by the Scientific Committee, all papers were selected for presentation at XXII Fluid Mechanics Conference.We hope that this publication will be used not only as a guide through the conference's programme but also help in the future to access people and topics in fluid mechanics research.

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ON FIFTY YEARS OF CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH

This paper discusses some of the experimental and theoretical work on condensation heat transfer with which I have been involved over many years. The explosion in publications in recent years precludes a comprehensive survey of the general field. The paper is based on an unpublished presentation I gave at the 8th Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Conference (ExHFT-8) held in Lisbon, Portugal, in 2013. It focuses on the topics of dropwise condensation, which has recently again become fashionable after many years, and condensation of metals. In both of these fields the interface temperature discontinuity plays a crucial role. Also discussed is work on condensation on integral finned tubes, in microchannels, and finally on Marangoni condensation of mixtures.

A meshfree model for plant tissue deformations during drying

A meshfree model for plant tissue deformations during drying

Analysis of turbulent skin friction generated in flow along a cylinder

This paper presents an extension of FIK identity [K. Fukagata et al., Phys. Fluids 14, L73 (2002)] to turbulent axial flow along a cylinder. This relation gives the contributions of both the mean flow and the turbulent fluctuating flow to the skin friction coefficient. The later contribution is then further decomposed more precisely as proposed by B. Frohnapfel, Y. Hasegawa, and N. Kasagi, “Reactive Flow Control for Skin Friction Drag Reduction based on Sensing of the Streamwise Wall-Shear Stress,” Euromech Fluid Mechanics Conference 8 (EFMC8), Bad Reichenhall, Germany, 13–16 Sept. 2010, S4-30. The Reynolds shear stress can be linked to the eigenvalues of the anisotropy tensor, the angle between the principal axis of the Reynolds stress tensor, and the mean flow direction and the turbulent kinetic energy. These eigenvalues and the alignment are important elements of the Reynolds stress profile. The present analysis is based on high-fidelity Reynolds-Stress-Model-based simulations. The results are first validated using available DNS and experimental data. Then, results are used in order to investigate the variations of the skin friction componential contributions with respect to characteristic dimensionless radius a+, Reynolds numbers, Rea (cylinder-radius-based Reynolds number) and Reδ (boundary-layer-thickness-based Reynolds number), or curvature ratio δ/a, and anisotropic decomposition of the Reynolds stress. Explicit empirical formula for surface responses of skin friction and its turbulent component is given.

Numerical Simulations of Shock Focusing over Concave Surfaces

This paper describes the numerical study of a shock focusing, that is, a planar shock wave impacting a concave surface. Cylindrical and parabolic reflectors are studied for different curvatures, depths and incident Mach numbers. Computations are carried out using a high-order low-dissipation bandwidth-optimized weighted essentially nonoscillatory method and both inviscid and viscous two-dimensional flow models are considered. The obtained results agree well with the experimental observations made by Skews et al. (Skews, B. W., Kleine, H., Barber, T., and Iannuccelli, M., Flow Features in a Cavity During Shock Wave Impact, 16th Australian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 2007) and Izumi et al. (Izumi, K., Aso, S., and Nishida, M., Experimental and Computational Studies Focusing Processes of Shock Waves Reflected from Parabolic Reflectors, Shock Waves, Vol. 3, No. 3,1994, pp. 213-222) for the parabolic one. In the case of cylindrical reflectors, shocks interaction and fine structures as Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are recovered, and the computed angles of the transition from an inverse Mach reflection to a transitional regular reflection compare favorably with the analytical model of Ben-Dor (Ben-Dor, G., Shock Wave Reflection Phenomena, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992) for relatively weak incident shock waves (M s ≤ 2). In the case of parabolic reflectors, the three types of focalization process are addressed and their own structure analyzed.

Theoretical Fluid Mechanics

This special section includes four papers originally presented at the 5th AIAATheoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference (June 2008, Seattle, WA). The papers were included in the Memorial Session for Dr. Norman D. Malmuth, who passed away on 3 July 2007. It is recognized that contemporary problems in fluid mechanics and aerodynamics require an integrated approach that includes fundamental theoretical studies, massive numerical computations, and detailed experimental investigations. This triad approach has been formulated and actively promoted during recent years by the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee. Dr. Malmuth was an active member of the Committee, and he strongly supported the concept. His own research was an excellent example of the triad approach. An outline of the role of theoretical studies can be found his lecture [1] presented at the 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluids Mechanics Conference (June 2005, Toronto, Canada). The papers included in the present section serve as a further illustration of how theoretical modeling and insights can be integrated with numerical simulations and experimental studies to significantly improve the understanding of complex problems in modern fluid mechanics. They support Dr. Malmuth’s statement [1]: “Theoretical modeling is an indispensable tool to the engineer and scientist in addition to current emphasis on familiarity and use of legacy codes as well as development of new ones. It still is a very important skill to know how to set up problems from first principles and make approximations as well as combine this capability with modern computational methods.” Anatoli Tumin Zvi Rusak Alexander Fedorov

Introduction: Special issue on turbulent boundary layers at the AIAA 5th Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference

The articles included in this special issue represent some of the contributions, many of which were invited papers, presented at the 5th Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference of the American Insti...

