Fluid Behavior Research Articles

Effect of slip on MHD flow of fluid with heat and mass transfer through a plate

Fractional order derivatives are recognized as advanced mathematical tools with broad applications in physics and engineering for deriving real-world solutions. This study examines a fractional order model of a non-linear Casson fluid, highlighting the widespread utility of fractional derivatives. Additionally, the problem incorporates the Dufour and slip effects. Specifically, the constant proportional Caputo fractional model is formulated using generalized Fick's and Fourier's laws. Initially, the governing equations are transformed into a non-dimensional form and subsequently solved using the Laplace transform. Analysis of the figures indicates that the Casson parameter reduces fluid motion, while the diffusion thermo effect enhances it. Furthermore, the study includes a comparison between fractionalized and ordinary velocity fields. Highlight: Introduction of novel CPC fractional derivative model of Casson fluid flow. Semi-analytically solutions using Laplace transform method for accurate fluid behavior representation. comprehensive parametric analysis linking theoretical findings. Temperature contour affected by significant values of Du?

Numerical study on the behavior of a polymeric MHD nanofluid: entropy optimization and thermal analysis

PurposeAnalyzing and reducing entropy generation is useful for enhancing the thermodynamic performance of engineering systems. This study aims to explore how polymers and nanoparticles in the presence of Lorentz forces influence the fluid behavior and heat transfer characteristics to lessen energy loss and entropy generation.Design/methodology/approachThe dispersion model is initially used to examine the behavior of polymer additives over a magnetized surface. The governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is subsequently reduced through the utilization of similarity transformation techniques. Entropy analysis is primarily performed through the implementation of numerical computations on a non-Newtonian polymeric FENE-P model.FindingsThe numerical simulations conducted in the presence of Lorentz forces provide significant insights into the consequences of adding polymers to the base fluid. The findings suggest that such an approach minimizes entropy in the flow region. Through the utilization of polymer-MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) interactions, it is feasible to reduce energy loss and improve the efficiency of the system.Originality/valueThis study’s primary motivation and novelty lie in examining the significance of polymer additives as agents that reduce entropy generation on a magnetic surface. The author looks at how nanofluids affect the development of entropy and the loss of irreversibility. To do this, the author uses the Lorentz force, the Soret effect and the Dufour effect to minimize entropy. The findings contribute to fluid mechanics and thermodynamics by providing valuable insights for engineering systems to increase energy efficiency and conserve resources.

Characterizing Flow Dynamics in a Two-dimensional Flow Cell: Developing Methodologies for Enhanced Subsurface Contaminant Remediation Research

This study used a two-dimensional (2-D) flow cell apparatus (25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm) to characterize water flow and contaminant transport in porous media. The primary objective was to enhance the understanding of flow dynamics and contaminant behavior in controlled 2-D environments, which is crucial for optimizing the application of remediation technologies to treat contaminants in saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. The 2-D cell was designed with transparent walls to simulate subsurface conditions using medium grained sand, allowing for precise control and observation of fluid movement under saturated and quasi-saturated (trapped air) conditions. Visualization techniques and flow measurement tools were employed to capture detailed data on flow patterns, velocities, and dispersion characteristics. Analysis of breakthrough curves for salt tracer tests using electrical conductivity measurements, alongside varying flow rates, flow fractions, and port configurations, provided significant insights into fluid behavior and contaminant transport. The study also explored the effects of varying salt concentrations (and solution densities) on flow dynamics, contributing to a better understanding of the role of contaminant concentration in contaminant plume development and remediation processes. Visual analysis using dyed contaminant complemented the quantitative data, offering real-time observations of flow patterns and contaminant distribution. A custom-built apparatus was used to control the hydraulic head of multiple outlet ports to sample water from different depths. The experiments demonstrated that gravity plays a crucial role in solute (salt) breakthrough, with lower ports showing earlier breakthrough. Flow fields formed vertically, from bottom-to-top, and horizontally, from inlet-to-outlet, with lower portions advancing sooner. However, multi-port configurations, especially involving five ports, disrupted the sequential breakthrough order, possibly due to convection in the clear well that formed the outlet boundary of the flow cell. These findings will support research students in conducting similar experiments with flow and transport that varies with depth, with future insights for professionals in developing and optimizing remediation strategies related to subsurface contaminant flow. Special thanks are extended to Liam Price, Julia-Barnes James, and Brooke Belfall who were helpful during the research and the experimentation process.

