Fluid Intake Behavior Research Articles

Seasonality Affects Fluid Intake Behaviors among Young Adults in Hebei, China.

Evidence on the association between environmental factors and fluid intake behavior remains limited. The current study aims to explore seasonal variations in fluid intake behaviors among young adults in China. A prospective cohort of 79 healthy young adults (43 males and 36 females) aged 19-21 in Hebei, China, was assessed for fluid intake behaviors for four seasons. For each assessment, the participants' anthropometric measurements were collected. Temperature and humidity on survey days were measured. Participants' total drinking fluid (TDF) was recorded using a self-administrative 7 d, 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. To calculate water from food (WFF), we weighed all foods consumed by participants. Duplicates of consumed food samples were collected to measure the water content via the drying method. The mean total water intake (TWI) was 2761 ± 881, 2551 ± 845, 2210 ± 551, and 1989 ± 579 for spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively (F(2.37) = 42.29, p < 0.001). The volume and proportion of TWI from TDF and WFF varied across the four seasons. The volume of WFF in spring (1361 ± 281, F(2.61) = 17.21, p < 0.001) and TDF in summer (1218 ± 502, F(2.62) = 9.36, p < 0.001) was among the highest, while participants' fluid intake behaviors in spring and summer were less distinct than the other pairwise comparisons. A moderate association was found between outdoor temperature and TDF (r = 0.53, p < 0.01). Different general estimating equations suggested that gender, seasonality, outdoor temperature, differences in indoor and outdoor temperature, and mean temperature were independent factors of TDF. An interactive effect was found for gender and temperature, showing that the expected TDF of males may increase more as the temperature climbs. Gender, seasonality, and air temperature could significantly affect fluid intake behaviors, including the amount and type of fluid intake. However, the independent effect of BMI and humidity remains unclear.

Risk factors associated with indicators of dehydration among migrant farmworkers

ObjectiveFarmworkers are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes related to occupational heat exposure and inadequate access to water, shade, or rest breaks. Presently, there is a dearth of studies examining the prevalence of dehydration and related factors in U.S. farmworkers. Our objectives were to characterize hydration status during typical workdays and to identify risk factors associated with increased dehydration in migrant farmworkers employed in Florida. MethodsUrine samples were collected and analyzed for urine specific gravity (USG) 2–3 times per person per day over five days in May 2021 and 2022. Data collection included demographic characteristics, wet-bulb-globe-temperature (WBGT), and information on working conditions (task type, duration, and crop units harvested), fluid intake, clothing worn, and heat safety behaviors. Multivariable mixed regression models were used to evaluate risk factors associated with change in USG levels (continuous) during a work shift. ResultsA total of 111 farmworkers participated in this study providing 1020 cumulative USG measurements, of which 96.8% of end-of-shift USG samples were above 1.020 indicating potential dehydration. In multivariable models, dehydration assessed using change in USG levels significantly declined with age (β = −0.078; 95%CI: 0.150, −0.006) but showed significant increase with body mass index (β = 0.016; 95%CI: 0.003, 0.028), WGBT (β = 0.054; 95%CI:0.044, 0.064), mean shift duration, and state of primary residence. We did not find significant associations of dehydration with type of clothing worn, intake of employer-provided water, or crop units harvested during a shift in this sample of farmworkers. ConclusionOur findings underscore the need for additional research to evaluate adverse outcomes related to dehydration and to better understand recovery patterns from chronic dehydration across workweeks and harvest seasons in migrant farmworkers.

Modulatory effects of estrous cycle on ingestive behaviors and energy balance in young adult C57BL/6J mice maintained on a phytoestrogen-free diet.

