Fluid Drip Research Articles

Застосування препарату Гліатилін при консервативній фармакотерапії тяжкої черепно-мозкової травми з контузійним ураженням речовини головного мозку

Наведені дані дослідження ефективності препарату Гліатилін (холіну альфосцерат) у терапії гострого періоду черепно-­мозкової травми (ЧМТ), забою головного мозку тяжкого ступеня з порушенням свідомості у випадку, коли оперативне втручання не показано, але є верифіковані контузійні вогнища з порушенням свідомості. У дослідження були включені 40 пацієнтів (28 чоловіків і 12 жінок) віком від 21 до 63 років (середній вік — 42 роки) із ЧМТ тяжкого ступеня. Пацієнти були розділені на 2 групи по 20 осіб (по 14 чоловіків та 6 жінок) за призначеною терапією. I група отримувала стандартизовану метаболічну, протинабрякову, антибіотикотерапію та ноотропну терапію. II група — таку ж терапію, доповнену Гліатиліном у дозі 1000 мг/добу внутрішньовенно краплинно. На тлі проведеної фармакотерапії в динаміці відстежувалася її ефективність протягом усього курсу (14 діб) за шкалою коми Глазго, за даними епідурального сенсора внутрішньочерепного тиску та за даними спіральної комп’ютерної томограми головного мозку.

Analysis of the Drop Sensors Accuracy in Central Peristaltic Infusion Monitoring Displayed on PC Based Wireless (TCRT5000 Drop Sensor)

In some hospitals the infusion is still done manually, medical staff observes fluid drip directly and then controls its rate using a mechanical resistor (clamp), this method is certainly far from the level of accuracy. Infusion pump is a medical aid that has functions to control and ensure the correct dose of infusion fluid that is given to patients under treatment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of the TCRT5000 as a drop sensor, based on readings of the infusion pump monitoring system. This module consists of a TCRT5000 drop sensor module, comparator circuit, monostable circuit, stepper motor, L298N motor driver, and ATmega328 microcontroller. The droplets are detected by the TCRT 5000 sensor, then amplified by a comparator and monostable circuit, then the flow rate and remaining volume readings are generated by the ATmega328 microcontroller. Furthermore, this data is sent to the Personal Computer (PC) via wireless HC-11. The results of the flow rate module measurement show that the highest error value is 4% at the 30 ml/hour setting, and the lowest error value is 1% at the 60 ml/hour setting. While the results of the flow rate measurement using an Infuse Device Analyzer, the highest error value is 2,2% at the 30 ml/hour setting, and the lowest error value is 0,58% at the 100 ml/hour setting. This infusion pump monitoring is designed centrally to facilitate the nurse's task in monitoring the infusion dose accurately that is given to the patient.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFUS CERDAS

The rapid development of the world of technology that covers almost all sides of life has encouraged innovation and human creation to make various tools with automatic work systems. Giving fluids using intravenous fluids is one way to enter fluids intravenously to meet the needs of fluids, electrolytes, drug administration, and feeding. The process of replacing intravenous fluids that has reached the minimum replacement limit must be carried out promptly and quickly, so that there will be no delay in changing intravenous fluids which will result in unstable pressure on the infusion set which will result in blood clots.In its testing, this tool can display information on the total number of intravenous fluid drops, and the condition of the remaining infusion fluid level on the LCD, as well as an additional display of the number of intravenous fluid drops per minute on theapplications client PC and / or smartphone. Adjusting the position of the mini servo of the infusion tap, can be adjusted when the appliance is not or not connected to the client. The sensor optocoupler used can also detect every drop of intravenous fluid. The reading of the sensor optocoupler used can experience an error by a difference of 100% if the dripping of the intravenous fluid is too slow. This is caused by the drip that is read twice by the sensor because one drop of intravenous fluid is read again after more than 50 milli second.Key words: microcontroller, nodemcu esp8266, optocoupler, load cell, mini servo sg90, smart infusion.

Can Infant Massage Increase Baby Weight Being Cared for in the Perinatology Room of Fatmawati Hospital?

Sometimes found babies who are hospitalized to experience weight loss or weight gain that are stuck. If if this problem lasts long it will affect baby's development and quality of life in the future. This study identified the effect of giving infant massage on the increase in baby weight during hospitalization. The study design was qualitative with multiple case design involving two infants and a mother who had the inclusion criteria: The baby did not have an intravenous fluid drip, the baby did not have congenital disease, had nursing problems, the risk of fluid volume deficiency, and the age of the baby was equal to or more than 6 days, and primipara. The research was conducted in March 2019, perinatology room of Fatmawati Hospital. The instruments used were in-depth interviews to explore the knowledge and skills of mothers caring for babies, flipcharts and videos to provide information on infant massage and using observation sheets to measure the mother's skills in infant massage. The results showed that there were differences in the knowledge and skills of mothers in doing baby massage, the average increase in baby weight was 30-45 grams per day. It is important that nurses provide education so that mothers can be skilled and confident while caring for their babies at home and increase the baby's weight while in the hospital.
 