Model order reduction and sensitivity analysis for complex heat transfer simulations inside the human eyeball.

Heat transfer in the human eyeball, a complex organ, is significantly influenced by various pathophysiological and external parameters. Particularly, heat transfer critically affects fluid behavior within the eye and ocular drug delivery processes. Overcoming the challenges of experimental analysis, this study introduces a comprehensive three-dimensional mathematical and computational model to simulate the heat transfer in a realistic geometry. Our work includes an extensive sensitivity analysis to address uncertainties and delineate the impact of different variables on heat distribution in ocular tissues. To manage the model's complexity, we employed a very fast model reduction technique with certified sharp error bounds, ensuring computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. Our results demonstrate remarkable consistency with experimental observations and align closely with existing numerical findings in the literature. Crucially, our findings underscore the significant role of blood flow and environmental conditions, particularly in the eye's internal tissues. Clinically, this model offers a promising tool for examining the temperature-related effects of various therapeutic interventions on the eye. Such insights are invaluable for optimizing treatment strategies in ophthalmology.

UHT A2 milks marketed in Brazil: Physicochemical and electrical characterization, rheological behavior and fatty acid profile

UHT A2 Milk offers a consumption alternative for consumers experiencing intestinal discomfort from consuming dairy products. A2 milk, derived from cows with the A2A2 genotype, does not promote the formation of betacasomorphin-7 (BCM-7). However, little is known about the comprehensive composition of this product, as well as its impact on physicochemical and electrical parameters. This study aimed to investigate potential physicochemical and chemical differences between UHT milk with the A2 β-casein genotype and conventional milk without A2 certification, sourced from brands available in the Brazilian market. Therefore, the physicochemical parameters, rheological behavior, electrical impedance, and fatty acid composition were evaluated. The results indicated that A2 milk had higher density, fat, protein, and total solids content compared to UHT milk without A2 certification. Furthermore, it obtained a higher electrical impedance modulus and lower admittance within the analyzed frequency range (1 kHz a 5 MHz). The UHT milk samples showed Newtonian fluid behavior at both temperatures analyzed (10 and 25 °C). Furthermore, the type of UHT milk (with and without A2 certification) did not significantly influence the absolute viscosity of the samples (p > 0.05) across both commercial brands and temperature. Overall, both types of milk had the same composition of fatty acids, with palmitic acid being the major compound. However, C12:0 and C18:1 cis-7 were more abundant in A2 milk. In this sense, the analytical methods used in this study were able to identify differences in macromolecules and compounds within the lipid fraction in the samples investigated. These analytes are suggested as potential identity markers to evaluate the authenticity of UHT bovine containing only beta-casein of the A2 genotype in its composition.

Thermohydrodynamic analysis of magnetorheological conical bearings with conjugated heat transfer

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into a 3D simulation of magnetorheological (MR) conical bearings, focusing on considering viscous dissipation using the conjugated heat transfer approach. The behavior of MR fluids is expressed through the utilization of the Bingham-Papanastasiou constitutive equation. Notably, this study considers variations in viscosity and yield stress as functions of both magnetic field intensity and temperature. The study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing fluid dynamics, magnetism, and heat transfer, to model and analyze the behavior of MR fluids within conical bearing geometries. The governing equations containing Cauchy momentum, energy, and Maxwell equations are solved using the finite element method. This research delves into the impacts of viscous dissipation on the functional and characteristic attributes of conical bearings. The energy equations in solid and fluid domains and extended considerations to the plug region within viscous dissipation are specifically addressed. Extensive validation is performed through a comparative analysis involving experimental, numerical, and analytical studies to ensure the validity of results. The results reveal the substantial impact of temperature on both the characteristics and functionality of magnetorheological conical bearings.