The estrous cycle is known to modify food, fluid, and electrolyte intake behaviors and energy homeostasis in various species, in part through fluctuations in estrogen levels. Simultaneously, commonly commercially available rodent dietary formulations greatly vary in soy protein content, and thereby the delivery of biologically active phytoestrogens. To explore the interactions among the estrous cycle, sodium, fluid, and caloric seeking behaviors, and energy homeostasis, young adult C57BL/6J female mice were maintained on a soy protein-free 2920x diet and provided water, or a choice between water and 0.15 mol/L NaCl drink solution. Comprehensive metabolic phenotyping was performed using a multiplexed Promethion (Sable Systems International) system, and estrous stages were determined via daily vaginal cytology. When provided food and water, estrous cycling had no major modulatory effects on intake behaviors or energy balance. When provided a saline solution drink choice, significant modulatory effects of the transition from diestrus to proestrus were observed upon fluid intake patterning, locomotion, and total energy expenditure. Access to saline increased total daily sodium consumption and aspects of energy expenditure, but these effects were not modified by the estrous stage. Collectively, these results indicate that when supplied a phytoestrogen-free diet, the estrous cycle has minor modulatory effects on ingestive behaviors and energy balance in C57BL/6J mice that are sensitive to sodium supply.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When provided a phytoestrogen-free diet, the estrous cycle had very little effect on food and water intake, physical activity, or energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, when provided an NaCl drink in addition to food and water, the estrous cycle was associated with changes in intake behaviors and energy expenditure. These findings highlight the complex interactions among estrous cycling, dietary formulation, and nutrient presentation upon ingestive behaviors and energy homeostasis in mice.

The association between hydration state and the metabolism of phospholipids and amino acids among young adults: a metabolomic analysis

BackgroundWater is vital for humans' survival and general health, which is involved in various metabolic activities. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the variation in urine metabolome and associated metabolic pathways among people with different hydration states. MethodsA metabolomic analysis was conducted using 24-h urine samples collected during a cross-sectional study on fluid intake behavior from December 9 to 11, 2021, in Hebei, China. Subjects were divided into the optimal hydration (OH, ≤500 mOsm/kg, n = 21), middle hydration (500–800 mOsm/kg, n = 33), and hypohydration groups (HH, >800 mOsm/kg, n = 13) based on the 3-d average 24-h urine osmolality. Collected 24-h urine samples from 67 subjects (43 males and 34 females) were analyzed for urine metabolome using liquid chromatography-MS. ResultsThe untargeted metabolomic analysis yielded 1055 metabolites by peak intensities. Integrating the results of the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis and fold change test, 115 differential metabolites between the OH and HH groups, including phospholipids (PLs) and lysophospholipids, were identified. Among the 115 metabolites identified as differential metabolites, 85 were recorded by the Human Metabolome Database and uploaded to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases for pathway analysis. Twenty-one metabolic pathways were recognized. Phenylalanine metabolism (0.50, P = 0.007), phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (0.50, P = 0.051), glycerophospholipid metabolism (0.31, P < 0.001), sphingolipid metabolism (0.27, P = 0.029), and cysteine and methionine metabolism (0.10, P = 0.066) had the leading pathway impacts. ConclusionsWe found variations in the urinary PLs and amino acids among subjects with different hydration states. Pathways associated with these differential metabolites could further impact various physiologic and pathologic functions. A more comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the physiologic and pathologic impact of the hydration state and the underlying mechanisms to elucidate and advocate optimal fluid intake habits is needed.This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2100045268.

Analysis on fluid intake and urination behaviors among the elderly in five cities in China: a cross-sectional study.

Fluid intake in the elderly may influence urination behaviors and further influence their health status. This study investigated the behaviors of fluid intake, urination and their relationships among the elderly in China. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit the elderly participants who met the inclusion criteria from five cities in China. Participants' total fluid intake (TFI) level was investigated using a validated 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. Their urination behaviors in real time were also recorded using a validated 7-day 24 h urination behavior record. A total of 524 participants completed the study, including 233 males and 291 females. The average age was 69.7 years. The median daily TFI was 1,241 mL, with a frequency of 8.1 times per day. Approximately 73.3% of the participants did not reach the amount of adequate fluid intake (1.7 L for males and 1.5 L for females) recommended in China. Fluid intake in the morning, afternoon, and evening among participants was 594 mL, 305 mL and 342 mL, with a frequency of 3.0 times, 1.7 times, and 2.0 times, respectively. The median urination frequency was 7.4 times per day. The percentage of participants who urinated >7 times during the day was 44.3%. The percentage of participants who urinated ≥1 time at night was 77.5%. Age and BMI were not the main influence factors for fluid intake and urination behaviors. The preliminary analysis showed that higher TFI, plain water intake, dairy products intake, and fluid intake frequency were significantly associated with higher urination frequency (t = 6.553, p < 0.05; t = 5.291, p < 0.05; t = 4.667, p < 0.05; t = 13.413, p < 0.05). Higher fluid intake per time was significantly associated with lower urination frequency (t = -3.562, p < 0.05). Correlations between TFI, fluid intake frequency, fluid intake in night, fluid intake frequency in night and urination at night were also found (r = 0.114, p < 0.05; r = 0.091, p < 0.05; r = 0.146, p < 0.05; r = 0.331, p < 0.05). Fluid intake was inadequate in terms of the elderly participants. Participants with higher fluid intake and frequency in night had a greater incidence of nocturia. Thus, correcting fluid intake behaviors can improve urination behavior and promote health. https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojEN.html, identifier CTR1900023355.