 Key Words: Baby, Weight, Education, Knowledge, Baby Massage

Mobile Application for Monitoring of Addition of Drugs to Infusion Fluids

One of the duties of nurses to patients is controlled drip infusion or Intra Venous Fluid Drip (IVFD) and administration of drugs to patients. Individuals who are in sore need of fluids and medications in the number and types of different according to the illness. The amount and type of fluid and drug therapy should be appropriate in order to achieve an optimal effect. Giving intravenous fluid therapy (intravenous fluid therapy) and medication also need regulation and supervision (monitoring). Giving the wrong fluids and medications can aggravate the patient's illness. Intravenous fluid therapy and medications to do with principle 6 correctly i.e. correct patient's name, type of fluid, dose, route of administration, time of administration, and documentation. Control and drug infusion in each patient directly and regularly needs to be done by a nurse in order to prevent the occurrence of errors in the administration of intravenous fluids or medications. However, the control and drug infusion directly to each patient will certainly spend a lot of time. Addition, the possibility of error is generally common. This error may cause harm to the patient and increases health care costs. The monitoring system on the amount of drip infusion is still done manually, both in terms of its use and recording. Monitoring infusion in hospitals still rely on nurses as the registrar and regulator of the amount of drip infusion in patients. Nurses should always observe the patient every hour and aided by the patient's family as a reminder when the infusion runs out. Calculations and fluid therapy settings still must be done manually. This paper proposed application that support nurses in order to facilitate activities associated with the management of fluid therapy and medications to patients by using mobile application.

The benefits of radiological imaging for postoperative orthostatic headache: a case report

BackgroundTraditionally, the diagnosis of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) relied upon the patient’s history regarding dural puncture and symptoms, such as orthostatic headache. However, such evidence may not always be reliable or specific. We report an unexpected diagnosis with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), which was confirmed upon examination of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images in a patient who was initially suspected to have PDPH because he had recently undergone a uncertain dural puncture.Case presentationA 45-year-old man had undergone a thoracic epidural catheter insertion for perioperative analgesia prior to general anesthesia induction. Due to intermittent dripping of fluid while the epidural needle was being advanced, a dural puncture was suspected. The patient complained of an orthostatic headache after recovery from surgery, therefore a PDPH was suspected. MR images revealed signs of SIH: dural sinus engorgement, contrast enhancement along the neural sleeves of the left C6–7, bilateral C7-T1, T1–2, T2–3, T3–4, T4–5, and T5–6. Computed tomography-guided epidural blood patching (EBP) was performed the following day, with the patient experiencing immediate relief of the headache.ConclusionThe benefits of radiological imaging in this case included confirming the correct diagnosis, guiding the accurate level and proper approach of EBP, distinguishing the epidural space from the intrathecal space, and ultimately increasing the likelihood of successful EBP.

Nosocomial Infections from Intravenous Catheter

The subjects of the study consisted of 164 sick newborn infants (97 boys and 67 girls) who had no signs or symptoms of infections. The intravenous fluid drip (at scalp vein or saphenous vein) was put on soon after taking blood culture. Removal of venous catheters was indicated when the patients condition. No longer needed their use or there was sign of local infection. This study showed that the lower the birth weight or the gestational age, the higher the incidence of infection. The most prominent nosocomial infection in this study was phlebitis (16.5%) followed by infiltration (14.6%), and bacteremia (7 ,9%). The predominant microorganism was E. coli (59.7%). The overall incidence of nosocomial infection was 44.5% and the mortality was 24.7%.

Effect observation of dual-chamber T-shaped tube on postoperative biliary tract flush of hepatic calculus patients

Objective To investigate the effect of dual-chamber T-shaped tube on postoperative biliary tract flush and medicine injection of hepatic calculus patients, explore more standard, efficient and secure biliary tract flush, medicine injection and biliary drainage method. Methods Laparotomy biliary tract probing, calculus removal and T-shaped drainage surgery were conducted to 100 hepatic calculus patients received from May, 2014 to July, 2015.According to the variety of T-shaped tubes, patients were divided into treatment group (dual-chamber T-shaped tube placed) and control group where there were 50 patients each.The average time of biliary tract flush, flushing fluid drip, flush swelling pain, shivering and ardent fever after flushing, shivering and ardent fever after biliary tract radiography, calculus residual rate and patient satisfaction of two groups were recorded and compared. Results The average biliary tract flush time of treatment group was (6.32±2.70)minutes, and control group was (17.67±3.23)minutes.Flushing fluid drip was conducted to 3 patients of treatment group, and 40 patients in control group.7 patients had swelling pain when flushing in treatment group, and 23 patients in control group.1 patient had shivering and ardent fever in treatment group after flushing, and 13 patients in control group. 2 patients had shivering and ardent fever after biliary tract radiography, and 11 patients in control group. The satisfaction score of patients in treatment group was (99.17±1.37)points, and (91.21±4.35)points in control group. The comparative difference of indexes above had statistical significance(P 0.05). Conclusions After dual-chamber T-shaped tube drainage operation, the biliary drainage of patients was smooth. Biliary tract flush and medicine injection are secure, which can reduce biliary tract infection and calculus residue, relieve the pain of patients, improve patients' satisfaction, promote patients to get recovered earlier, it is worth clinical popularization and application. Key words: Ttube; Double lumen Ttube; Bile duct flushing; Satisfaction degree