Significance of well placement and degree of hydrate reserve recovery for synergistic CH4 recovery and CO2 storage in marine heterogeneous hydrate-bearing sediments

The synergistic CH4 recovery and CO2 storage in marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs presents an emerging strategic solution for energy and environment challenges, yet the efficiency requires innovative engineering designs to enhance. In this study, a water-saturated CH4 hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS, V = 22 L, T = 284 K, and P = 11.2 MPa) was synthesized to investigate the pilot-scale combined processes of CH4 recovery by depressurization followed by CO2 storage through CO2/N2 injection. The synthesized HBS exhibited vertical heterogeneity with higher hydrate saturation observed in the upper sediment and a decreasing saturation trend in the lower sediment. The effect of well placement designs on CH4 recovery and hydrate restoration by mixed CH4/CO2/N2 hydrate (Mix-H) formation was investigated, considering two scenarios: upper well for recovery while lower well for injection (URLI), and lower well for recovery while upper well for injection (LRUI). Additionally, the impact of the degree of hydrate reserve recovery (100% and 80% hydrate dissociated) on subsequent Mix-H formation was also studied. Results indicate that the URLI setting achieves a higher CH4 recovery ratio and rate during depressurization compared to the LRUI setting which encounters low-T shielding. The T variation between upper and lower sediment highlights the influence of heterogeneity on fluid behaviors. Halting the CH4 recovery after 80% hydrate dissociation results in a halved recovery time and water production. During later CO2/N2 injection and Mix-H formation process, the LRUI setting achieves a 13–54% higher Mix-H saturation and a 33–56% higher CO2 hydrate encapsulation than the URLI setting. Moreover, 80% dissociation proves more favorable for Mix-H formation achieving nearly twice higher final amount than 100% hydrate dissociation. However, it results in a lower CO2 encapsulation. This study provides insights into the trade-off between CH4 recovery and CO2 storage efficiency, emphasizing the need for optimized well placement and controlled hydrate extraction.

Stabilizing effects of higher-order quantum corrections on charged BTZ black hole thermodynamics

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic properties and stability of static charged BTZ black holes with the inclusion of higher-order quantum corrections. The corrections to the entropy, mass, and Helmholtz free energy are derived, revealing the intricate interplay between quantum effects and classical gravitational forces in the context of black hole thermodynamics. The study of the specific heat capacity shows that higher-order corrections stabilize the system by removing the instabilities present at lower orders. The analysis of the van der Waals-like isotherms demonstrates the continuous transition from a highly compressible to an almost incompressible regime as the volume is decreased, akin to the behavior of supercritical fluids. Notably, the isotherms do not exhibit any regions of negative compressibility, indicating the absence of instabilities. Furthermore, the convexity of the Helmholtz free energy as a function of volume confirms the stability of the charged BTZ black hole system. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex thermodynamic landscape of three-dimensional black holes and the role of quantum corrections in shaping their behavior.

Coupling effect of dynamic power and oscillation path on butt weld formation and melt flow behavior during aluminum alloys

The influence of the coupling effect between dynamic power and oscillation path on the formation of weld seams and the fluid behavior of the molten pool during laser welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy was investigated through numerical simulation and experimentation. Three power modes were compared in the experiments: equal power (EP), delayed dynamic power (D-DP), and non-delayed dynamic power (ND-DP). The experimental results show that both D-DP and ND-DP modes are favorable to improve the mechanical properties. Among them, the joints formed under the D-DP mode exhibit the best mechanical properties, with an average tensile strength reaching ≈ 99.1% of the base material, which is an increase of ≈ 35.3% and ≈ 5.6% compared to the EP and ND-DP modes, respectively. Numerical simulation results indicate that the D-DP mode effectively mitigates the average flow velocity of the molten pool, reduces the collision effects between liquid flows, suppresses the impact of fluid on the keyhole walls, and improves the stability of the keyhole and the welding process, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the joints.