An Analysis of Fluid Intake Assessment Approaches for Fluid Intake Monitoring System.

Monitoring fluid intake is essential to help people manage their individual fluid intake behaviors and achieve adequate hydration. Previous studies of fluid intake assessment approaches based on inertial sensors can be categorized into wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based approaches. This study aims to analyze wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based fluid intake assessment approaches using inertial sensors. The comparison of these two approaches should be analyzed according to gesture recognition and volume estimation. In addition, the influence of the fill level and sip size information on the performance is explored in this study. The accuracy of gesture recognition with postprocessing is 92.89% and 91.8% for the wrist-worn-based approach and smart-container-based approach, respectively. For volume estimation, sip-size-dependent models can achieve better performance than general SVR models for both wrist-worn-based and smart-container-based approaches. The improvement of MAPE, MAD, and RMSE can reach over 50% except MAPE for small sip sizes. The results demonstrate that the sip size information and recognition performance are important for fluid intake assessment approaches.

Fluid intake behavior in women with refractory overactive bladder undergoing third line therapy.

Fluid intake has been shown to be related to urinary symptoms, but no studies to date have investigated the effect of fluid intake on urinary symptoms in women with refractory overactive bladder (OAB). As this group of women are considered to have a possible unique pathophysiologic mechanism of OAB, we investigated the relationship between fluid intake, fluid intake behavior, and urinary symptoms in women with refractory OAB. A prospective cross-sectional study of women with refractory OAB was conducted by assessing the relationship between fluid intake and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women undergoing third line OAB therapies. Fluid intake and behavior were measured by the questionnaire based voiding diaryand urinary symptoms were measured by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS). The relationship between fluid intake and symptom severity was assessed using Spearman's rankcorrelation and χ2 tests. Of the 126 individuals undergoing third line therapy for OAB, 60 (48%) underwent intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injection (BTX) injection, 42 (33%) peripheral tibial nerve stimulation,and 24 (19%) sacral neuromodulation.The mean total daily fluid intake was 2567.0 ± SD 1292.4 mL and did not differ significantly across treatment groups. Total fluid intake was weakly correlated with worse filling-type LUTS (r = 0.241, p = 0.007), and there was no relationship between LUTS and caffeinated fluid intake. Half (52%) of the subjects reported current fluid restricting behavior to control urinary symptoms, but this behavior was not correlated with LUTS severity (all p > 0.05). Patients that currently use tobacco have greater LUTS (current = 25.8 ± SD 9.5, former = 14.8 ± SD 6.1, never = 15.0 ± SD 6.1; p < 0.001). BMI was also positively correlated with worse incontinence symptoms (r = 0.351, p < 0.001). Fluid intake along with other lifestyle factors, including tobacco use and weight, are minimally related to the symptomatology seen in women with refractory OAB. Further studies are needed to assess if behaviors change during treatment with third line therapies, and if these behavioral changes may affect treatment response.