종방향 전기장 근접 감지 방식 수액 주입 측정 센서

An intravenous (IV) infusion monitoring sensor based on longitudinal electric field proximity detection technique according to the present invention comprises: a proximity sensor outputs a sensing signal indicative of an electric field change caused by drop of IV fluid drip, being composed of two or more conductors forming an electric field in the longitudinal direction and arranged such that a clearance is provided in the longitudinal direction in which IV fluid drip drops on the outer surface of a drip chamber for receiving IV fluid; and a sensing signal processing unit for receiving the sensing signal and determining whether IV fluid drip has dropped or not, and outputting the IV fluid drip detection information.

A Weeping Tumor in a Young Girl: An Unusual Presentation of Nodular Hidradenoma.

A 10-year-old girl presented with a swelling on her left thigh that was associated with dripping of serous fluid from the lesion. Based on histological features of the excised tumor, a diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma was made. Atypical features including large size of the tumor, location on the lower limb, a weeping presentation, and histological finding of a nodular hidradenoma with an unusually large cystic cavity discharging fluid prompted us to report the case.

End-of-life preferences of the general public: Results from a Japanese national survey

PurposeTo determine under different End-of-Life (EoL) scenarios the preferences of the general public for EoL care setting and Life-sustaining-Treatments (LST), and to develop a new framework to assess these preferences. MethodUsing a 2-stage, geographical cluster sampling method, we conducted a postal survey across Japan of 2000 adults, aged 20+. Four EoL scenarios were used: cancer, cardiac failure, dementia and persistent vegetative state (PVS). ResultsWe received 969 valid responses (response rate 48.5%). Preference for EoL care setting varied by illness with those wishing to spend EoL at home only 39% for cancer, 22% for cardiac failure, and 10–11% for dementia and PVS. Preference for LST differed by scenario and treatment type. In cancer, cardiac failure and dementia, about half to two thirds expressed a preference for antibiotics and fluid drip infusion but few for nasogastric (NG) tube feeding, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), ventilation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although our models accounted for only 3–9% of the variance, preferences to receive LST were associated with preference to spend EoL in hospital for cancer and cardiac failure but not dementia. ConclusionsFew people preferred to die at home, while a preference for hospital was largely determined by factors other than preference for LST.

The “String Sign” for Diagnosis of Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts

Purpose: To assess the performance characteristics of the “string sign” in pancreatic cyst fluid for the diagnosis of mucinous cysts, and the utility of a novel sequential interpretation model for cyst fluid tests. Methods: Medical records of all patients undergoing EUS FNA (fine needle aspiration) of pancreatic cystic lesions at one institution from 2003 to 2012 were reviewed. String sign was performed prospectively, and results were obtained from EUS reports. The string sign was performed at the time of EUS FNA by placing a drop of fluid between two gloved fingers, or watching the fluid drip from the FNA needle. A positive sign was defined as formation of a string at least 1 cm in length and lasting for at least 1 second. Diagnosis for each cystic lesion was independently determined using standardized criteria including histology results. A sequential cyst fluid test interpretation model was created, in which the string sign was interpreted first, followed by additional tests interpreted sequentially. Results: String sign results were available for 318 cystic lesions, of which 232 had an independent basis for diagnosis, including 118 mucinous lesions. For 98 histologically proven cases the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, +LR, and -LR of the string sign for diagnosis of mucinous cysts was 58%, 95%, 94%, 60%, 11.3, and 0.45 respectively. Results were similar for all 232 lesions. String sign performance was comparable to cyst fluid CEA at a diagnostic threshold of 800 ng/ml. The string sign had a superior sensitivity to mucin staining (p=0.029) and cytology (p=0.002). In 10 cases the string sign was positive and cyst fluid CEA was < 200 ng/ml; 6 of these were IPMN. The remaining 4, which were not mucinous, all had cyst fluid CEA < 5 ng/ml. The sequential testing model is shown in the table. When the string sign was positive, specificity was high without further cyst fluid test interpretation. When the string sign was negative, additional stepwise test interpretation improved the sensitivity for diagnosis of a mucinous lesion from 58% to 96%.Table: Table. Performance of a sequential test interpretation modelConclusion: The string sign is highly specific for mucinous pancreatic cysts, and improves overall diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic cyst fluid analysis. A sequential test interpretation model incorporating the string sign yields high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for mucinous pancreatic lesions.