Changes in flow and wall stresses through arterial constrictions offset from the centre of the vessel

Blood flow through small, obstructed vessels is studied by computing flows in tubes featuring three dimensional sinusoidal constrictions. A high order spectral element algorithm determines the extent of physiological flow characteristics such as recirculation zones and wall shear stress (WSS). Comparisons find that an increase in constriction eccentricity gives rise to more intense WSS. Moreover, these irregular flow conditions persist further downstream. Consistently, shear rate increases with Reynolds number and constriction eccentricity. Vorticity perpendicular to the constriction geometry and shear rate both increase with blockage ratio. In axisymmetric geometries, dissipation of the shear layers associated with downstream recirculation occurs more quickly. With larger constriction eccentricities, zones of high WSS are found on the far wall downstream of the constriction. This could lead to degradation of the wall tissue. References Blackburn, H. M. and Sherwin, S. J., Three-dimensional instabilities and transition of steady and pulsatile axisymmetric stenotic flows, J. Fluid Mech., 533, 2005, 297--327. doi:10.1017/S0022112005004271 Blackburn, H. M and Sherwin, S. J., Instability modes and transition of pulsatile stenotic flow: pulse-period dependence, J. Fluid Mech., 573, 2007, 57--88. doi:10.1017/S0022112006003740 Chytilova, E., Malik, J., Kasalova, Z., Dolezalova, R., Stulc, T., and Ceska, R., Lower wall shear rate of the common carotid artery in treated type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic syndrome, Accepted for publication in Physiological Research, 2008. http://www.biomed.cas.cz/physiolres/pdf/prepress/1445.pdf Dodds, S. R, The Haemodynamics of Asymmetric Stenoses, Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg., 24, 2002, 332--337. doi:10.1053/ejvs.2002.1729 Griffith, M. D., Hourigan, K. and Thompson, M. C., Numerically Modelling Blockage Effects on the Flow between Flat Plates, 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 2004, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. http://www.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/15afmc/proceedings/papers/AFMC00103.pdf Jung, H., Choi, J. W., and Park, C. G., Asymmetric Flows of non-Newtonian Fluids in Symmetric Stenosed Artery, Korea-Australia Rheology J., 16, 2004, 101--108. http://www.rheology.or.kr/down/16-2(6).pdf Karniadakis, G. E., Orszag, S. A. and Israeli, M., High-order splitting methods for the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations, J. Comput. Phys., 97, 1991, 414--443. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(91)90007-8 Karniadakis, G. E. and Sherwin, S. J., 2005, Spectral/hp Element Methods for CFD, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford. Li, M. X., Beech-Brandt, J. J., John, L. R., Hopkins, P. R., and Easson, W. J., Numerical analysis of pulsatile blood flow and vessel wall mechanics in different degrees of stenoses, Journal of Biomechanics, 40, 2007, 3715--3724. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.023 Liu, G. T., Wang, X. J., Ai, B. Q. and Liu, L. G., Numerical study of pulsating flow through a tapered artery with stenosis, Chinese Journal of Physics, 42, 2004, 401--409. http://psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/cjp/v42/401.pdf NHS Direct, 2006, Coronary Angioplasty, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, England and Wales, National Health Service clinical evidence for patients. http://besttreatments.bmj.com/btuk/pdf/18627.pdf Ridker, P. M., On evolutionary biology, inflammation, infection, and the causes of atherosclerosis, Circulation, 105, 2002, 2--4. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/105/1/2 Ross, R., Cell Biology of Atherosclerosis, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 57, 1995, 791--804. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.004043 Sheard, G. J. and Ryan, K., Pressure-driven flow past spheres moving in a circular tube, J. Fluid Mech., 592, 2007, 233--262. doi:10.1017/S0022112007008543 Thomas, S. M., The current role of catheter angiography, Imaging, 13, 2001, 366--375. http://imaging.birjournals.org/cgi/content/full/13/5/366