A Study of the Fluid Intake, Hydration Status, and Health Effects among Pregnant Women in Their Second Trimester in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may influence the health outcomes of both the mother and the fetus. However, there are few studies related to this. The aim of the present study was to investigate fluid intake behaviors among pregnant women in their second trimester, to evaluate their hydration status and pregnancy complications, and to further explore the association of fluid intake and the amniotic fluid index (AFI). Participants' total fluid intake (TFI) levels were determined using a 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. The levels of water intake from food were not recorded or measured. Morning urine samples were collected, and both urine osmolality levels and urine specific gravity (USG) were tested to evaluate their hydration status. Fasting blood samples were also collected and measured for osmolality and complete blood count (CBC). A total of 324 participants completed the study. They were divided into four groups based on quartiles of TFI, including participants with lower (LFI1 and LFI2) and higher (HFI1 and HFI2) fluid intake levels. The median TFI was 1485 mL, and the median values of the four groups with different TFI levels were 1348, 1449, 1530, and 1609 mL, respectively. Only 3.4% of the participants attained the recommended value following an adequate water intake (1.7 L) level for pregnant women in China. Plain water was the main TFI resource (78.8~100.00%), and differences in the plain water intake levels among the four groups were evident (χ2 = 222.027, p < 0.05). The urine osmolality decreased sequentially with increasing TFI values from the LFI1 to HFI2 group, and significant differences in the urine osmolality levels among the four groups were evident (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of dehydrated participants decreased from 26.8% in the LFI1 group to 0.0% in the HFI2 group (χ2 = 131.241, p < 0.05). Participants with higher TFI values had higher AFI values (χ2 = 58.386, all p < 0.05), and moderate-intensity correlations were found between TFI and urine osmolality, hydration status, and AFI (all p < 0.05). A large proportion of the participants had insufficient TFIs during the second trimester of pregnancy, and a proportion of the participants were dehydrated. The preliminary analysis showed that the AFI was correlated with the TFI during the second trimester of pregnancy. A sufficient TFI is necessary for pregnant women to improve their hydration status and may have effects on their health. The results can provide appropriate scientific references for the development of beneficial recommendations concerning adequate water intake levels for pregnant women in China.

Characterizing fluid intake and physical activity in university students within the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study determined fluid intake and physical activity behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. College students (n = 1014; females, 75.6%) completed an online survey during the Spring 2020 academic semester following the initial global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic standing, habitation situation, and University/College responses to COVID-19 were collected. Participants completed the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and a 15-item Beverage Questionnaire (BEVQ-15) to determine physical activity level and fluid intake behaviors, respectively. Females (1920 ± 960mL) consumed significantly less fluid than males (2400 ± 1270mL, p < 0.001). Living off-campus (p < 0.01) and living with a spouse/partner (p < 0.01) was associated with increased consumption of alcoholic beverages. 88.7% of participants reported being at least moderately active; however, Black/African American and Asian participants were more likely to be less active than their Caucasian/White counterparts (p < 0.05). Participants reporting no change in habitation in response to COVID-19 had a higher fluid intake (p = 0.002); however, the plain water consumption remained consistent (p = 0.116). While there was no effect of habitation or suspension of classes on physical activity levels (p > 0.05), greater self-reported physical activity was associated with greater fluid intake (std. β = 0.091, p = 0.003). Fluid intake among college students during the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic approximated current daily fluid intake recommendations. Associations between COVID-19-related disruptions (i.e., suspension of classes and changes in habitation) and increased alcohol intake are concerning and may suggest the need for the development of targeted strategies and programming to attenuate the execution of negative health-related behaviors in college students.

The Influence Of Menstrual Cycle Phase On Fluid Intake And Urinary Hydration Markers

