This review will address pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)—the clinical presentation, the challenges involved in diagnosing NPD, and significant areas of co-occurring psychopathology (i.e., affective disorder, substance usage, and suicide). Major depressive disorder is the most common comorbid disorder in patients with pathological narcissism or NPD. Need for self-enhancement and chronic disillusionment with self make these individuals particularly susceptible to substance use. Suicidal preoccupation in these patients is characterized by the absence of depression, lack of communication, self-esteem dysregulation, and life events that decrease self-esteem. The diagnostic focus on patients’ external characteristics and interpersonal behavior tends to dismiss the importance of their internal distress and painful experiences of self-esteem fluctuations, self-criticism, and emotional dysregulation. A collaborative and exploratory diagnostic approach to pathological narcissism ...