Influence of Rotation and Viscosity on Parallel Rolls of Electrically Conducting Fluid

Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a fundamental fluid dynamics phenomenon that significantly influences heat transfer in various natural and industrial processes, such as geophysical dynamics in the Earth’s liquid core and the performance of heat exchangers. Understanding the behavior of conductive fluids under the influence of heating, rotation, and magnetic fields is critical for improving thermal management systems. Utilizing the Boussinesq approximation, this study theoretically examines the nonlinear convection of a planar layer of conductive liquid that is heated from below and subjected to rotation about a vertical axis in the presence of a magnetic field. We focus on the onset of stationary convection as the temperature difference applied across the planar layer increases. Our theoretical approach investigates the formation of parallel rolls aligned with the magnetic field under free–free boundary conditions. To analyze the system of nonlinear equations, we expand the dependent variables in a series of orthogonal functions and express the coefficients of these functions as power series in a parameter ϵ. A solution for this nonlinear problem is derived through Fourier analysis of perturbations, extending to O(ϵ8), which allows for a detailed visualization of the parallel rolls. Graphical results are presented to explore the dependence of the Nusselt number on the Rayleigh number (R) and Ekman number (E). We observe that both the local Nusselt number and average Nusselt number increase as the Ekman number decreases. Furthermore, the flow appears to become more deformed as E decreases, suggesting an increased influence of external factors such as rotation. This deformation may enhance mixing within the fluid, thereby improving heat transfer between different regions.

Thermal distribution and viscous heating of electromagnetic radiative Eyring–Powell fluid with slippery wall conditions

The research examines the intricate between Eyring-Powell microfluidic heat transfer, electromagnetic radiation and viscous heating in a Riga slippery device as applied in heat exchangers, cooling systems, biomedical devices, energy generation, polymer processing, and others. The viscoelastic property of the fluid is characterized by the Eyring-Powell Cauchy fluid model with shear-thickening and shear-thinning phenomena that are useful in several heat transport processes and thermal management. The developed governing model is taken from the constitutive relations and conservation principles and solved via an adaptive partition weighted residual method. The essential fluid term sensitivities are systematically investigated on the flow and thermal distribution characteristics. An appropriate validation and comparison of results is done and found to agree quantitatively, this confirmed the correctness of the presented outcomes. The results reveal the significant impact of the thermofluidic terms interaction on the viscous flowing fluid and thermal behaviour. As seen, slip conditions momentously increase the flow rate gradients for about 1.7% to 2.4% close to the boundary wall and consequently raise the microfluidic thermal propagation rates with 3.7% non-Newtonian fluid and thickness of the boundary layer. Moreover, the thermal gradient and distribution complexities are modulated within the fluid regime due to radiation and Lorentz force.

Molecular dynamics of quantitative evaluation of confined fluid behavior in nanopores media and the influencing mechanism: Pore size and pore geometry

Understanding the potential mechanisms of reservoir fluid storage, transport, and oil recovery in shale matrices requires an accurate and quantitative evaluation of the fluid behavior and phase state characteristics of the confined fluid in nanopores as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms within complex pore structures. The research to date has preliminary focused on the fluid behavior and its influencing factors within a single nanopore morphology, with limited attention of the role of pore structures in controlling fluid behavior and a lack of quantitative methods for characterizing the phase state of fluids. To address this gap, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to examine the phase state characteristics of confined fluids across various pore sizes and geometries, revealing the mechanisms by which wall boundary conditions influence fluid behavior. We use the simulation results to validate the accuracy and applicability of the quantitative characterization model for fluid phase state properties. Our findings show that the phase state features of fluids differ significantly between slit-like and cylindrical pores, with lower absorption limits in pore sizes of 2.8 and 7 nm, respectively. Based on pore sizes, we identified three regions of confined fluid phases and determined that the influence of the adsorbed state fraction on fluid phase state cannot be ignored for pores smaller than approximately 85 nm. Additionally, cylindrical pores interact with the internal fluids about 1.8 times stronger than slit-like pores.

Maximal transport of non-Newtonian fluid in an anisotropic rotating porous channel with an inclined magnetic field

This study explores the flow characteristics of a viscous, incompressible, conducting Jeffrey fluid in a rotating channel filled with anisotropic porous medium with an inclined magnetic field. The study has relevance to fluid motion in striated rock formations and seepage flow in rotating systems across insulation or geological layers. The channel's rotation axis and a principal axis of the permeability tensor are perpendicular to the walls. The flow is described by the Darcy–Brinkman model under no-slip boundary conditions, applicable in regenerative heat exchangers. Key parameters include the rotation rate and the lateral permeabilities. They have significant impacts on flow behavior. Fluid velocity consists of a primary component aligned with the pressure gradient and a secondary component influenced by the Coriolis force. The variation in lateral permeabilities affects the convexity of the velocity profile, while the magnetic field allows for control of both velocity and volumetric flow rates. The Jeffrey parameter and the inclination angle further enhance the flow behavior. This study provides comprehensive analysis through tables and figures for various values of the anisotropic Darcy number and the rotation parameter, detailing the model's physical properties. The effects of the product of skin friction and the Reynolds number are also discussed, with results aligning with the existing literature for limiting cases. These findings offer valuable insights into fluid behavior in complex environments where rotation, porous structures, and magnetic fields interact with implications for process optimization, resource recovery, and sustainable engineering practices.