Variations in female sex hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) influence the osmotic threshold for release of the hormone arginine vasopressin, which alters fluid retention and thirst perception. However, fluid intake behaviors across the MC have yet to be explored. PURPOSE: To determine differences in fluid intake behaviors and hydration status across the menstrual cycle in naturally cycling females. METHODS: Seventeen naturally cycling females (mean ± SD; age, 24 ± 5 y; height, 163 ± 7 cm; mass, 71.3 ± 24.4 kg; body fat, 22.7 ± 9.3%) provided 24 h urine samples over three consecutive days during three timepoints throughout their MC; early follicular (MCEF, days 3-5), late follicular (MCLF, days 11-13), and mid-luteal (MCML, days 18-20) phases, where day 0 was defined as the start of menstruation. Participants also completed daily fluid and dietary intake logs to assess fluid intake. Urinary hydration biomarkers assessed included urine volume (UVOL), urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), and urine color (UCOL). MC phase was used in separate linear mixed effects models as a fixed effect predictor of total fluid intake (TFI, all fluids from beverages and foods) and urinary hydration biomarkers, with a random effect of participant. RESULTS: There was no significant effect of MC phase on TFI (MCEF, 3472 ± 1505 mL; MCLF, 3416 ± 1410 mL; MCML, 3331 ± 1703 mL; β [95% CI], -171.59 [-348.7, 6.8], p = 0.172). UVOL was significantly greater during MCEF (2.36 ± 1.33 L) compared to MCLF (2.09 ± 1.41 L) and MCML (2.20 ± 1.40 L), β = -0.145 [-0.268, -0.022], p = 0.022. UOSM was significantly greater during MCML (465 ± 217 mOsm·kg-1) than MCEF (393 ± 193 mOsm·kg-1) or MCLF (426 ± 203 mOsm·kg-1), (β = 44.90 [19.0, 70.8], p = 0.001). However, there was no impact of MC phase on UCOL (β = 0.064 [-0.12, 024], p = 0.489) or USG (β = 0.0003 [-0.001, 0.002], p = 0.751). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate fluid intake behaviors do not change across the menstrual cycle in naturally cycling females despite differences in 24 h urine volume and osmolality. Since mean total fluid intake exceeded daily adequate intake recommendations and 24 h urinary hydration markers indicated euhydration, the clinical implications of menstrual cycle phase on hydration status may be minimal, but this remains to be fully elucidated in women not meeting fluid intake guidelines.

Daily Fluid Intake Behaviors And Associated Health Effects Among Australian And United States Populations

Daily Fluid Intake Behaviors And Associated Health Effects Among Australian And United States Populations

Consensus on Recommended Functions of a Smart Home System to Improve Self-Management Behaviors in People With Heart Failure: A Modified Delphi Approach.

BackgroundSmart home systems could enhance clinical and self-management of chronic heart failure by supporting health monitoring and remote support, but evidence to guide the design of smart home system functionalities is lacking.ObjectiveTo identify consensus-based recommendations for functions of a smart home system that could augment clinical and self-management for people living with chronic heart failure in the community.MethodsHealthcare professionals caring for people living with chronic heart failure participated in a two-round modified Delphi survey and a consensus workshop. Thirty survey items spanning eight chronic health failure categories were derived from international guidelines for the management of heart failure. In survey Round 1, participants rated the importance of all items using a 9-point Liket scale and suggested new functions to support people with chronic heart failure in their homes using a smart home system. The Likert scale scores ranged from 0 (not important) to 9 (very important) and scores were categorized into three groups: 1–3 = not important, 4–6 = important, and 7–9 = very important. Consensus agreement was defined a priori as ≥70% of respondents rating a score of ≥7 and ≤ 15% rating a score ≤ 3. In survey Round 2, panel members re-rated items where consensus was not reached, and rated the new items proposed in earlier round. Panel members were invited to an online consensus workshop to discuss items that had not reached consensus after Round 2 and agree on a set of recommendations for a smart home system.ResultsIn Round 1, 15 experts agreed 24/30 items were “very important”, and suggested six new items. In Round 2, experts agreed 2/6 original items and 6/6 new items were “very important”. During the consensus workshop, experts endorsed 2/4 remaining items. Finally, the expert panel recommended 34 items as “very important” for a smart home system including, healthy eating, body weight and fluid intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior, heart failure symptoms, tobacco cessation and alcohol reduction, medication adherence, physiological monitoring, interaction with healthcare professionals, and mental health among others.ConclusionA panel of healthcare professional experts recommended 34-item core functions in smart home systems designed to support people with chronic heart failure for self-management and clinical support. Results of this study will help researchers to co-design and protyping solutions with consumers and healthcare providers to achieve these core functions to improve self-management and clinical outcomes in people with chronic heart failure.

Daily Fluid Intake Behaviors and Associated Health Effects Among Australian and United States Populations.

