Fluid For Diagnosis Research Articles

Role of Calprotectin in Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites

Background and study aim: The most common infection in decompensated hepatic patients with cirrhotic ascites is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which occurs in the absence of an evident intra-abdominal source of infection. The aim of this work is to assess the value of calprotectin in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: In this cross section study, 80 cirrhotic patients were divided into (group A) 40 patients with non SBP and (group B) 40 patients with SBP, who attended the Hepatology Department Benha University Hospital. All the patients were evaluated by thorough history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, ultrasonongraphy, diagnostic paracentesis with PMNLs count and Calprotectin which was measured in 1 mL ascetic fluid by ELIZA. Results: Calprotectin was high in SBP group with a highly statistical significant difference in SBP group compared to non SBP group so it can serve as a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for detection of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. The sensitivity of the test was 90% with specificity of 62.5%, PPV of 70.5% and NPV of 86.5% with the cut-off level were 2.98 ng /ml and the area under the curve was 0.88. Conclusion: Ascitic calprotectin reliably predicts PMN count >250/μL, which may prove useful in the diagnosis of SBP, especially with a readily available bedside testing device.

Galactomannan antigen assay from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in intensive care units patients

Background:Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an important infection in critically ill patients including patients of intensive care units (ICU). Different diagnostic tools are available and since its mortality is high, it is vital to start the antifungal therapy as soon as possible. Knowing the epidemiology of this disease in each ICU and area will help to better and more rapid management of such patients. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of IPA based on the level of galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ICU of Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran.Materials and Methods:This was a cross sectional study, which was conducted in Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between 2010 to 2011. The study population was all the patients admitted to ICU and were suspected to have invasive Aspergillus spp pneumonia. The level of galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage was measured and demographic data were gathered by the questionnaire.Results:The frequency of IPA in this study was calculated as 2.43% while galactomannan level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of this patient (2.50) was significantly higher than others (0.03 ± 0.02).Conclusion:Larger studies are required to determine the exact frequency of IPA and the best antifungal therapy for it.

Saliva: A Diagnosis Fluid for Oral and General Diseases

During the past two decades, saliva has been investigated as an alternative diagnostic approach for several oral and systemic diseases. Due to its composition and functions, saliva could represent one of the most suitable biological mediums for clinical applications. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum and other body fluids and may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. The key element of saliva-based diagnostics is its non-invasiveness. It is a well established fact that the balance of constituents in saliva indicates a healthy state while, the imbalance can be a sign of disease, due to exogenous or endogenous conditions. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that oral health/diseases are linked to systemic health/diseases. Inflammation, infection and oxidative stress are demonstrated to be the common pathogenic processes and each of them is mirrored in the salivary composition. The present review is focused on several key concepts: [i] advantages and limitations of salivary diagnosis; [ii] salivary biomarkers associated with oral and systemic diseases; [iii] salivary roles in early detection and progression of oral and systemic pathologies; [iv] saliva as a monitoring tool for oxidative stress in oral cavity.

Abstract 1953: Rapid quantitation of circulating microRNAs using a novel detection technology.

Abstract The rapid implementation of quantifying microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids for diagnosis and prognosis could be improved by designing more rapid approaches. The current mainstream approach is quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Barriers for the applicability are lengthy time requirement for isolation and amplification of miRNAs, and polymerase inhibitors that copurify with miRNA, and compromise the accuracy of the approach. Here we provide an approach using a nano-particle technology that overcomes these limitations. This technology is based on the principle that a fluorophore-containing oligonucletide sequence is fluorescently silent unless displaced from a quencher by a specific substrate RNA. Once displacement occurs, the resulting fluorescence provides a measure of RNA concentration in the reaction. Our approach allows for the direct and rapid quantification of circulating miRNAs with minimal processing of blood plasma/serum and is done without the use of enzymes. Using circulating miRNAs with established roles in cancer and quality control, miR-16, miR-21 and miR-22 and miR-451, we identified optimal temperature, detergent and solvent-extraction parameters, to quantify accurately these miRNAs in plasma using a microplate fluorometer within an hour after plasma preparation. The stringency of our conditions can discriminate wild type from a single-basepair mismatch RNA, and is specific for mature miRNAs. Furthermore, this approach facilitates measurement of samples collected in heparin, an anticoagulant that severely inhibits polymerases used for qRT-PCR. This approach creates the possibility for rapid blood tests to quantify miRNA-associated events in real-time, and provides greater public access to miRNA studies by reducing the cost and time requirement of current accurate approaches of miRNA quantitation. Citation Format: Dominik Duelli, Jaime Palma, Don Weldon, Justin Doong, Grace Johnston, Fellars Stacey, Michelle Hastings. Rapid quantitation of circulating microRNAs using a novel detection technology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1953. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1953

DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS ASCITIES;

Diagnosing Tuberculous ascites is a challenge. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenosine deaminase activity(ADA) have come up as promising modalities to aid diagnosis of tuberculosis in body fluids. Objective: To find and compare theusefulness of ADA and PCR in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place of Study:Medical Unit-I, Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College Hospital, Sukkur. Duration of Study: From January 2010 to July 2011.Methods: Fifty five patients of exudative ascites, were diagnosed as peritoneal tuberculosis by following criteria- clinical suspicion, PPD(Skin Tuberculin test) positive, suggestive bacteriological and/or imaging findings and ascitic fluid showing lymphocytosis withdecreased glucose and SAAG (Serum- Ascites albumin gradient) of <1.1 gm/ dL. PCR and ADA were performed in the ascitic fluid andpositivity rates determined and compared. Results: Out of 55 study subjects, 50 patients (90.9%) were PCR positive and 48 (87.3%)were ADA positive; both were equiefficacious (p=0.54). High agreement between PCR and ADA tests was noted. Conclusions: ADA andPCR are comparable as diagnostic modality for tuberculous peritonitis, however ADA scores over PCR because of easy availability, lowcost, less infrastructure requirement and less-time consuming.