Reconstructing the Spill Propagation of the Aznalcóllar Mine Disaster

AbstractThe mine pond failure of Los Frailes (Aznalcóllar, Spain) was one of the most catastrophic mining-related disasters worldwide. Despite having been analysed from different disciplines, there have been only two attempts to simulate the propagation of the spill. In both cases, the spill was reconstructed using poor or incorrect topographical data, assuming a spilled hydrograph at the breaking point, and considering the fluid as water. In this research, new pre-failure topographical data were obtained combining field data with remote sensing techniques. These data were used to estimate the spilled hydrograph at the breaking point utilising a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool. Finally, due to the nature of the spilled fluid, two different attempts of reconstructing the spill propagation process of the Aznalcóllar mine disaster were performed. First, the fluid was considered as water with a suspended sediment load (26–660 g/L), i.e. assuming Newtonian fluid flow. Then the fluid was assumed to be mud-like (non-Newtonian fluid flow). These new simulations revealed that using a Newtonian fluid model, such as water with or without sediment, produced the best results in matching observed and simulated data. The non-Newtonian approach (muds) performed poorly. This suggests the spill behaved more like a concentrated sediment-laden flow than a mud-like one, possibly due to changes in fluid behaviour caused by the mine tailings in the pond after the failure.

Laser-zoned treatment of magnesium surfaces with predictable degradation applications

Magnesium metal is a promising material for medical applications due to its biocompatibility and similar modulus of elasticity to human bone. However, its complex corrosion process must be addressed before it can be used clinically to match post-implantation tissue repair. This study aims to regulate material degradation by utilizing laser surface treatment. The surface of pure magnesium was modified using nanosecond and femtosecond laser methods to create various micro-nanostructures, such as chain, streak, column, and groove structures. Surface roughness and wettability tests revealed that the groove structures had higher roughness values. All structures exhibited hydrophilicity, but the femtosecond laser-generated structures were more hydrophilic. Electrochemical tests and immersion experiments demonstrated that femtosecond laser modification significantly improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium metal compared to polished samples. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that the laser-treated magnesium was not cytotoxic. Based on the results, we constructed various structures on the magnesium rods in different regions. As a result, the rods exhibited multi-stage biodegradation behavior in simulated body fluids (SBF). This study presents a novel approach to controlling the degradation sequence of medical metals.

Molecular dynamics simulation of slit rheometer for predicting shear thinning of short polyethylene chains

Understanding the molecular basis of rheological properties is crucial from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Slit rheometry is commonly employed to measure the viscosity of fluids. This study utilized molecular dynamics simulations to investigate isothermal contraction flow at the nanoscale. Short linear polyethylene chains were uniformly extruded by a constant-speed piston from a reservoir through an abrupt contraction slit into the surrounding vacuum. Overall, die swelling and die wetting phenomena were observed. Molecular chains were stretched within the slit, while those outside the slit shrunk. Notably, the velocity profile within the slit varied with wall slip at different extrusion velocities. The relationship between the apparent shear viscosity and shear rate exhibited two primary characteristics: the first-Newtonian plateau and the shear thinning slope. Therefore, this molecular simulation method effectively demonstrates the general non-Newtonian behavior of macroscopic polymer fluids.