Minimal data exist exploring intercontinental differences in fluid intake (FI) beliefs and behaviors and the impact on fluid intake practices (i.e., fluid intake volume, beverage type, and timing of fluid intake). Therefore, this study explored the impact that FI beliefs and behaviors had on FI practices among emerging adults living in the United States (USA) and Australia (AUS). A total of 489 individuals (74.5% female; USA, 79.4%; age, 25 ± 6 years completed a 23-item survey between November 2020 and June 2021). Participants detailed their FI practices. FI beliefs were evaluated to determine their contribution to FI behaviors across the day. Multinomial and multiple linear regression analyses explored the association of daily FI beliefs and behaviors across multiple domains. Independent sample t-tests and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare FI practices, beliefs, and behaviors between individuals in the USA and AUS. FI behaviors were significantly different between countries, with the USA more likely to consume fluids to meet a total target volume (β = 1.150, p = 0.036) and consume fluid at the same time as structured daily activities (β = 0.773, p = 0.046) compared to FI alongside food intake. However, there were no differences in the types of beverage consumed (juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, tea, and coffee), total fluid volume, and physical activity (PA) between countries (p > 0.05). Beverage consumption was higher among USA than AUS residents for water, beer, and wine (p < 0.05). Total fluid consumption was greater among males (3,189 ± 2,407 ml) than females (2,215 ± 1,132 ml; β = 3.61, p < 0.001), individuals who regularly consumed fluid during the day to meet a targeted volume (β = 1,728.5, p < 0.001), and those who regularly consumed fluid as a habitual behavior (β = 3.97, p < 0.001) compared to those individuals who only consumed fluid alongside mealtimes (β = 1,041.7, p < 0.001). FI behaviors differed between the USA and AUS; however, total volume consumed, type of beverage consumed, and FI beliefs were similar. FI practices and behaviors appear to be individualized and context-specific among the studied populations.

HOW TO CONTROL INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT GAIN (IDWG) AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS?

Background: Chronic kidney failure is a terminal disease that often affects the patient's quality of life. One of the problems that often occurs in patients with end-stage renal failure is the increase in fluid volume between two dialysis times. The increase in Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) has a serious impact, 60-80% of patients die from excess fluid and food intake during the interdialytic period.&#x0D; Objective: This review aimed to describe the importance of Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.&#x0D; Design: This study design is a systematic review to search and review article from database and the theory underlying this study or guidance in this systematic literature review using PRISMA.&#x0D; Data Sources: This systematic review was conducted using a database with electronic searches on EBSCO, ProQuest, Scopus, SAGE, and Science Direct published in 2017-2021.&#x0D; Review Methods: The method used in the preparation of the Literature review using the PRISMA checklist and PICOT. Secondary data obtained from the journal with a predetermined discussion.&#x0D; Results: The results of the database search strategy were 1,907 articles were obtained, but 1,340 articles were excluded. There were seven articles that met the inclusion criteria. Two articles identified that uncontrolled IDWG is at risk of death in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.&#x0D; Conclusion: Two articles state that IDWG affects hemoglobin concentration and cardiovascular disorders and triggers complications, two other articles state that the factors that contribute to IDWG are fluid intake, thirst, self-efficacy and dietary behavior, one article states that controlled IDWG will improve the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal failure/End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD undergoing hemodialysis. Uncontrolled IDWG is at risk of death in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Control of IDWG through adherence to dietary behavior will improve the quality of life of end-stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Evaluation of Fluid Intake in College Students During the Initial Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

ObjectivesTo evaluate fluid intake of college students during the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsCollege students (n = 1015 (75.5% Female); 59 freshmen, 139 sophomores, 264 juniors, 245 seniors, 289 graduate) participated in an online questionnaire from colleges/universities within the United States during the Spring 2020 academic semester. Participants were asked about their fluid intake over the previous 30 days using the BEVQ-15. The questionnaire consisted of demographic and living status questions as well as 16 questions detailing type (e.g., water, milk, etc.), frequency (“how often”), and volume of fluids for each consumption (“how much each time”). Kruskal-Wallis analyses (test statistic reported as chi-square, χ2) were used to compare the total fluid intake, frequency of plain water intake, and volume with each consumption between thosewith and without a change in living situation and by academic standing. Data reported as (median [interquartile range]).ResultsA change in living status was reported by 426/1015 (42%) participants. Median fluid intake was 1848 mL ([1295, 2532] mL) for all participants. Total fluid intake [χ2(1) = 18.07, P < 0.001] was different between those with (1709 [1199, 2366] mL) and without (1940 [1378, 2644] mL) a change in living situation. However, the volume of plain water intake was not different between those with (710 [473, 1420] mL) and without (1065 [591, 1420] mL) a change in living situation [χ2(1) = 2.81, P = 0.09]. Frequency [χ2(1) = 3.10, P = 0.08] and the volume with each consumption [χ2(1) = 1.16, P = 0.28] of plain water were also not different based on a change in living situation. Academic standing impacted the volume of total fluid intake [χ2(4) = 14.33, P = 0.006], with juniors (1751 [1161, 2455] mL) reporting less than graduate students (1940 [1041, 2780] mL, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest a change in living situation affected total fluid intake, however, there were no differences in the frequency and volume of plain water intake. Further, academic standing impacted the fluid intake behaviors. Future investigations are warranted to evaluate factors guiding fluid intake frequency and volumes in the college student population.Funding SourcesN/A