Long-Term, Open Catheterization of the Spinal Subarachnoid Space for Continuous Infusion of Narcotic and Bupivacaine in Patients with “Refractory” Cancer Pain A Technique of Catheterization and its Problems and Complications

The technique of long-term, open catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space for infusion of analgesics in patients with refractory cancer pain is sparsely reported in the literature. We report on a technique using 18G Portex nylon catheters and 16G-17G Tuohy needles, and its problems and complications. One hundred fifty-seven catheters were inserted in 142 patients, in most of them (79%) under deep sedation and local anesthesia. Attempts were made to place the catheter tip as close to the painful segments as possible. The catheters were tunneled subcutaneously (87% of them paravertebrally, over the shoulder, and further parasternally to the third chondrocostal cartilage). The Luer connections of the catheters were fixed to the patients' skin with monofilament steel sutures of dimension 0 and connected to a bacterial filter. At the end of the procedure, 10 ml isotonic saline was injected intrathecally to prevent postspinal puncture headache. Absorbent and impermeable dressings were applied over the tunnel exit, catheter Luer connection and bacterial filter. Antibiotics were given on the day of insertion and 2 days thereafter. During the insertion procedure, the following problems and complications were encountered; two or more attempts before successful spinal-dural puncture (32%), accidental puncture of an extradural vessel (10%), difficult dural puncture (18%), absence of free dripping of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in spite of successful dural puncture (4%), blood-stained CSF (9%), radicular pain and paresthesiae (4%), difficult advancement of the catheter (6%), difficult tunneling (11%), and bleeding in the tunnel (0.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of Skin Content on Some Properties of Poultry Meat Loaves

Poultry loaves were prepared with turkey thigh meat and proportions of skin ranging from 10% to 50% of formulation. Raw mixes were prepared for extrusion using the FTC back extrusion cell. After cooking to 78 C internally, loaves were evaluated for Gardner color values, cooking losses, shear forces, and composition of the meat and meat exudate.Extrusion force values were 9.2 to 9.3 kg for loaves made with up to 30% skin and then significantly (P<.05) decreased as the skin content increased to 50%. Cooking losses significantly (P<.05) increased as the skin content of the loaves increased, due primarily to the shift in moisture and fat ratios of the mixes. The collagen content of the loaves and exudate (when summed) reflected the content of skin used in preparation. Shear forces were similar for all treatments, averaging .112 kg force/g-cm2 of sample. Loaves examined for bind and tensile strengths showed maximum bind values (panel) at 33% skin and maximum tensile strength (instrumental) at 33% to 50% skin. Gardner L and bL values were not affected by skin content. The aL (redness) values decreased as skin levels increased during early storage, but had become nearly equal by 8 days of storage in closed loaf pans. The fluid drip (exudate) had a nitrogen content of approximately .6% with .5 to .6% as nonprotein nitrogen.

Encephalocele Masquerading as Nasal Polyp

NASAL TUMORS occasionally contain extracranial cerebral tissue. This neural tissue is usually fibrogliomatous, although several authors have observed neurons as a component. These lesions almost always occur on the bridge of the nose, as a subcutaneous mass, but occasionally they present inside the nose and, in rare instances, in both sites simultaneously. Such masses of neural tissue have been variously interrireted as neoplasms, cctopias, or more commonly encephaloceles. When this tumor presents in the nose, it may be diagnosed as a nasal polyp, and a surgical attack may lead to meningitis. Two cases of encephalocele diagnosed and treated as nasal polyps illustrate the complications which may arise and emphasize the need for awareness and proper diagnosis of this entity. Report of Cases Case1.Clinical History—A 45-year-old Negro man had a 6-month history of constant dripping of clear fluid from the left nostril. Previously he had been told at another

CEREBROSPINAL RHINORRHEA: REPORT OF CASE

Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is a rare affection, characterized by the escape of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A woman, aged 40, single, engaged in housework, was seen, Jan. 5, 1922, after she had been treated three months for sinusitis. She was complaining of a persistent dripping of clear fluid from the left nostril for the preceding three months. The family history was negative with the exception that obesity ran in the family. The patient had always been very stout; the present weight was 241 pounds (109 kg.); otherwise the past history was negative. There was no history of any head injury. The present condition began, Oct. 23, 1921. After a very hearty laughing attack, followed by a severe sneezing, the patient was aware of a clear, limpid fluid from the left nostril; associated with this there was a severe frontal headache, which extended to the vertex. The headache