Evolution of local relaxed states and the modeling of viscoelastic fluids

We introduce a class of continuum mechanical models aimed at describing the behavior of viscoelastic fluids by incorporating concepts originated in the theory of solid plasticity. Within this class, even a simple model with constant material parameters is able to qualitatively reproduce a number of experimental observations in both simple shear and extensional flows, including linear viscoelastic properties, the rate dependence of steady-state material functions, the stress overshoot in incipient shear flows, and the difference in shear and extensional rheological curves. Furthermore, by allowing the relaxation time of the model to depend on the total strain, we can reproduce some experimental observations of the non-attainability of steady flows in uniaxial extension and link this to a concept of polymeric jamming or effective solidification. Remarkably, this modeling framework helps in understanding the interplay between different mechanisms that may compete in determining the rheology of non-Newtonian materials.

Mathematical Modelling of a Single Magneto-Rheological for Car Suspension System Using Modified Bouc-Wen Model

Magneto-Rheological (MR) automotive suspension represents the most advanced technology currently available for enhancing passenger comfort through intelligent fluid behaviour. This work employed a Modified Bouc-Wen model to create a mathematical representation of a single MR vehicle suspension and compared its ride performance to that of passive suspension systems. The model was formulated and solved using second-order linear differential equations, with MATLAB software utilized to visualize the results. The maximum vertical displacement for the single MR mathematical model in this work was 0.031 m, while the minimum was -0.0124 m. At the minimum position, the vertical displacements for the passive model were 0.0532 m and -0.0133 m. The results demonstrated that the vertical displacement variation was similar for both the mathematical model and the passive system. All displacements obtained from the mathematical modeling of the single MR system were close to its mean of 0.000875 m (nearly zero). There was reduced vibration when zero displacement was achieved. It was concluded that MR damper significantly improved car suspension performance compared to passive solutions. This paper developed a single MR vehicle suspension system using the Modified Bouc-Wen model in a Proton Preve.

Non-invasive measurement of wall shear stress in microfluidic chip for osteoblast cell culture using improved depth estimation of defocus particle tracking method.

The development of a non-invasive method for measuring the internal fluid behavior and dynamics of microchannels in microfluidics poses critical challenges to biological research, such as understanding the impact of wall shear stress (WSS) in the growth of a bone-forming osteoblast. This study used the General Defocus Particle Tracking (GDPT) technique to develop a non-invasive method for quantifying the fluid velocity profile and calculated the WSS within a microfluidic chip. The GDPT estimates particle motion in a three-dimensional space by analyzing two-dimensional images and video captured using a single camera. However, without a lens to introduce aberration, GDPT is prone to error in estimating the displacement direction for out-of-focus particles, and without knowing the exact refractive indices, the scaling from estimated values to physical units is inaccurate. The proposed approach addresses both challenges by using theoretical knowledge on laminar flow and integrating results obtained from multiple analyses. The proposed approach was validated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental video of a microfluidic chip that can generate different WSS levels under steady-state flow conditions. By comparing the CFD and GDPT velocity profiles, it was found that the Mean Pearson Correlation Coefficient is 0.77 (max = 0.90) and the Mean Intraclass Correlation Coefficient is 0.66 (max = 0.82). The densitometry analysis of osteoblast cells cultured on the designed microfluidic chip for four days revealed that the cell proliferation rate correlates positively with the measured WSS values. The proposed analysis can be applied to quantify the laminar flow in microfluidic chip experiments without specialized equipment.

Improving the gel properties of Ficus pumila Linn. pectin by incorporating deacetylated konjac glucomannan

To improve the gelation behaviour of pectin, the effect of deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) with various deacetylation degrees (27.44 %, 44.32 %, 60.25 %, and 71.77 %) on the heat-induced gel characteristics of Ficus pumila Linn. pectin was studied. The hardness, chewiness, and adhesiveness of the gel increased as the degree of deacetylation increased from 27.44 % to 60.25 %, but decreased at 71.77 %. Additionally, DKGM addition resulted in higher apparent viscosity and non-Newtonian fluid behaviour in the composite gel. The incorporation of DKGM into the gel matrix strengthened the gel structure by promoting hydrogen bond formation and shortening relaxation time compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the densification of the pectin gel network increased as the degree of deacetylation of konjac glucomannan rose from 27.44 % to 60.25 %, but then loosened when it exceeded 71.77 %. As the degree of deacetylation increased, the hydrophobic interaction between pectin and DKGM increased. Overall, the addition of DKGM effectively modulated the gel properties of Ficus pumila Linn. pectin, thus broadening its industrial application on different gel products.