The leading edge effect in a suddenly differentially heated cavity

We perform a two dimensional numerical simulation of transient natural convection in a suddenly differentially heated cavity in order to observe the initial transient flows, particularly the leading edge effect. The numerical results show that the pressure plays a key role in the origination and propagation of the leading edge effect and the deviation of the numerical solution from the theoretical solution is due to the neglect of the convection terms in the theoretical solution of the energy equation. Accordingly, the one dimensional conduction solution does not estimate the transport coefficients. References Mahajan, R. L. and Gebhart, B., Leading edge effects in transient natural convection flow adjacent to a vertical surface, J. Heat Transfer, 100, 731--733, 1978. Patterson, J. C., Graham, T., Schˆpf, W. and Armfield, S. W., Boundary layer development on a semi-infinite suddenly heated vertical plate, J. Fluid Mech., 453, 39--55, 2002. doi:10.1017/S0022112001006553 Patterson, J. C. and Imberger, J., Unsteady natural convection in a rectangular cavity, J. Fluid Mech., 100, 65--86, 1980. doi:10.1017/S0022112080001012 Xu, F., Patterson, J. C. and Lei, C., Oscillations of the Horizontal Intrusion in a Side-heated Cavity, 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Sydney, 779--782, 2004. Xu, F., Patterson, J. C. and Lei, C., Shadowgraph observations of the transition of the thermal boundary layer in a side-heated cavity, Exp. Fluids, 38, 770--779, 2005. doi:10.1007/s00348-005-0960-1 Armfield, S. W. and Patterson, J. C., Wave properties of natural-convection boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech., 239, 195--211, 1992. doi:10.1017/S0022112092004373 Armfield, S. W. and Patterson, J. C., Start-up flow on a vertical semi-infinite heated plate, Proc. 7th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer, Townsville, 37--43, 2000. Gebhart, B., Transient response and disturbance growth in vertical buoyancy-driven flows, J. Heat Transfer, 110, 1166--1174, 1988. Goldstein, R. J. and Briggs, D. G., Transient free convection about vertical plates and cylinders, J. Heat Transfer, 86, 490--500, 1964.

On aerodynamic modelling of an insect–like flapping wing in hover for micro air vehicles

This theoretical paper discusses recent advances in the fluid dynamics of insect and micro air vehicle (MAV) flight and considers theoretical analyses necessary for their future development. The main purpose is to propose a new conceptual framework and, within this framework, two analytic approaches to aerodynamic modelling of an insect-like flapping wing in hover in the context of MAVs. The motion involved is periodic and is composed of two half-cycles (downstroke and upstroke) which, in hover, are mirror images of each other. The downstroke begins with the wing in the uppermost and rearmost position and then sweeps forward while pitching up and plunging down. At the end of the half-cycle, the wing flips, so that the leading edge points backwards and the wing's lower surface becomes its upper side. The upstroke then follows by mirroring the downstroke kinematics and executing them in the opposite direction. Phenomenologically, the interpretation of the flow dynamics involved, and adopted here, is based on recent experimental evidence obtained by biologists from insect flight and related mechanical models. It is assumed that the flow is incompressible, has low Reynolds number and is laminar, and that two factors dominate: (i) forces generated by the bound leading-edge vortex, which models flow separation; and (ii) forces due to the attached part of the flow generated by the periodic pitching, plunging and sweeping. The first of these resembles the analogous phenomenon observed on sharp-edged delta wings and is treated as such. The second contribution is similar to the unsteady aerodynamics of attached flow on helicopter rotor blades and is interpreted accordingly. Theoretically, the fluid dynamic description is based on: (i) the superposition of the unsteady contributions of wing pitching, plunging and sweeping; and (ii) adding corrections due to the bound leading-edge vortex and wake distortion. Viscosity is accounted for indirectly by imposing the Kutta condition on the trailing edge and including the influence of the vortical structure on the leading edge. Mathematically, two analytic approaches are proposed. The first derives all the quantities of interest from the notion of circulation and leads to tractable integral equations. This is an application of the von Kármán-Sears unsteady wing theory and its nonlinear extensions due to McCune and Tavares; the latter can account for the bound leading-edge vortex and wake distortion. The second approach uses the velocity potential as the central concept and leads to relatively simple ordinary differential equations. It is a combination of two techniques: (i) unsteady aerodynamic modelling of attached flow on helicopter rotor blades; and (ii) Polhamus's leading-edge suction analogy. The first of these involves both frequency-domain (Theodorsen style) and time-domain (indicial) methods, including the effects of wing sweeping and returning wake. The second is a nonlinear correction accounting for the bound leading-edge vortex. Connections of the proposed framework with control engineering and aeroelasticity are pointed out.

11AFMC The 11th Australasian fluid mechanics Conference: University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia 14–18 December 1992

11AFMC The 11th Australasian fluid mechanics Conference: University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia 14–18 December 1992

Conference Report: 9th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 8–12 December 1986

Conference Report: 9th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, 8–12 December 1986