Effects of the Amount and Frequency of Fluid Intake on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18–23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF group at two time points (p < 0.05). At time point 1, the scores in the portrait memory test and vigor were statistically different (F = 20.45, p < 0.001; F = 5.46, p = 0.006). It was found that the scores for the portrait memory test in the RB group were lower than those in the HA group and the HF group (p = 0.007; p < 0.001), while the scores of the HF group were higher than those of the HA group (p < 0.001). The scores for vigor in the RB group were significantly higher than those of the HA group (p = 0.006), and they were also significantly higher than those of the HF group (p = 0.004). At time point 2, only the scores for vigor were statistically different (F = 3.80, p = 0.026). It was found that the scores for vigor in the RB group were higher than those in the HA group and HF group (p = 0.018; p = 0.019). Both the amount and frequency of fluid intake may affect urine osmolality and vigor, but these factors have limited impacts on cognitive performance. Rational fluid intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.

Drinking Event Detection and Episode Identification Using 3D-Printed Smart Cup

Insufficient fluid intake is becoming an actual concern and problem of the elderly with dramatic increase of aging population. Poor fluid intake habits and Dehydration can cause long-term negative effects in mental and physical capabilities, and even death. Typical approaches to monitor individual fluid intake behavior and consumption of fluid quantities mainly rely on self-report, such as questionnaires. However, these typical approaches suffer issues in manual errors and cause additional burdens on the user. In recent years, advantages of wireless sensor networks and pervasive computing technologies have provided the opportunities to create automatic, objective and low-intrusive fluid intake monitoring systems. The aim of this work is to design a 3D-printed smart cup attached with a single accelerometer and drinking event detection algorithm that is feasible to spot fluid intake gestures, especially for detecting drinking events and recognizing complete periods of drinking. Such drinking information about timing and the frequency of fluid intake can reveal fluid intake habits and that is important for clinical assessment and intervention. The finding shows that the best system performance using k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) model with window size of 4s achieves 89.92% and 85.88% F-measure in event-defined and frame-defined evaluation approaches, respectively.

Hiking Time Trial Performance in the Heat with Real-Time Observation of Heat Strain, Hydration Status and Fluid Intake Behavior.

This study investigated the real-time progression of heat strain in mountain hikers during time trials (TT). Participants (n = 12; 7M/5F; age 21.6 ± 2.47) attempted to climb Tempe Butte (~1.1 mi) four times in HOT and MOD trials (wet bulb globe temperature 31.6 °C vs. 19.0 °C). Performance, physiological outcomes, and fluid intake behavior were measured in real-time. Hot conditions significantly impaired hiking TT performance by 11%, reduced aerobic capacity by 7%, increased peak rate of perceived exertion (RPE) by 19%, and elevated core temperature (Tc) by 0.7 °C compared to MOD (all p < 0.03). Less-aerobically-fit participants were most negatively-affected by heat stress. Based on sweat lost, participants in HOT required 2.26 ± 0.91 L of fluids, brought 1.52 ± 0.83 L, and consumed 1.54 ± 0.49 L, losing an average of 1.1% ± 1.0%BM. Participants in MOD required 1.28 ± 0.39 L of fluids, brought 1.57 ± 1.09 L, and consumed 0.79 ± 0.57 L, losing an average of 1.0% ± 0.8%BM. Morning-after urine specific gravity (USG) values revealed 75% of hikers were hypohydrated (USG ≥ 1.020) after HOT; 67% after MOD. Heat stress impairs hiking TT performance while increasing RPE and Tc. Fitter participants showed less performance and physiological impairment from heat stress. Although hikers in both conditions lost similar body weight, hikers were limited in HOT by fluid availability, whereas in MOD, fluid was available and dehydration was voluntary.