P2‐027: Development of a gold nanoparticle ELISA to detect low‐abundant proteins in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

P2‐027: Development of a gold nanoparticle ELISA to detect low‐abundant proteins in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Usefulness of Lactate in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Postoperative Bacterial Meningitis (P03.245)

Usefulness of Lactate in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Postoperative Bacterial Meningitis (P03.245)

Analysis of nipple aspirate fluid for diagnosis of breast cancer: an alternative to invasive biopsy

Over 40,000 women in the USA will die this year of breast cancer. Current generally accepted techniques to detect breast cancer are limited to breast examination and mammography. Abnormalities found by these techniques require an invasive needle or surgical biopsy to determine if cancer is present. The author’s ultimate goal is to determine if a woman has breast cancer without the need for invasive biopsies, and do this before the abnormality is detectable by standard screening techniques. Herein, the technology is reviewed as it was, as it is today, and its future potential is discussed.

Endosonographic fine needle aspiration of ascitic fluid for diagnosis of malignancy

Endosonographic fine needle aspiration of ascitic fluid for diagnosis of malignancy

Microscopic examination and broth culture of cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of meningitis.

We reviewed the results of microscopic Gram stain examination and routine culture for 2,635 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples processed in an adult hospital microbiology laboratory during 55 months. There were 56 instances of bacterial or fungal meningitis (16 associated with central nervous system [CNS] shunt infection), four infections adjacent to the subarachnoid space, four cases of sepsis without meningitis, and an additional 220 CSF specimens with positive cultures in which the organism isolated was judged to be a contaminant. Because 121 of these contaminants were isolated in broth only, elimination of the broth culture would decrease unnecessary work. However, 25% of the meningitis associated with CNS shunts would have been missed by this practice. The most common cause of meningitis was Cryptococcus neoformans, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. In 48 of 56 (88%) of cases, examination of the Gram-stained specimen revealed the causative organism. If patients who had received effective antimicrobial therapy prior to lumbar puncture are excluded, the CSF Gram stain is 92% sensitive. Microscopic examination incorrectly suggested the presence of organisms in only 3 of 2,635 (0.1%) CSF examinations. Thus, microscopic examination of Gram-stained, concentrated CSF is highly sensitive and specific in early diagnosis of bacterial or fungal meningitis.

High resolution chromosome analysis and in situ hybridization on amniotic fluid for diagnosis of a cryptic translocation

High resolution chromosome analysis and in situ hybridization on amniotic fluid for diagnosis of a cryptic translocation

High resolution chromosome analysis andin situ hybridization on amniotic fluid for diagnosis of a cryptic translocation

We report a cryptic translocation ascertained in a family after the birth of a mentally retarded proband. High resolution chromosome examination revealed that the father had a subtle translocation between chromosome 5 and chromosome 13, 46, XY, t(5;13) (q35.2;q34). Two specific, non-routine techniques were associated for prenatal diagnosis: high resolution cytogenetic studies on the amniotic fluid and fluorescent in situ hybridization with YACs as specific telomeric probes. The fetus had the same cryptic translocation as his father.

Role of cytological analysis of synovial fluid in diagnosis and research.

Role of cytological analysis of synovial fluid in diagnosis and research.

Value of white blood cell, lactate and pH of ascitic fluid in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Value of white blood cell, lactate and pH of ascitic fluid in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Determination of alpha 2-macroglobulin in amniotic fluid in diagnosis of neural tube defect.

Journal Article Determination of alpha 2-macroglobulin in amniotic fluid in diagnosis of neural tube defect. Get access G J van Kamp, G J van Kamp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Calliauw J Calliauw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 9, 1 August 1980, Pages 1362–1363, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/26.9.1362 Published: 01 August 1980

Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of brain death

The increase of enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid is shown to indicate an adverse prognosis, with the implication of irreversibility. The massive increase of glutamateoxaloacetate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase and the appearance of alkaline phosphatases in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid in which the cytology is normal constitute an easy and reliable test for brain death. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase fraction V and lysozyme in cerebrospinal fluid supports the macrophagic origin of these enzymes.

OBG: Current uses of amniotic fluid in diagnosis reviewed at interdisciplinary conference

"OBG: Current uses of amniotic fluid in diagnosis reviewed at interdisciplinary conference." Hospital Topics, 51(6), pp. 66–67

Qualitative Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Testing in Vaginal Fluid for Diagnosis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v4i2.5043 NJOG 2010 Jan-Feb; 4(2): 28-31

Studies on ethanol production byCryptococcus neoformans

Several strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were found to produce small amounts of ethanol (C2H5OH) in glucose-containing media as detected by an enzymatic (alcohol dehydrogenase) and a gas chromatographic method. In glucose yeast extract broth, in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans produced greater than half the theoretical yield, C. neoformans produced less than 1% of the theoretical yield. Detection of ethanol in the spinal fluid for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis appears to be of limited value, unless there is routine determination of ethanol by one of the 2 methods applied, and because of differing yields of ethanol by differing strains.