Improving Fluid Intake Behavior Among Patients With Kidney Stones: Understanding Patients’ Experiences and Acceptability of Digital Health Technology

ObjectiveTo understand kidney stone patients’ experiences with increasing fluid intake, common barriers to adherence, and technology-mediated intervention techniques that may improve adherence in this population. Increasing fluid intake to produce at least 2.5 L of urine daily is a well-established preventive strategy to reduce the risk of kidney stones. Unfortunately, adherence with this well-known and inexpensive recommendation is commonly below 50%. Materials and MethodsPatients with a history of kidney stones were recruited to participate in semistructured focus groups about their experiences with increasing fluid intake. Inductive content analysis was used to extract themes from focus group transcripts. ResultsThemes from discussions with 19 patients described current fluid intake strategies, barriers to increasing fluid intake, and desirable features in a digital tool for promoting fluid intake. Common barriers to increasing fluid intake included work habits, travel, leisure activities, forgetting to drink, limited access to water, and not feeling thirsty. Patients had tried to increase fluid intake using strategies such as carrying a water bottle, identifying contextual cues for drinking, self-monitoring fluid intake, and seeking social support. Patients expressed interest in wearing sensors to improve fluid intake if the sensor was aesthetically pleasing, had guaranteed benefit and was able to connect to existing devices. The most acceptable location to wear a sensor was as a wristband or bracelet. ConclusionThe use of automated and semiautomated tracking technology in combination with evidence-based behavior change techniques should be explored in efforts to improve adherence to fluid intake recommendations.

Racial Differences in 24 Hour Urinary Hydration Markers

Prior literature has investigated racial/ethnic differences in hydration status based on spot urine samples, however, no literature has examined these differences using 24 h urinary hydration measures. PURPOSE: To examine 24 h urinary hydration markers in college-aged non-Hispanic White (WH) and non-Hispanic Black (BL) men and women. METHODS: Thirteen men (BL, n=6; WH, n=7) and nineteen women (BL, n=16, WH, n=3) (mean±SD; age, 20±4y; height, 169.2±12.2cm; body mass, 71.3±12.2kg; body fat, 20.8±9.7%), combined from two separate research projects were included. Participants provided a 24 h urine sample across 7 (n=13) or 3 (n=19) consecutive days (148 d total) for assessment of urine volume (UVOL), urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), and urine color (UCOL). Differences in 24 h hydration status between sex and ethnicity were assessed using linear mixed effects models with associated Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Significance was set a-priori at p<0.05. RESULTS: UVOL was significantly lower in BL (0.85±0.43 L) compared to WH college students (2.03±0.70 L) (p<0.001). Conversely measures of UOSM, USG, and UCOL, were significantly greater in BL (716±263 mOsm•kg-1, 1.020±0.007, and 4.2±1.4, respectively) compared to WH college students (473±194 mOsm•kg-1, 1.013±0.006, 3.0±1.2, and respectively) (p<0.05). Independent of race, women were significantly less hydrated than men by measures of UVOL(MD [95% CI];.-0.56 L [-0.823, -0.308], p<0.001), UOSM(107 mOsm•kg-1 [24, 190], p=0.012), USG(0.003 [0.001, 0.005], p=0.017), and UCOL(-0.6 [-1.2, -0.1], p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Based on 24 h urinary hydration markers, college-aged non-Hispanic Black men and women were inadequately hydrated compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts when assessed over consecutive days. Furthermore, women were significantly less hydrated than men, independent of racial background. Given the importance of hydration on acute and long-term health, identifying populations that are inadequately hydrated may allow for the development of targeted strategies to improve habitual fluid intake. Future research examining 24 h hydration status coupled with fluid intake behaviors across a broader sample of races or ethnicities is warranted to further understand the determinants that guide drinking behaviors.